Boron triazide

Names
IUPAC name

Triazidoborane

Other names

Triazidoborane

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 21884-15-1

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 29329370

PubChem CID

* 101089385

InChI

* InChI=1S/BN9/c2-8-5-1(6-9-3)7-10-4

Key: UQZCOUGMLLHWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* B(N=[N+]=[N-])(N=[N+]=[N-])N=[N+]=[N-]

Properties

Chemical formula

| B(N

Molar mass | 136.87 g/mol
Appearance  | colorless crystals
Solubility | soluble in diethyl ether

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Boron triazide, also known as triazidoborane, is a thermally unstable compound of boron and nitrogen with a nitrogen content of 92.1% (by the standard atomic weight). Formally, it is the triazido derivative of borane and is a covalent inorganic azide. The high-energy compound, which has the propensity to undergo spontaneous explosive decomposition, was first described in 1954 by Egon Wiberg and Horst Michaud of the University of Munich.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Properties
* 3 Uses
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading

## Preparation

The first method is by the addition of diborane to a solution of hydrazoic acid in diethyl ether at a temperature range between −20 °C and −10 °C. This synthesis proceeds via the intermediates monoazidoborane, BH

3, and diazidoborane, BH(N

2.[1]

6 \+ 6 HN
3 → 2 B(N

3 \+ 6 H

The compound can also be obtained by passing boron tribromide vapor over solid silver azide in high vacuum.[2]

BBr
3 \+ 3 AgN
3 → B(N

3 \+ 3 AgBr

A similar gas-phase synthesis uses the spontaneous reaction of boron trichloride with hydrazoic acid.[3][4]

BCl
3 \+ 3 HN
3 → B(N

3 \+ 3 HCl

## Properties

The compound forms colorless crystals that are only stable at low temperatures. Above −35 °C, an explosive decomposition may occur.[1] In the gas phase, generated boron triazide decomposes at room temperature within 60 minutes via loss of nitrogen gas to form boron nitrides with formulas BN
3 and BN. These reactions can also be initiated photochemically by UV radiation in the compounds absorption range at about 230 nm.[3][4][5]

B(N

3 → BN
3 \+ 3 N

B(N

3 → BN + 4 N

In contact with water, it undergoes hydrolysis to hydrazoic acid and boron trioxide.[3]

2 B(N

3 \+ 3 H
2O → 6 HN
3 \+ B

Reaction with other azides like sodium azide or lithium azide yields the corresponding tetraazidoborate complexes.[1][6]

B(N

3 \+ NaN
3 → Na[B(N

B(N

3 \+ LiN
3 → Li[B(N

The parent tetraazidoboric acid, H[B(N

4], can be obtained at temperatures lower than −60 °C.[1]

## Uses

Due to the low stability, the compound itself is not used as a high-energy substance. However, the tetraazidoborate derivatives and adducts with bases such as quinoline, pyrazine or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine have potential for this usage.[7] The gas-phase decomposition of the compound is also of interest as a method of coating surfaces with boron nitride.[3]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wiberg, Egon; Michaud, Horst (1954-07-01). "Notizen: Zur Kenntnis eines Bortriazids B(N3)3". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 9 (7): 497–499. doi:10.1515/znb-1954-0715. ISSN 1865-7117.
2. ↑ Liu, Fengyi; Zeng, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Jianping; Meng, Lingpeng; Zheng, Shijun; Ge, Maofa; Wang, Dianxun; Kam Wah Mok, Daniel et al. (2006). "A simple method to generate B(N3)3" (in en). Chemical Physics Letters 419 (1–3): 213–216. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.082. Bibcode: 2006CPL...419..213L. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009261405018129.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mulinax, R. L.; Okin, G. S.; Coombe, R. D. (1995). "Gas Phase Synthesis, Structure, and Dissociation of Boron Triazide" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry 99 (17): 6294–6300. doi:10.1021/j100017a007. ISSN 0022-3654. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/j100017a007.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Al-Jihad, Ismail A.; Liu, Bing; Linnen, Christopher J.; Gilbert, Julanna V. (1998). "Generation of NNBN via Photolysis of B(N 3) 3 in Low-Temperature Argon Matrices: IR Spectra and ab Initio Calculations" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 102 (31): 6220–6226. doi:10.1021/jp9812684. ISSN 1089-5639. Bibcode: 1998JPCA..102.6220A. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp9812684.
5. ↑ Travers, Michael J.; Gilbert, Julanna V. (2000). "UV Absorption Spectra of Intermediates Generated via Photolysis of B(N 3) 3, BCl(N 3) 2, and BCl 2 (N 3) in Low-Temperature Argon Matrices †" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 104 (16): 3780–3785. doi:10.1021/jp993939j. ISSN 1089-5639. Bibcode: 2000JPCA..104.3780T. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp993939j.
6. ↑ Wiberg, Egon; Michaud, Horst (1954-07-01). "Notizen: Zur Kenntnis eines ätherlöslichen Lithiumborazids LiB(N3)4". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 9 (7): 499. doi:10.1515/znb-1954-0716. ISSN 1865-7117.
7. ↑ Fraenk, Wolfgang; Habereder, Tassilo; Hammerl, Anton; Klapötke, Thomas M.; Krumm, Burkhard; Mayer, Peter; Nöth, Heinrich; Warchhold, Marcus (2001). "Highly Energetic Tetraazidoborate Anion and Boron Triazide Adducts †" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 40 (6): 1334–1340. doi:10.1021/ic001119b. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 11300838. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic001119b.

## Further reading

* Fraenk, W.; Klapötke, T. M. (2002). "Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Covalent Main Group Azides.". in Meyer, G.. Inorganic Chemistry Highlights. Wiley-VCH Verlag. pp. 259–265. ISBN 3-527-30265-4.

* v
* t
* e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the azide ion

HN3 |  |  |  | He
LiN3 | Be(N3)2 | B(N3)3 | CH3N3,
C(N3)4 | N(N3)3,H2N—N3 | O  | FN3 | Ne
NaN3 | Mg(N3)2 | Al(N3)3 | Si(N3)4 | P  | SO2(N3)2 | ClN3 | Ar
KN3 | Ca(N3)2 | Sc(N3)3 | Ti(N3)4 | VO(N3)3 | Cr(N3)3,
CrO2(N3)2 | Mn(N3)2 | Fe(N3)3 | Co(N3)2,
Co(N3)3 | Ni(N3)2 | CuN3,
Cu(N3)2 | Zn(N3)2 | Ga(N3)3 | Ge  | As  | Se(N3)4 | BrN3 | Kr
RbN3 | Sr(N3)2 | Y  | Zr(N3)4 | Nb  | Mo  | Tc  | Ru(N3)63− | Rh(N3)63− | Pd(N3)2 | AgN3 | Cd(N3)2 | In  | Sn  | Sb  | Te  | IN3 | Xe(N3)2
CsN3 | Ba(N3)2 |  | Hf  | Ta  | W  | Re  | Os  | Ir(N3)63− | Pt(N3)62− | Au(N3)4− | Hg2(N3)2,
Hg(N3)2 | TlN3 | Pb(N3)2 | Bi(N3)3
| Po  | At  | Rn
Fr  | Ra(N3)2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
La  | Ce(N3)3,
Ce(N3)4 | Pr  | Nd  | Pm  | Sm  | Eu  | Gd(N3)3 | Tb  | Dy  | Ho  | Er  | Tm  | Yb  | Lu
Ac  | Th  | Pa  | UO2(N3)2 | Np  | Pu  | Am  | Cm  | Bk  | Cf  | Es  | Fm  | Md  | No  | Lr

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