2023

SQL:2023 or ISO/IEC 9075:2023 (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the ninth edition of the ISO (1987) and ANSI (1986) standard for the SQL database query language. It was formally adopted in June 2023.

## Contents

* 1 New features
* 1.1 Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## New features

SQL:2023 includes new and updated features.[1] The changes can be grouped into three main areas:

* Property graph queries, a graph query language built on top of SQL
* The new part 16, “Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)”,[2] has been added to the SQL standard.

* New features related to JSON[3]
* JSON data type (T801)
* Enhanced JSON data type (T802)
* String-based JSON (T803)
* Hex integer literals in SQL/JSON path language (T840)
* SQL/JSON simplified accessor (T860–T864)
* SQL/JSON item methods (T865–T878)
* JSON comparison (T879–T882)

* Various smaller changes to the existing SQL language (all optional features):
* UNIQUE null treatment (F292)
* ORDER BY in grouped table (F868)
* GREATEST and LEAST (T054)
* String padding functions (T055)
* Multi-character TRIM function (T056)
* Optional string types maximum length (T081)
* Enhanced cycle mark values (T133)
* ANY_VALUE (T626)
* Underscores in numeric literals (T662)

### Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)

SQL/PGQ reduces the difference in functionality between relational DBMSs and native graph DBMSs. Basically, this new feature makes it easier to query data in tables as if it were in a graph database, providing a possibly more intuitive alternative to writing complex join queries.[4]

In comparison, the GQL standard for graph DBMSs adds graph updates, querying multiple graphs, and queries that return a graph result rather than a binding table.[5]

## See also

| Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Structured Query Language

|

* SQL/PGQ Property Graph Query
* SQL:2023 reserved words

## References

1. ↑ Eisentraut, Peter (4 April 2023). "SQL:2023 is finished: Here is what's new". https://peter.eisentraut.org/blog/2023/04/04/sql-2023-is-finished-here-is-whats-new.
2. ↑ "Database languages SQL — Part 16: Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)". ISO/IEC 9075-16:2023 Information technology. ISO. 2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/79473.html.
3. ↑ "SQL: 2023 is Released – A Leap Forward in Data Management". Stack diary. 1 June 2023. https://stackdiary.com/sql-2023-is-released/.
4. ↑ Eisentraut 2023.
5. ↑ ten Wolde, Daniel; Singh, Tavneet; Szárnyas, Gábor; Boncz, Peter (8 January 2023). "DuckPGQ: Efficient property graph queries in an analytical RDBMS". IR (NL: CWI). https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/32773. Retrieved 2023-06-02.

## External links

* "SQL:2023" (webshop), Catalogue, ISO, https://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html .
* "ISO Standards Maintenance Portal" (freely downloadable files), Digital artifacts, ISO, https://standards.iso.org/iso-iec/9075 .

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SQL

Versions|

* SQL-86
* SQL-89
* SQL-92
* 1999
* 2003
* 2006
* 2008
* 2011
* 2016

Keywords|

* As
* Case
* Create
* Delete
* From
* Having
* Insert
* Join
* Merge
* Null
* Order by
* Prepare
* Select
* Truncate
* Union
* Update
* Where
* With

Related|

* Edgar Codd
* Relational database

ISO/IEC SQL parts|

* Framework
* Foundation
* Call-Level Interface
* Persistent Stored Modules
* Management of External Data
* Object Language Bindings
* Information and Definition Schemas
* SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language
* XML-Related Specifications

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