Emde degradation

Named after  | Hermann Emde
Reaction type  | Degradation reaction
Identifiers
RSC ontology ID  | RXNO:0000147

The Emde degradation (also called Emde-reaction or Emde-reduction) is a method for the reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam:[1][2][3]

Emde-degradation

This organic reaction was first described in 1909 by the German chemist Hermann Emde and was for a long time of great importance in structure elucidation of many alkaloids, for example that of ephedrine.

Alternative reducing agents exist for this reaction; for instance, lithium aluminium hydride.

## See also

* Related reactions are the Hofmann elimination and the von Braun reaction

## References

1. ↑ Emde, Hermann (1909). "Spaltung quartärer Ammoniumsalze durch nascierenden Wasserstoff". Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 42 (2): 2590–2594. doi:10.1002/cber.190904202169. https://zenodo.org/record/1426345.
2. ↑ Pötsch, W. (1989). Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker. VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig. ISBN 3817110553.
3. ↑ Smith, M. B.; March, J. (2001). March's Advanced Organic Chemistry. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-58589-0.

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