2MASS J11263991−5003550

Short description: Brown dwarf star in the constellation Centaurus 53 light years from Earth

2MASS J11263991−5003550  Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)

Constellation | Centaurus[1]
Right ascension |  11h 26m 39.80471s[2]
Declination | −50° 03′ 54.8462″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) | 18.51[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage | brown dwarf[4]
Spectral type | L4.5[5]
Variable type | Rotational[6]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)| 49.3±1.1[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: −1,589.907[2] mas/yr
Dec.: +450.777[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 61.8331 ± 0.2501[2] mas
Distance| 52.7 ± 0.2 ly
(16.17 ± 0.07 pc)
Details
Radius| 0.8−1.2[7] RJup
Surface gravity (log g)| 3.7+0.5
−0.1[7] cgs
Temperature| 1270+60
−20[7] K
Rotation| 3.2 ± 0.3[8] hours
Rotational velocity (v sin i)| 22.8+1.6
−2.4[7] km/s
Other designations

DENIS J112639.9-500355, WISEA J112638.07-500350.1, Gaia DR2 5372923621096443008

Database references
SIMBAD| data

2MASS J11263991−5003550 (2MASS J1126−5003) is a brown dwarf about 53 light-years distant from earth. The brown dwarf is notable for an unusual blue near-infrared color.[4][5] This brown dwarf does not show subdwarf features and the blue color cannot be explained by an unresolved binary. Instead the blue color is explained by patchy clouds.[5][9][6] The patchy cloud model allows thick clouds and a cloud coverage of 50% to explain the spectra of 2MASS J1126−5003.[9] Other blue L-dwarfs exist, but are quite rare.[10]

2MASS J1126−5003 has a deep water (H2O) absorption feature in its spectra,[4] which is comparable with late L-dwarfs and early T-dwarfs. It also shows weak carbon monoxide (CO) features. It lacks any methane (CH4) feature and is therefore not a T-dwarf. Based on near-infrared spectra this brown dwarf was therefore classified as an L9 spectral type brown dwarf. The optical spectrum is on the other hand more similar to a mid-type L-dwarf. Here a spectral type of L4.5 fits the optical spectrum. This optical spectral type is a more reliable estimate as the near-infrared spectrum does not fit spectra from other L-dwarfs.[5]

Lower metallicity and higher surface gravity might play a role in the formation of the weather on 2MASS J1126−5003. Lower metallicity reduces the available metal species to form cloud condensates. The higher surface gravity might cause an increased sedimentation of cloud condensates, resulting in thinner clouds. Other factors, like rotation, vertical upwelling and magnetic fields might play a role as well.[5]

Previously one suggested scenario were thinner clouds. This brown dwarf shows variations in the J-band[6] and at mid-infrared wavelengths with a period of 3.2±0.3 hours.[8] This is a clear indication of patchy clouds.

## References

1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
3. ↑ Girard, Terrence M.; Van Altena, William F.; Zacharias, Norbert; Vieira, Katherine; Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.; Castillo, Danilo; Herrera, David; Sun Lee, Young et al. (2011). "The Southern Proper Motion Program. Iv. The Spm4 Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 142: 15. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/1/15. Bibcode: 2011AJ....142...15G.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Folkes, S. L.; Pinfield, D. J.; Kendall, T. R.; Jones, H. R. A. (July 2007). "Discovery of a nearby L-T transition object in the Southern Galactic plane" (in en). MNRAS 378 (3): 901–909. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11789.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2007MNRAS.378..901F.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Burgasser, Adam J.; Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cruz, Kelle L.; Swift, Brandon J. (February 2008). "Clouds, Gravity, and Metallicity in Blue L Dwarfs: The Case of 2MASS J11263991-5003550" (in en). Astrophysical Journal 674 (1): 451–465. doi:10.1086/524726. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...674..451B.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Radigan, Jacqueline; Lafrenière, David; Jayawardhana, Ray; Artigau, Étienne (October 2014). "Strong Brightness Variations Signal Cloudy-to-clear Transition of Brown Dwarfs" (in en). Astrophysical Journal 793 (2): 75. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/75. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...793...75R.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (June 2017). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes" (in en). Astrophysical Journal 842 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...842...78V.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Metchev, Stanimir A.; Heinze, Aren; Apai, Dániel; Flateau, Davin; Radigan, Jacqueline; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Artigau, Étienne et al. (February 2015). "Weather on Other Worlds. II. Survey Results: Spots are Ubiquitous on L and T Dwarfs" (in en). Astrophysical Journal 799 (2): 154. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/154. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...799..154M.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, Didier; Goldblatt, Colin (November 2010). "A Patchy Cloud Model for the L to T Dwarf Transition" (in en). Astrophysical Journal Letters 723 (1): L117–L121. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L117. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...723L.117M.
10. ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C. et al. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data" (in en). Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 190 (1): 100–146. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2010ApJS..190..100K.

* v
* t
* e

Centaurus constellation

Stars (list)|

| Bayer|

* α (Rigil Kentaurus for A, Toliman for B, Proxima Centauri for C)
* β (Hadar)
* γ
* δ
* ε
* ζ
* η
* θ (Menkent)
* ι
* κ
* λ
* μ
* ν
* ξ1
* ξ2
* ο1
* ο2
* π
* ρ
* σ
* τ
* υ1
* υ2
* φ
* χ
* ψ

|

Flamsteed|

* 1 (i)
* 2 (g)
* 3 (k)
* 4 (h)

Variable|

* R
* T
* V
* Y
* RR
* SV
* SX
* BV
* DY
* V744
* V761 (a)
* V763 (C1)
* V766
* V803
* V810
* V816 (Przybylski's Star)
* V831
* V842
* V863
* V945 (H)
* V1032

HR|

* 4460 (A)
* 4466 (C2)
* 4476 (C3)
* 4499
* 4522
* 4523
* 4537 (j)
* 4546 (B)
* 4620 (E)
* 4652 (D)
* 4682 (F)
* 4712 (x1)
* 4721
* 4724 (x2)
* 4732 (G)
* 4748 (u)
* 4796
* 4817 (l)
* 4831 (w)
* 4874 (p)
* 4888 (e)
* 4889 (n)
* 4940 (f)
* 4979
* 4989
* 5006 (r)
* 5035 (J)
* 5041 (m)
* 5071 (K)
* 5089 (d)
* 5141 (Q)
* 5172 (M)
* 5174 (z)
* 5207 (N)
* 5222 (y)
* 5241
* 5297
* 5358 (v)
* 5371
* 5471 (b)
* 5485 (c1)
* 5489 (c2)

HD|

* 96660
* 97413
* 98176
* 101930
* 102117 (Uklun)
* 103197
* 107914
* 109749
* 113538
* 113766
* 114386
* 114729
* 117207
* 117618 (Dofida)
* 121228
* 121504
* 125072
* 125595
* 131399

Other|

* WASP-15 (Nyamien)
* 2M1207
* BPM 37093
* Centaurus X-3 (Krzeminski's Star)
* Nova Centauri 2013
* Proxima Centauri

Star clusters|

| Open|

* IC 2944
* NGC 3766
* NGC 4230
* NGC 5281
* NGC 5316
* NGC 5460
* NGC 5617
* NGC 5662
* Stock 16

|

Globular|

* NGC 5286
* Omega Centauri

Nebulae|

| H II|

* IC 2944

|

Planetary|

* Boomerang Nebula
* Fleming 1
* NGC 3918
* NGC 5307
* Southern Crab Nebula

SNR|

* G292.0+1.8
* SN 185 (RCW 86)

Galaxies|

| NGC|

* 3783
* 4444
* 4603
* 4622
* 4650A
* 4683
* 4696
* 4706
* 4709
* 4729
* 4730
* 4743
* 4744
* 4945
* 4976
* 5011
* 5011A
* 5026
* 5090
* 5091
* 5102
* 5114
* 5161
* 5253
* 5291
* 5398
* 5408

|

Other|

* ESO 325-G004
* ESO 444-46

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