List of firearms before the 20th century

Short description: None

This is an extensive list of antique guns made before the year 1900 and including the first functioning firearms ever invented. The list is not comprehensive; create an entry for listings having none; multiple names are acceptable as cross-references, so that redirecting hyperlinks can be established for them.

## Contents

* 1 A
* 2 B
* 3 C
* 4 D
* 5 E
* 6 F
* 7 G
* 8 H
* 9 I
* 10 J
* 11 K
* 12 L
* 13 M
* 14 N
* 15 P
* 16 R
* 17 S
* 18 T
* 19 V
* 20 W
* 21 X
* 22 Notes
* 23 See also

## A

* Abus gun (Ottomans \- Howitzer)
* Agar machine gun (United States \- Machine Gun - 1861)
* Allen & Thurber Single-Shot (United States \- Pistol - 1848)
* Allen & Wheelock Drop Breech (United States \- Rifle - 1860)
* Apache revolver (Belgium - Revolver - c.1869)
* Arisaka Type 30 rifle (Empire of Japan - Rifle - 1897/1899)
* Arquebus (Dutch - 15th Century)
* Augustin Infantry Musket Model 1842 (Austrian Empire - Rifle - 1842)

## B

* Baker rifle (UK - Muzzleloading rifle - 1800)
* Ballard Rifle (USA - Rifle - 1862)
* Beaumont–Adams revolver (UK - Revolver - 1862)
* Bedil (Nusantara \- Hand Cannon - 14th century)
* Berdan rifle (USA/UK/Russian Empire[lower-alpha 1] \- Rifle - 1868)
* Bergmann 1896 (German Empire \- Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1896)
* Berthier rifles (France - Rifle - c. 1890)
* Bodeo Model 1889 (Kingdom of Italy \- Revolver - 1889)
* Borchardt C-93 (German Empire \- Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1893)
* British Bull Dog revolver (UK - Revolver - 1872)
* Brown Bess (UK - Musket - 1722)
* Brunswick rifle (UK - Rifle - 1836)
* Burnside carbine (USA - Rifle - 1858)

## C

* Caliver (UK - Arquebus - 17th century)
* Carcano Rifle (Kingdom of Italy \- Rifle - 1891)
* Chamelot Delvigne French 1873 (French - Revolver \- 1873)
* Charleville (France \- Musket - 1770s)
* Che Dian Chong (China - Arquebus - 16th century)
* Coach gun (US - Shotgun - 1850s)
* Colt's Manufacturing Company
* Colt 1851 Navy (US - Revolver - 1851)
* Colt Army Model 1860 (US - Revolver - 1860)
* Colt Dragoon Revolver (US - Revolver - 1848)
* Colt House Revolver (US - Revolver - 1871)
* Colt Lightning Carbine (US - Carbine - 1884)
* Colt M1861 Navy (US - Revolver - 1861)
* Colt M1877 (US - Revolver - 1877)
* Colt M1878 "Frontier" (US - Revolver - 1878)
* Colt M1892 "New Army and Navy" (US - Revolver - 1892)
* Colt Model 1839 Carbine (USA - Rifle - 1838)
* Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver " Root Revolver" (USA - Revolver - c.1855)
* Colt Model 1871–72 Open Top (USA - Revolver - 1871)
* Colt New Line (USA - Revolver - 1873)
* Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver (USA - Revolver - 1871)
* Colt Paterson (US - Revolver - 1836)
* Colt Pocket Percussion Revolvers (USA - Revolver)
* Baby Dragoon: 1847
* Pocket Model of 1849: 1850
* Pocket Navy and Pocket Police: 1861
* Colt revolving rifle (US - Repeating Rifle - 1855)
* Colt Ring Lever rifle (first and second model) (US - caplock revolving rifle - 1837 (1st model) and 1838 (2nd model))
* Colt Single Action Army "Peacemaker" (US - Revolver - 1873)
* Confederate Revolving Cannon

## D

* Derringer (USA - small handgun)
* Philadelphia Deringer: 1852
* Colt Deringer: 1861
* Sharps Deringer: 1859
* Remington Deringer (Model 95): 1866
* Dreyse Model 1841 "Needle Gun" (Kingdom of Prussia - Rifle - 1841)

## E

* Enfield Revolver (UK - Revolver - 1880)
* Evans Repeating Rifle (US - Rifle - 1879-80)

## F

* Ferguson rifle (British breech-loading rifle - patented December of 1776)
* Fayetteville rifle (CSA \- Rifle - 1862)
* Frank Wesson Rifles (USA - Rifle - 1858/1861)
* Fusil modèle 1866 "Chassepot" (France - Rifle - 1866)
* Fusil Gras mle 1874 (France - Rifle - 1874)

## G

* Gallager carbine (USA - Rifle - 1861)
* Gatling Model 1861 (USA - Machine Gun - 1862)
* Gewehr 1888 / Model 1888 commission rifle (German Empire - Rifle - 1888)
* Gorgas machine gun

## H

* Harpers Ferry Armory
* Harpers Ferry Model 1803 (USA - Rifle - 1803)
* Harpers Ferry Model 1805 (USA - Flintlock Pistol - 1805)
* Harpers Ferry Model 1816 (USA - Rifle - 1816)
* Harpers Ferry Model 1819 "Hall Rifle" (USA - Rifle - c.1820)
* Harpers Ferry Model 1841 "Mississippi Rifle" (USA - Rifle - 1841)
* Harpers Ferry Model 1855 (USA - Rifle - 1857)
* Henry Repeating Rifle (US - Rifle - 1850s-1866)
* Huochong (China - Hand Cannon - 13th century)
* Hinawaju (Japan - Arquebus and Pistol - 16th century?)

## I

* Istinggar (Nusantara - Arquebus - 16th century)

## J

* Jarmann M1884 (Norway \- Rifle - 1878/1884)
* Java arquebus (Nusantara - Arquebus - 16th century)
* Joslyn rifle (USA - Rifle - 1855)

## K

* Kerr's Patent Revolver (United Kingdom - Revolver - 1859)
* Kropatschek (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1881)
* Krag–Petersson (Norway \- Rifle - 1872)
* Krag–Jørgensen (Norway \- Rifle - 1886)

## L

* Lancaster pistol (UK - Multi-barrel pistol - c. 1860)
* Lebel 1886 (France \- Rifle - 1886)
* Lee-Metford - MLM (United Kingdom \- Rifle - 1884)
* Lee-Enfield - MLE (United Kingdom \- Rifle - 1895)
* Lefaucheux M1854 (France - Revolver - 1854)
* Lefaucheux M1858 (France - Revolver - 1858)
* Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71 (Belgium - Revolver - 1871)
* LeMat Revolver (France/CSA \- Revolver - 1856)
* Lorenz rifle (Austrian Empire - Rifle - 1855)

## M

* M1867 Werndl–Holub rifle (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1867)
* M1870 Gasser (Austria-Hungary - Revolver - 1870)
* M1871 Beaumont (Netherlands - Rifle - 1869/1871)
* M1879 Reichsrevolver (German Empire - Revolver - 1879)
* M1882 Revolver (Switzerland - Revolver - 1882)
* M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun "Potato Digger" (USA - Heavy Machine Gun - c.1895)
* M1895 Lee Navy (USA - Rifle, bolt-action - 1895)
* Mannlicher
* Mannlicher M1886 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1886)
* Mannlicher M1888 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1888)
* Mannlicher M1894 (German Empire - Pistol - 1894)
* Mannlicher M1895 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1895)
* Marlin Model 1894 (USA - Rifle - 1894)
* Mars Automatic Pistol (United Kingdom - Pistol - 1897)
* Martini–Henry Mark I, II, III, and IV (United Kingdom - Rifle - 1871)
* Massachusetts Arms Maynard Carbine (USA - Rifle - 1851)
* Mauser
* Gewehr 71 (German Empire - Rifle - 1871)
* Gewehr 98 (German Empire - Rifle - 1898)
* Mauser C78 "zig-zag" (German Empire - Revolver - 1878)
* Mauser C96 (German Empire - Pistol - 1896)
* Maxim Gun (United Kingdom - Machine Gun - 1883)
* Merrill carbine (USA - Rifle - 1858/1863)
* Merwin & Hulbert revolvers (USA - Revolver - 1876)
* Mitrailleuse (French volley/machine gun - 1851)
* Model 1814 common rifle (USA - Rifle - c. 1814)
* Model 1817 common rifle "Deringer" (USA - Rifle - 1817)
* Model 1872 Revolver / Ordonnanzrevolver 1872 (Switzerland - Revolver - c. 1872)
* Modèle 1873 revolver "Chamelot-Delvigne" (France - Revolver - 1873)
* Modèle 1892 revolver "Lebel" (France - Revolver - 1892)
* Mosin–Nagant (Russian Empire - Rifle - 1891)
* Murata rifle (Empire of Japan - Rifle - 1880)

## N

* Nagant M1895 (Belgium/Russian Empire - Revolver - 1895)
* Nordenfelt gun (Sweden - Machine Gun)

## P

* Palmer Model 1865 (USA - Rifle - 1865)
* Pattern 1853 Enfield (UK - Rifle - 1853)
* Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon (UK - Rifle - 1861)
* Pattern 1800 Infantry Rifle (UK - Muzzleloading rifle - 1800)
* Petronel (Arquebus - 16th century)
* Potzdam Muskets (Kingdom of Prussia - Rifle - 1723)

## R

* Rast & Gasser M1898 (Austria-Hungary - Revolver - 1898)
* Remington
* Remington–Keene rifle (USA - Rifle - c.1878)
* Remington-Lee Rifles (USA - Rifle - 1879)
* Remington M1867 (USA/Norway/Sweden - Rifle - 1867)
* Remington Model 1858 (USA - Revolver - 1862)
* Remington Model 1875 (USA - Revolver - 1875)
* Remington Model 1890 (USA - Revolver - 1890)
* Remington Naval Model 1865 Pistol (USA - Pistol - 1866)
* Remington Rider Single Shot Pistol (USA - Pistol - 1860)
* Remington Rolling Block rifle (USA - Rifle - 1860s)
* Remington Zig-Zag Derringer (USA - Pistol - 1861)
* Richmond rifle (CSA - Rifle - 1861)
* Ribauldequin (UK - 1339)

## S

* Savage 1861 Navy (USA - Rifle - 1861)
* Salvator-Dormus M1893 (Austria-Hungary - Heavy Machine Gun - 8×50mmR)
* Salvator Dormus pistol (Austria-Hungary - Pistol 1891/1895)
* San Yan Chong (China - Hand Cannon - 16th century)
* Slocum revolver (US - revolver - 1863/1865)
* Schmidt M1882 (Switzerland - Revolver)
* Schmidt–Rubin rifles (Switzerland - Rifle - 1889/1891)
* Schwarzlose Model 1898 (German Empire - Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1898)
* Sharps Rifle (US - Rifle - 1848)
* Sharps & Hankins Model 1862 Carbine (US - Rifle - 1862)
* Schwarzlose Model 1898 (Austria-Hungary - Pistol - 1898)
* Schönberger-Laumann (Austria-Hungary - Pistol - 1892)
* Smith & Wesson
* Smith & Wesson Model 1 (US - Revolver - 1857)
* Smith & Wesson Model 1 1/2 (US - Revolver - 1865)
* Smith & Wesson Model 2 (US - Revolver - 1876)
* Smith & Wesson No. 3 Revolver (US - Revolver - 1870)
* Schofield Model 3 (US - Revolver - 1875)
* Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army (US - Revolver - 1861)
* Smith & Wesson .38 Hand Ejector Model of 1899 (US - Revolver - 1899)
* Smith & Wesson Model 320 Revolving Rifle (US - Rifle, revolving - 1879)
* Smith & Wesson Safety Hammerless (US - Revolver - 1887)
* Smith carbine (USA - Rifle - 1857)
* Spencer Rifle (US - Rifle - 1860)
* Springfield Armory
* Springfield Model 1795 Musket (US - Rifle - 1795)
* Springfield Model 1816 (US - Rifle - 1816)
* Springfield Model 1842 (US - Rifle - 1844)
* Springfield Model 1855 (US - Rifle - 1855)
* Springfield Model 1861 (US - Rifle - 1861)
* Springfield Model 1863 (US - Rifle - 1863)
* Springfield Model 1865 (US - Rifle - 1865)
* Springfield Model 1866 (US - Rifle - 1866)
* Springfield Model 1868 (US - Rifle - 1868)
* Springfield Model 1871 (US - Rifle - 1871)
* Springfield Model 1873 (US - Rifle - 1873)
* Starr revolver (US - Revolver - c. 1858)

## T

* Tarpley carbine (CSA - Rifle - 1863)
* Tranter revolver (USA - Revolver - c. 1854)
* Tu Huo Qiang (China \- Fire Lance - 1259)
* Type 26 revolver (Empire of Japan - Revolver - 1893)

## V

* Velo-dog (France - Revolver - 1894)
* Vetterli rifle - (Switzerland - Rifle - 1867/1869)
* Volcanic Repeating Arms (US - Rifle & Pistol - 1855-56)

## W

* Walch Revolver (US - Revolver - c. 1858)
* Walker Colt[lower-alpha 2] (US - Revolver -1847)
* Webley Revolver[lower-alpha 3] (UK - Revolver - 1887)
* Whitworth rifle (UK - Rifle - 1857)
* Winchester Repeating Arms Company
* Winchester Hotchkiss (USA - Rifle - 1878)
* Winchester Model 1885 (US - Rifle - 1885)
* Winchester Model 1887 (US - Shotgun - 1887)
* Winchester Model 1890 (US - Rifle - 1890)
* Winchester Model 1897 (US - Shotgun - 1897)
* Winchester rifle series (US - Rifle - first model 1866)
* Model 1866
* Model 1873
* Model 1876
* Model 1886
* Model 1892
* Model 1894
* Model 1895

## X

* Xun Lei Chong (China - Musket/Hand Cannon - 16th century)

## Notes

1. ↑ Was designed by American Hiram Berdan. The first version, manufactured by Colt in the US, is known as model 1868, or Berdan I. The second version/Berdan II was initially produced at Birmingham Small Arms in England. The rifles were later manufactured in large numbers by Russian factories at Tula, Izhevsk, and Sestroretsk.
2. ↑ This revolver was primarily manufactured by Eli Whitney, Jr. at Whitneyville, Connecticut and not Samuel Colt's Patent Arms Company in Paterson, New Jersey.
3. ↑ Mark I to IV, with Mark V adopted in 1913 and the special Webley Mk IV .38/200 Service Revolver designed/adopted in 1932.

## See also

* List of firearms
* List of World War II firearms
* List of pistols
* Antique gun

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