Dolby

Dolby Laboratories, Inc.

Headquarters in San Francisco, California

Type| Public

Traded as

* NYSE: DLB (Class A)
* S&P 400 component

Industry|

* Audio encoding/compression
* Audio noise reduction

Founded| May 18, 1965; 61 years ago (1965-05-18) in London, England
Founder| Ray Dolby
Headquarters|

Civic Center, San Francisco, California

U.S.

Number of locations

| 30+ (2015)

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

* Peter Gotcher
* (executive chairman)
* Kevin Yeaman
* (president and CEO)

Products| see Technologies

* Organizations
* Dolby Digital
* Brands
* Dolby Atmos
* Dolby Surround/Pro Logic/Pro Logic II
* Dolby SR
* Dolby Stereo
* Dolby Surround 7.1
* Dolby noise-reduction system

Services| Dolby Cinema
Revenue|  US$1.35 billion (2025)

Operating income

|  US$265 million (2025)

Net income

|  US$255 million (2025)
Total assets|  US$3.23 billion (2025)
Total equity|  US$2.62 billion (2025)

Number of employees

| 2,051 (2025)
Website| dolby.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2][3]

Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (Dolby Labs or simply Dolby) is an American technology corporation specializing in audio noise reduction, audio encoding/compression, spatial audio, and high-dynamic-range television (HDR) imaging. Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers.[4] Dolby is best known for their audio encoding format, Dolby Digital, which popularized the use of surround sound in media.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Technologies
* 2.1 Analog audio noise reduction
* 2.2 Audio encoding/compression
* 2.3 Audio processing
* 2.4 Video processing
* 2.5 Digital cinema
* 2.6 Live sound
* 3 Dolby matrix surround systems
* 4 Dolby discrete surround systems
* 5 ATSC controversy
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

Dolby Labs was founded by Ray Dolby (1933–2013) in London, England, in 1965.[5] In the same year, he invented the Dolby Noise Reduction system, a form of audio signal processing for reducing the background hissing sound on cassette tape recordings.[6] His first U.S. patent on the technology was filed in 1969, four years later. The method was first used by Decca Records in the UK.[7] After this, other companies began purchasing Dolby's A301 technology, which was the professional noise reduction system used in recording, motion picture, broadcasting stations and communications networks.[6] These companies include BBC, Pye, IBC, CBS Studios, RCA, and Granada.[8]

He moved the company headquarters to the United States (San Francisco, California) in 1976.[9] The first product Dolby Labs produced was the Dolby 301 unit which incorporated Type A Dolby Noise Reduction, a compander-based noise reduction system.[8] These units were intended for use in professional recording studios.

Dolby was persuaded by Henry Kloss of KLH to manufacture a consumer version of his noise reduction. Dolby continued to work on companding systems and introduced Type B in 1968.

Upon investigation, Dolby found that many of the limitations in optical sound stemmed directly from its significantly high background noise. To filter this noise, the high-frequency response of theatre playback systems was deliberately curtailed… To make matters worse, to increase dialogue intelligibility over such systems, sound mixers were recording soundtracks with so much high-frequency pre-emphasis that high distortion resulted.

The first film with Dolby sound was A Clockwork Orange (1971). The company was approached by Stanley Kubrick, who wanted to use Dolby's noise reduction system to facilitate the film's extensive mixing.[10] The film went on to use Dolby noise reduction on all pre-mixes and masters, but a conventional optical soundtrack on release prints. Callan (1974) was the first film with a Dolby-encoded optical soundtrack.[11] In 1975, Dolby released Dolby Stereo, which included a noise reduction system in addition to more audio channels (Dolby Stereo could actually contain additional center and surround channels matrixed from the left and right). The first film with a Dolby-encoded stereo optical soundtrack was Lisztomania (1975), although this only used an LCR (Left-Center-Right) encoding technique. The first true LCRS (Left-Center-Right-Surround) soundtrack was encoded on the movie A Star Is Born in 1976. In less than ten years, 6,000 cinemas worldwide were equipped to use Dolby Stereo sound. Dolby reworked the system slightly for home use and introduced Dolby Surround, which only extracted a surround channel, and the more impressive Dolby Pro Logic, which was the domestic equivalent of the theatrical Dolby Stereo.[12] In 2005, Dolby's stereo 4-channel optical theater surround was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame, an honor given to "products and innovations that have had an enduring impact on the development of audio technology."[13]

On February 17, 2005, the company became public, offering its shares on the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol DLB.[14] On March 15, 2005, Dolby celebrated its 40th anniversary at the ShoWest 2005 Festival in San Francisco.

On January 8, 2007, Dolby announced the arrival of Dolby Volume at the International Consumer Electronics Show.[15]

On June 18, 2010, Dolby introduced Dolby Surround 7.1, which added two rear surround channels to the 5.1 format. The first film to be released in this format was Pixar's Toy Story 3.

In April 2012, Dolby introduced Dolby Atmos, a new cinema technology adding overhead sound, first applied in Pixar's motion picture Brave.[16] In the same year, Dolby bought the naming rights of Hollywood's Dolby Theatre, the venue of the annual Academy Awards ceremony.[17] In July 2014, Dolby Laboratories announced plans to bring Atmos to home theater. The first television show to use the technology on disc was Game of Thrones.

On February 24, 2014, Dolby acquired Doremi Labs for $92.5 million in cash plus an additional $20 million in contingent consideration that may be earned over a four-year period.[18]

In May 2015, Dolby reopened the Vine Theatre, Hollywood as a 70-seat showcase theater, known as Dolby @ Vine or Dolby Screening Room Hollywood Vine.[19][20][21]

In May 2019, Dolby added Dolby Atmos to hundreds of newer songs in the music industry.[22]

In May 2020, Dolby launched a developer platform, Dolby.io, aimed at providing developers self-service access to Dolby technologies through public APIs. It allows any person, organization, small and big, to integrate in their websites, apps, games, etc. features such as media enhancements and transcoding, spatial audio, high-quality video communication and low-latency streaming.[23]

In May 2025, BBC Radio 4 broadcast Surrounded by Sound: Ray Dolby and the Art of Noise Reduction to mark Dolby Laboratories' 60th anniversary. This included interviews with his widow Dagmar and two of the first Dolby sound engineers, David Robinson and Ioan Allen (who still worked at the company), and Crimson Tide and Armageddon sound designer Midge Costin. A version of the programme was made in binaural sound.[24]

## Technologies

### Analog audio noise reduction

* Dolby A: professional noise reduction systems for analog reel-to-reel tape and cassettes.
* Dolby NR/B/C/S: consumer noise reduction systems for tapes and analog cassettes.
* Dolby SR (Spectral Recording): professional four-channel noise reduction system in use since 1986, which improves the dynamic range of analog recordings and transmissions by as much as 25 dB. Dolby SR is utilized by recording and post-production engineers, broadcasters, and other audio professionals. It is also the benchmark in analog film sound, being included today on nearly all 35 mm film prints. On films with digital soundtracks, the SR track is used in cinemas not equipped for digital playback, and it serves as a backup in case of problems with the digital track.
* Dolby FM: noise reduction system for FM broadcast radio. Dolby FM was tried by a few radio stations starting with WFMT in 1971. It used Dolby B, combined with 25 microsecond pre-emphasis. A small number of models of tuners and receivers were offered with the necessary decoder built in. In addition, a few cassette deck models appeared that allowed the deck's internal Dolby B decoder to be put in the line level pass-through path, permitting its use with Dolby FM broadcasts. The system was not successful and was on the decline by 1974.
* Dolby HX Pro: single-ended system used on high-end tape recorders to increase headroom. The recording bias is lowered as the high-frequency component of the signal being recorded increases, and vice versa. It does nothing to the actual audio that is being recorded, and it does not require a special decoder. Any HX Pro recorded tape will have, in theory, better sound on any deck.
* Dolby Advanced Audio: Dolby surround sound, locking preferred volume level, optimizes audio performance for specific PC models and lets turning up the volume to the built-in speakers without distorting the sound.[25]

### Audio encoding/compression

* Dolby Surround
* Dolby Digital (also known as AC-3) is a lossy audio compression format. It supports channel configurations from mono up to six discrete channels (referred to as "5.1"). This format first allowed and popularized surround sound. It was first developed for movie theater sound and spread to LaserDisc and DVD. It has been adopted in many broadcast formats including all North American digital television (ATSC), DVB-T, direct broadcast satellite, cable television, DTMB, IPTV, and surround sound radio services. It is also part of both the Blu-ray and the now-defunct HD DVD standards. Dolby Digital is used to enable surround sound output by most video game consoles. Several personal computers support converting all audio to Dolby Digital for output.
* Dolby Digital EX: introduces a matrix-encoded center rear surround channel to Dolby Digital for 6.1 channel output.[26] This center-rear channel is often split to two rear back speakers for 7.1 channel output.
* Dolby Digital Plus (also known as E-AC-3) is a lossy audio codec based on Dolby Digital that is backward compatible, but more advanced. The DVD Forum has selected Dolby Digital Plus as a standard audio format for HD DVD video. It supports data rates up to 6 Mbit/s, an increase from Dolby Digital's 640 kbit/s maximum. On Blu-ray, Dolby Digital Plus is implemented differently, as a legacy 640 kbit/s Dolby Digital stream plus an additional stream to expand the surround sound, with a total bandwidth of approximately 1.7 Mbit/s. Dolby Digital Plus is also optimized for limited data-rate environments such as Digital broadcasting.
* Dolby Digital Live is a real-time hardware encoding technology for interactive media such as video games. It converts any audio signals on a PC or game console into the 5.1-channel Dolby Digital format and transports it via a single S/PDIF cable.[27] A similar technology known as DTS Connect is available from competitor DTS.
* Dolby E selected hardware Dolby E: professional coding system optimized for the distribution of surround and multichannel audio through digital two-channel post-production and broadcasting infrastructures, or for recording surround audio on two audio tracks of conventional digital video tapes, video servers, communication links, switchers, and routers. The Dolby E signal does not reach viewers at home. It is transcoded to Dolby Digital at a lower data rate for final DTV transmission.
* Dolby Stereo (also known as Stereo A): original analog optical technology developed for 35 mm prints and is encoded with four sound channels: Left/Center/Right (which are located behind the screen) and Surround (which is heard over speakers on the sides and rear of the theatre) for ambient sound and special effects. This technology also employs A-type or SR-type noise reduction, listed above with regards to analog cassette tapes. See also Dolby Surround
* Dolby TrueHD: Offers bit-for-bit sound reproduction identical to the studio master. Over seven full-range 24-bit/96 kHz discrete channels are supported (plus an LFE channel, making it 7.1 surround) along with the HDMI interface. Theoretically, Dolby TrueHD can support more channels, but this number has been limited to 8 for HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
* Dolby Pulse: released in 2009, it is identical to the HE-AAC v2 codec except for the addition of Dolby metadata, which is common for Dolby's other digital audio codecs. This metadata "ensures consistency of broadcast quality."[28]
* Dolby AC-4 is a lossy audio compression format that can contain audio channels and/or audio objects.
* Dolby Atmos is a suite of technologies for immersive audio having both horizontal and vertical sound placement, using a combination of channel and object-based mixing and delivery. It was first introduced in cinemas with Brave. The first game released with Dolby Atmos audio was Star Wars Battlefront. The means of delivering the channels and objects differ given the technical limitations across different media, and the target platform. Dolby Atmos is not a codec; on the consumer market, pre-recorded Dolby Atmos is delivered as an extension to a Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Digital Plus, or Dolby AC-4 stream.

### Audio processing

Dolby system A-type decoder

* Dolby Headphone: an implementation of virtual surround, simulating 5.1 surround sound in a standard pair of stereo headphones.[29]
* Dolby Virtual Speaker: simulates 5.1 surround sound in a setup of two standard stereo speakers.[29]
* Dolby Surround, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Pro Logic II, Dolby Pro Logic IIx, and Dolby Pro Logic IIz: these decoders expand sound to a greater number of channels. All can decode surround sound that has been matrixed into two channels; some can expand surround sound to a greater number of speakers than the original source material. See the referenced articles for more details on each decoder.
* Audistry: sound enhancement technologies.[30]
* Dolby Volume: reduces volume level changes.[31]
* Dolby Mobile: A version of Dolby's surround sound technology specifically designed for mobile phones, notably the HTC Desire HD, LG Arena and LG Renoir.
* Dolby Audio Plug-in for Android: An API packaged as a Java Library that allows Android Developers to take advantage of Dolby Digital Plus Technology embedded into mobile and tablet devices, notably the Fire HD, Fire HDX, and Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 series.
* Dolby Voice: Hardware and software products for enterprise-level web conferencing.[32]

### Video processing

* Dolby Contrast provides enhanced image contrast to LCD screens with LED backlight units by means of local dimming.[33]
* Perceptual Quantizer (PQ),[34] published by SMPTE as SMPTE ST 2084, is a transfer function that allows for the display of high dynamic range (HDR) video with a luminance level of up to 10,000 cd/m2 and can be used with the Rec. 2020 color space.[35][36][37][38] On August 27, 2015, the Consumer Electronics Association announced the HDR10 Media Profile which uses the Rec. 2020 color space, SMPTE ST 2084, and a bit depth of 10-bits.[39] On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the Windows 10 Anniversary Update, which supports the HDR10 format with PQ (ST 2084) transfer function and Rec.2020 color space.[40]
* Dolby Vision is a content mastering and delivery format similar to the HDR10 media profile. It supports both high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (ITU-R Rec. 2020 and 2100) at all stages from content creation and production to transmission and playback. Dolby Vision includes the Perceptual Quantizier (SMPTE ST-2084) electro-optical transfer function and supports displays with up to 10,000-nit maximum brightness (4,000-nit in practice). It also provides up to 8K resolution and color depth of up to 12-bits (backwards compatible with current 8-bit and 10-bit displays).[41] Dolby Vision can encode mastering display colorimetry information using static metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) and dynamic metadata (SMPTE ST 2094–10, Dolby format) for each scene or frame of a video.[42] Examples of Ultra HD (UHD) Dolby Vision are available in TV, monitor, mobile devices and theater. Dolby Vision content can be delivered on Ultra HD Blu-ray discs,[43][44] over conventional broadcasting, OTT, and online streaming media services.[45] Dolby Vision metadata can be carried via HDMI interface versions 1.4b and above.[46] It also supports IPTPQc2 color space, that is similar to ICtCp. Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the brightness of the room.[47]
* ICtCp provides an improved color representation that is designed for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG).[48] An improved constant luminance is an advantage for color processing operations such as chroma subsampling and gamut mapping where only color information is changed.[48] ICtCp is based on a modification of IPT called ICaCb.[49]

### Digital cinema

Dolby Laboratories Screening Rooms in Burbank, California

* Dolby Digital Cinema[50]
* Dolby Surround 7.1,[51] first introduced theatrically with Toy Story 3, in 2010.
* Dolby 3D[52]
* Dolby Atmos[53]
* Dolby Cinema, a premium cinema concept developed by Dolby Laboratories as a direct competitor to IMAX.[54]

### Live sound

* Dolby Lake Processor[55] \- as of 2009, all Lake products are owned by Lab Gruppen.[56]

Over the years Dolby has introduced several surround sound systems. Their differences are explained below.

## Dolby matrix surround systems

Decoder | Encoder | Year | Description | Channels

|
|
|
|

Dolby Stereo | Dolby MP Matrix | 1975 | Cinema use with optical technology. Uses Dolby A for noise reduction. 4:2 encoded for 35mm film and 2:4 decoded back to 4.0 by Dolby Stereo Processor. Discrete Magnetic 6-Track variant for 70mm. | FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed
Dolby Surround  | " | 1982 | Consumer Variant of Dolby Stereo. Original Decoder utilized a simple passive L-R Circuit with Delay and Phantom Center for 3-Channel Decoding. | FL FR and MonoSurround matrixed
Dolby Stereo SR  | Dolby MP Matrix | 1986 | Addition of Dolby SR Noise Reduction to Dolby Stereo for Enhanced Fidelity and Dynamic Range. | FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed
Dolby Pro Logic | " | 1986 Modern
1987 | Reference Active Matrix 2:4 Decoder (Cat No. 150) for Dolby Stereo and Dolby Surround. Accurately Decodes Lt/Rt to Recover the LCRS 4.0 Surround. | FL FR with C and MonoSurround matrixed
Dolby Pro Logic II  | N/A | 2000 | Upmixes non-Encoded Stereo to Surround 5.1. Can also be used to decode Dolby Surround for 5.1 Playback. Consumer Decoders often include specific Movie, Music, or Game modes. | FL FR C SL SR SUB
Dolby Pro Logic IIx  | N/A | 2002 | Extension to PLII. Enhancement of either Stereo, Dolby Surround, Dolby Digital 5.1 to 6.1 or 7.1. Decodes Dolby Digital EX to 6.1 or 7.1. Retains Movie, Music, or Game modes in Consumer Products. | FL FR C SL SR SUB Left Back and Right Back
Dolby Pro Logic IIz  | N/A | 2009 | Extension to PLIIx. Decodes Stereo, Dolby Surround or Discrete 5.1/6.1/7.1 to 7.1 Height or Full 9.1 with the addition of Front Height Channels. Last Pro Logic Branded Decoder from Dolby.  | L, C, R, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), LFE, Lvh and Rvh
Dolby Surround (2014)  | N/A | 2014 | Dolby reintroduced the Dolby Surround terminology in 2014. The term now refers to a new frequency-domain decoder/upmixer. Dolby Surround is a complete replacement for Pro Logic; it takes in stereo (discrete or matrixed), 5.1 and 7.1 inputs to play over a wide range of output configurations including those with height channels.

## Dolby discrete surround systems

Format | Core Codec | Year | Description | Channels

|
|
|
|

Dolby Digital | AC-3 | 1986 Modern
1992 Film
1995 Laser Disc | Discrete channel encoder/decoder. Stereo output can be generated from the 5 program channels using Pro Logic encoding. This allows systems that are limited to stereo output to carry surround sound. | L R C Ls Rs LFE
Dolby Digital Surround EX | AC-3 | 1999 | 6.1 or 7.1 Surround via Matrix Encoding of Ls/Rs Channels in 5.1. Remains backwards compatible with standard 5.1 digital. | L R C Ls Rs LFE.

Matrix decoding can derive Cs (mono surround) or Lrs, Rrs (stereo surrounds) from the Ls and Rs signals

Dolby TrueHD | MLP | 2006 | Lossless compression codec; supports 44.1 kHz to 192 kHz sampling frequency up to 24-bit word length; supports variable data rate up to 18 Mbit/s; maximum channel support is 16 channels as presently deployed. Higher bitrate than Dolby Digital Plus. Blu-ray Disc channel support up to eight channels of 96 kHz/24-bit audio; six channels (5.1) up to 192 kHz/24-bit; and two- to six-channel support up to 192 kHz/24-bit maximum bit rate up to the maximum of 18 Mbit/s. | \--  | Dolby Digital Plus | Enhanced AC-3 | 2006 | Lossy compression codec; 48 kHz sampling frequency, 20-bit word length; supports data rates of 32 kbit/s – 6 Mbit/s, scalable, including 768 kbit/s – 1.5 Mbit/s on high-definition optical discs, typically, and 256 kbit/s for broadcast and online. 1.0- to 7.1-channel support for current media applications; extensible to 16 channels; discrete. Backward compatible with Dolby Digital through S/PDIF connection up to 640 kbit/s. Supports Dolby Metadata. | L R C Lss Rss LFE Lrs Rrs
Dolby Surround 7.1 | N/A | 2010 | New sound format for cinema soundtracks that adds two additional surround channels.  | L, C, R, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), LFE
Dolby Atmos | Cinema: SSLAC. Consumer: Dolby Digital Plus-JOC, MLP, AC-4. | 2012 | Expands on existing surround sound formats by adding top surround channels and audio objects. Each audio object consists of a mono audio signal plus metadata that describes the sound location, size, and other rendering control parameters. An object renderer is used to convert the audio objects to output channel signals. The use of audio objects allows a sound to be described independently of any specific loudspeaker configuration. For cinema distribution, all audio is losslessly encoded as PCM or SSLAC (Samplerate Scalable Lossless Audio Coding).  | Cinema soundtrack channels:

L, R, C, LFE, Lss, Rss (side surrounds), Lrs, Rrs (rear surrounds), Lts, Rts (top surrounds). Note: the number and intended location of _output_ channels is defined at playback based on the available loudspeakers.

## ATSC controversy

Dolby Digital AC-3 is used as the audio codec for the ATSC standards, though it was standardized as A/52 by the ATSC. It allows the transport of up to five channels of sound with a sixth channel for low-frequency effects (the so-called "5.1" configuration). In contrast, Japanese ISDB HDTV broadcasts use MPEG's Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) as the audio codec, which also allows 5.1 audio output. DVB allows both.

MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the "Grand Alliance" shootout, but lost out to Dolby AC-3. The Grand Alliance issued a statement finding the MPEG-2 system to be "essentially equivalent" to Dolby, but only after the Dolby selection had been made. Later, a story emerged that MIT had entered into an agreement with Dolby whereupon the university would be awarded a large sum of money if the MPEG-2 system was rejected. Dolby also offered an incentive for Zenith to switch their vote (which they did); however, it is unknown whether they accepted the offer.[57]

## See also

* CX (analog noise reduction competitor)
* dbx (analog noise reduction competitor)
* High Com (analog noise reduction competitor)
* DTS (digital soundspace competitor)
* Meridian Lossless Packing (lossless coding for DVD-Audio)
* SRS Labs (surround sound competitor)
* Beats Audio (digital soundspace competitor)
* Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (digital soundspace competitor)
* Dolby Theatre
* THX
* On Air (streaming service) (Live Dolby Vision & Dolby Atmos concerts)

## References

1. ↑ "US SEC: 2025 Form 10-K Dolby Laboratories, Inc.". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 18 November 2025. https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1308547/000130854725000007/dlb-20250926.htm.
2. ↑ "Dolby Laboratories – Sound Technology, Imaging Technology, Voice Technology". Audistry.com. http://www.audistry.com/.
3. ↑ "ViaLicensing". ViaLicensing. http://vialicensing.com.
4. ↑ "Understanding the differences between domestic, international, and global companies". https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/trading-investing/fundamental-analysis/domestic-international-global-companies=2023-04-21.
5. ↑ Welch, Rosanne; Lamphier, Peg A. (2019) (in en). Technical Innovation in American History: An Encyclopedia of Science and Technology [3 volumes]. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 47. ISBN 978-1-61069-094-2.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Dolby System's Acceptance Builds Insurmountable Lead". Billboard 63 (48): 23. November 27, 1971. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1971/BB-1971-11-27.pdf#page=23.
7. ↑ Williamson, Marcus (13 September 2013). "Ray Dolby obituary: Inventor whose noise-reduction technology transformed sound reproduction". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mukharji, Aroop (2016) (in en). Diplomas and Diplomacy: The History of the Marshall Scholarship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 122. ISBN 978-1-137-59428-0.
9. ↑ "50 Years of Innovation – Dolby History". Dolby Laboratories. https://www.dolby.com/us/en/about/history.html.
10. ↑ Beck, Jay (2016) (in en). Designing Sound: Audiovisual Aesthetics in 1970s American Cinema. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. pp. 166. ISBN 978-0-8135-6413-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=iPrICwAAQBAJ&dq=dolby+sound+clockwork+orange&pg=PA166.
11. ↑ Sergi, Gianluca (2004). The Dolby Era: Film Sound in Contemporary Hollywood. Manchester University Press. p. 46. ISBN 0719070678. https://books.google.com/books?id=Lt3SYLXBJOAC&q=Callan.
12. ↑ Konow, David (21 March 2014). "Star Wars and the Explosion of Dolby Stereo". https://www.tested.com/starwars/460476-star-wars-and-explosion-dolby-stereo/.
13. ↑ "TECnology Hall of Fame, 2005". 2005. http://legacy.tecawards.org/tec/05TECnologyHOFdetails.html.
14. ↑ "Dolby Labs Raises $495 Million in Initial Public Offering". The New York Times. Bloomberg News. February 17, 2005. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/17/technology/dolby-labs-raises-495-million-in-initial-public-offering.html?eafs_enabled=false.
15. ↑ Jacqui Cheng (18 January 2007). "Dolby to turn volume down on loud commercials". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/01/8654/.
16. ↑ "Pixar's Brave to debut new Dolby Atmos sound system". BBC News (BBC). 25 April 2012. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-17840821.
17. ↑ "Oscars' home renamed Dolby Theatre". May 1, 2012. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57425417/oscars-home-renamed-dolby-theatre/.
18. ↑ "Dolby Signs Agreement to Acquire Doremi Labs". Dolby.com. 2014-02-24. http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=827738.
19. ↑ "Vine Theatre" (in en). https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/431. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
20. ↑ Mike Hume. "Hollywood Boulevard Entertainment District" (in en). https://www.historictheatrephotos.com/Theatre/Hollywood-Entertainment-District-Los-Angeles.aspx. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
21. ↑ "Dolby screening room Hollywood Vine" (in en). Dolby Laboratories, Inc.. https://professional.dolby.com/contact-us/dolby-screening-room-vine/. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
22. ↑ Chris Eggersten (23 May 2019). "Universal Music Group Looks to the Future of Sound Mixing With Dolby Atmos". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/pro/universal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing/.
23. ↑ Frederic Lardinois (12 May 2020). "Dolby launches Dolby.io, its new self-service developer platform". https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/12/dolby-launches-dolby-io-its-new-self-service-developer-platform/.
24. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - Artworks, Surrounded by Sound: Ray Dolby and the Art of Noise Reduction (Binaural Version)" (in en-GB). https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002bswq.
25. ↑ "Dolby Advanced Audio v2". http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-advanced-audio-v2.html.
26. ↑ "Dolby Digital EX". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-ex.html.
27. ↑ "Dolby Digital Live". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-live.html.
28. ↑ "Dolby Pulse - combining the merits of Dolby Digital and HE-AAC". http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Dolby Headphone with 5.1 Surround Sound Stereo". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/enhancement/dolby-headphone.html.
30. ↑ "Dolby Laboratories - Sound Technology, Imaging Technology, Voice Technology". Audistry.com. http://www.audistry.com/files/audistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf.
31. ↑ "Dolby Volume". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/volume/dolby-volume.html.
32. ↑ "Dolby Voice Overview" (in en). https://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-voice.html.
33. ↑ "Dolby Debuts New Video Technologies at International CES 2008". Dolby press release. http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=284934.
34. ↑ An Introduction to Dolby Vision. Dolby Laboratories. 2016. https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-whitepaper-an-introduction-to-dolby-vision.pdf.
35. ↑ Adam Wilt (2014-02-20). "HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4". DV Info Net. http://www.dvinfo.net/article/trip_reports/hpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html.
36. ↑ "ST 2084:2014". Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. http://standards.smpte.org/content/978-1-61482-829-7/st-2084-2014/SEC1.
37. ↑ Chris Tribbey (2015-07-10). "HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet". MESA. http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/.
38. ↑ Bryant Frazer (2015-06-09). "Colorist Stephen Nakamura on Grading Tomorrowland in HDR". studiodaily. http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/.
39. ↑ Rachel Cericola (2015-08-27). "What Makes a TV HDR-Compatible? The CEA Sets Guidelines". Big Picture Big Sound. http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/What-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml.
40. ↑ "High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut (Windows)". https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt742103(v=vs.85).aspx.
41. ↑ Dolby Laboratories. "Dolby Vision". http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf.
42. ↑ "SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata". Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf.
43. ↑ Caleb Denison (2016-01-28). "Ultra HD Blu-ray arrives March 2016; here's everything we know". Digital Trends. http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/.
44. ↑ Michael S. Palmer (2016-02-10). "Hands On First Look: Samsung UBD-K8500 Ultra HD Blu-ray Player". High-Def Digest. http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Samsung/ultra-hd-bluray/4K/UHD/hdr/hands-on-first-look-samsung-ubdk8500-ultra-hd-bluray-player/29748.
45. ↑ "Dolby Vision". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision.html.
46. ↑ "Dolby Vision FAQ". http://yoeri.geutskens.com/blog/dolby-vision-faq.html#HDMI-version.
47. ↑ January 2020, Becky Roberts 22. "Dolby Vision IQ: everything you need to know" (in en). https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "ICtCp Dolby White Paper". Dolby. http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf.
49. ↑ Jan Froehlich; Timo Kunkel; Robin Atkins; Jaclyn Pytlarz; Scott Daly; Andreas Schilling; Bernd Eberhardt (2015-10-18). "Encoding Color Difference Signals for High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Imagery". Society for Imaging Sciences and Technology. https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/~froehlichj/ICaCb/CIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf.
50. ↑ "Dolby Digital Cinema". Dolby.com. http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/cinema/dolby-digital-cinema.html.
51. ↑ "Dolby Surround 7.1". Dolby.com. https://professional.dolby.com/tv/dolby-surround-7.1/.
52. ↑ Dolby 3D Movie Technology . professional.Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
53. ↑ Content Creators, Distributors, Exhibitors: Introducing Dolby Atmos™ . Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
54. ↑ Dolby Cinema the Total Cinema Experience. Dolby.com Retrieved on 2014-12-17.
55. ↑ "Dolby Lake Processor". http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/dolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf.
56. ↑ "About Lake". http://labgruppen.com/about/about-lake.
57. ↑ Keith J. Winsteln (November 8, 2002), "MIT Getting Millions For Digital TV Deal", The Tech (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), http://tech.mit.edu/V122/PDF/N54.pdf

## External links

* Official website
* Business data for Dolby Laboratories, Inc.:

* Google Finance
* Yahoo! Finance
* Reuters
* SEC filings

* Dolby companies grouped at OpenCorporates

* v
* t
* e

Dolby Laboratories

Technologies and products|

* Dolby Atmos
* Dialnorm
* Dolby 3D
* Dolby Cinema
* Dolby Digital
* Dolby Digital Plus
* Dolby E
* Dolby Headphone
* Dolby noise-reduction system
* Dolby Surround/Pro Logic/Pro Logic II
* Dolby SR
* Dolby Stereo
* Dolby Surround 7.1
* Dolby TrueHD
* Dolby Vision

Doremi Labs|

* CineAsset
* CineExport
* CinePlayer

People|

* Ray Dolby

Other|

* Dolby Theatre

* v
* t
* e

S&P 400 companies

Energy|

* Antero Midstream
* Antero Resources
* Chord Energy
* CNX Resources
* DT Midstream
* HF Sinclair
* Matador Resources
* Murphy Oil
* NOV Inc.
* Ovintiv
* PBF Energy
* Permian Resources
* Range Resources
* TechnipFMC
* Valaris Limited
* Viper Energy
* Weatherford International

Materials|

* Alcoa
* AptarGroup
* Ashland Global
* Avient
* Axalta
* Cabot Corp
* Carpenter Technology
* Cleveland-Cliffs
* Commercial Metals
* Crown Holdings
* Eagle Materials
* Graphic Packaging
* Greif, Inc.
* Hecla Mining
* Knife River Corporation
* Louisiana-Pacific
* MP Materials
* NewMarket Corporation
* Olin
* Reliance
* Royal Gold
* RPM International
* Scotts Miracle-Gro Company
* Silgan Holdings
* Sonoco
* Westlake

Industrials|

* AAON
* Acuity Brands
* Advanced Drainage Systems
* AECOM
* AeroVironment
* AGCO
* Alaska Air Group
* American Airlines Group
* APi Group
* Applied Industrial Technologies
* ASGN Inc.
* ATI Inc.
* Avis Budget Group
* Booz Allen Hamilton
* Brink's
* BWX Technologies
* CACI International
* Carlisle Companies
* Chart Industries
* Clean Harbors
* CNH Industrial
* Concentrix
* Core & Main
* Crane
* Curtiss-Wright
* Donaldson
* Dycom Industries
* EnerSys
* ESAB
* EXL Service
* Exponent, Inc.
* Flowserve
* Fluor
* Fortune Brands Innovations
* FTI Consulting
* GATX
* Genpact
* Graco
* GXO Logistics
* Hexcel
* ITT
* KBR
* Kirby
* Knight-Swift
* Kratos Defense & Security Solutions
* Landstar System
* Lincoln Electric
* MasTec
* Maximus Inc.
* Middleby
* MSA Safety
* MSC Industrial Direct
* Mueller Industries
* Nextpower
* nVent Electric
* Oshkosh
* Owens Corning
* Parsons
* Paylocity
* RB Global
* RBC Bearings
* Regal Rexnord
* Ryder
* Saia
* Science Applications Intl Corp
* Sensata Technologies
* Simpson Manufacturing Company
* SPX Corporation
* StandardAero
* Sterling Infrastructure
* Terex
* Tetra Tech
* Timken
* The Toro Company
* TransUnion
* Trex
* UFP Industries
* UL Solutions
* Valmont
* Watsco
* Watts Water Technologies
* WESCO International
* Woodward
* XPO, Inc.

Consumer
discretionary|

* Abercrombie & Fitch
* Aramark
* Autoliv
* AutoNation
* Bath & Body Works, Inc.
* BorgWarner
* Boyd Gaming
* Brunswick
* Burlington Stores
* Capri Holdings
* Cava Group
* Chewy
* Choice Hotels
* Churchill Downs Inc.
* Columbia Sportswear
* Crocs
* Dick's Sporting Goods
* Duolingo
* Dutch Bros Inc.
* Five Below
* Floor & Decor
* GameStop
* Gap
* Gentex
* Goodyear Tire & Rubber
* Graham Holdings
* Grand Canyon Education
* H&R Block
* Harley-Davidson
* Hilton Grand Vacations
* Hyatt
* KB Home
* Lear
* Lithia Motors
* Macy's
* Mattel
* Murphy USA
* Ollie's Bargain Outlet
* Penske Automotive Group
* Planet Fitness
* Polaris
* PVH
* RH
* Service Corp Intl
* Somnigroup International
* Taylor Morrison
* Texas Roadhouse
* Thor Industries
* Toll Brothers
* TopBuild Corp.
* Travel + Leisure Co.
* Vail Resorts
* Valvoline
* VF Corporation
* Visteon
* Whirlpool
* Wingstop
* Wyndham Hotels & Resorts
* Yeti Holdings

Consumer
staples|

* Albertsons
* BellRing Brands
* BJ's Wholesale Club
* Boston Beer Company
* Casey's General Stores
* Celsius Holdings
* Coca-Cola Consolidated
* Coty
* Darling Ingredients
* e.l.f. Beauty
* Flowers Foods
* Ingredion
* Lancaster Colony Corp
* Maplebear Inc.
* Performance Food Group
* Pilgrim's Pride
* Post Holdings
* Sprouts Farmers Market
* US Foods

Health Care|

* Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals
* Avantor
* Bio-Rad Laboratories
* BioMarin Pharmaceutical
* Bruker
* Chemed Corp.
* Cytokinetics
* Dentsply Sirona
* Doximity
* Elanco
* Encompass Health
* Ensign Group
* Envista Holdings
* Exelixis
* Globus Medical
* Haemonetics
* Halozyme
* HealthEquity
* Hims & Hers Health
* Illumina
* Jazz Pharmaceuticals
* Lantheus Holdings
* LivaNova
* Masimo
* Medpace
* Neurocrine Biosciences
* Option Care Health
* Penumbra
* Repligen
* Roivant Sciences
* Sotera Health
* Tenet Healthcare
* United Therapeutics

Financials|

* Affiliated Managers Group
* Ally Financial
* American Financial Group
* Annaly Capital Management
* Associated Bank
* Bank OZK
* Brighthouse Financial
* The Carlyle Group
* CNO Financial Group
* Columbia Banking System
* Commerce Bancshares
* Corebridge Financial
* East West Bancorp
* Equitable Holdings
* Essent Group Ltd.
* Euronet Worldwide
* Evercore
* Federated Hermes
* Fidelity National Financial
* First American
* First Financial Bankshares
* First Horizon
* FirstCash
* Flagstar Bank
* FNB Corporation
* Frost Bank
* Glacier Bancorp
* Hamilton Lane
* Hancock Whitney
* Hanover Insurance
* Home BancShares
* Houlihan Lokey
* Intl Bancshares Corp
* Janus Henderson
* Jefferies
* Kemper
* Kinsale Capital Group
* MGIC Investment Corporation
* Morningstar, Inc.
* Old National Bank
* Old Republic International
* Pinnacle Financial Partners
* Primerica
* Prosperity Bancshares
* Reinsurance Group of America
* RenaissanceRe
* RLI
* Ryan Specialty
* SEI
* Selective Insurance Group
* SLM Corp
* Shift4
* South State Bank
* Starwood Property Trust
* Stifel
* Texas Capital Bancshares
* UMB Financial Corp.
* United Bankshares
* Unum
* Valley Bank
* Voya Financial
* Webster Bank
* Western Alliance Bancorporation
* WEX Inc.
* Wintrust
* Zions Bancorporation

Information
technology|

* Advanced Energy
* Allegro MicroSystems
* Amkor Technology
* AppFolio
* Arrow Electronics
* Avnet
* Belden
* Bentley Systems
* Bill Holdings
* Blackbaud
* Cirrus Logic
* Cognex
* Coherent Corp.
* CommVault Systems
* Crane NXT
* Dolby
* Docusign
* Dropbox
* Dynatrace
* Entegris
* Everpure
* Fabrinet
* Flex Ltd.
* Guidewire Software
* IPG Photonics
* Kyndryl
* Lattice Semiconductor
* Littelfuse
* Lumentum Holdings
* MACOM Technology Solutions
* Manhattan Associates
* MKS Instruments
* Novanta
* Nutanix
* Okta, Inc.
* Onto Innovation
* Pegasystems
* Qualys
* Rambus
* Silicon Labs
* Synaptics
* TD Synnex
* TTM Technologies
* Twilio
* UiPath
* Universal Display
* Vontier

Communication
services|

* EchoStar
* The New York Times Company
* Nexstar Media Group
* Pinterest
* Warner Music Group
* ZoomInfo

Real estate|

* Agree Realty
* American Healthcare REIT
* Brixmor Property Group
* COPT Defense Properties
* Cousins Properties
* CubeSmart
* EastGroup Properties
* EPR Properties
* Equity Lifestyle Properties
* First Industrial Realty Trust
* Gaming and Leisure Properties
* Healthcare Realty Trust
* IRT Living
* Jones Lang LaSalle
* Kilroy Realty Corp
* Kite Realty Group Trust
* Lamar Advertising Company
* National Storage Affiliates Trust
* NNN Reit
* Omega Healthcare Investors
* Park Hotels & Resorts
* Physicians Realty Trust
* Rayonier
* Rexford Industrial Realty
* Sabra Health Care REIT
* STAG Industrial
* Vornado Realty Trust
* W. P. Carey

Utilities|

* Black Hills Corporation
* Essential Utilities
* Idacorp
* National Fuel Gas
* New Jersey Resources
* NorthWestern Corporation
* OGE Energy
* ONE Gas
* Ormat Technologies
* Portland General Electric
* Southwest Gas
* Spire
* Talen Energy
* TXNM Energy
* UGI Corporation

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Company:Dolby&oldid=4580532"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template