InkStitch - Geneva-simple typefaces

Machine embroidery

Module: InkStitch
◀▬▬▶
⚐ draft | ☸ intermediate
⚒ 2018/12/05 | ⚒⚒ 2018/06/05
Prerequisite(s)

* Inkscape
* InkStitch - basic use‎‎

Objectives

* Find and install fonts
* Select the right font
* Digitize fonts

See also

* Computerized embroidery

Objectives

* Find and install fonts
* Select the right font
* Digitize fonts

Prerequisites

* Inkscape
* InkStitch - basic use‎‎

See also

* Computerized embroidery

* Quality: draft

* Difficulty: intermediate

This page describes how we created simple typefaces based on a Hershey font.

## Contents

* 1 Creation of a rounded satin font
* 1.1 Configure a 1 stroke font
* 1.2 Transform the stroke-based fonts into path
* 1.3 Create embroidery glyphs
* 1.3.1 Clean up the table
* 1.3.2 Remove overlap
* 1.3.3 Transform all paths to have two sub path
* 1.3.4 Prepare for satin
* 1.3.5 Example - R
* 1.4 Finish
* 1.5 Creating a sans typeface with rectangular caps
* 1.6 Using Illustrator
* 2 Geneva-simple typefaces for download
* 2.1 Geneva-simple-sans-rounded embroidery typeface
* 2.2 Geneva-simple-sans embroidery typeface
* 2.3 To do
* 3 Simple typefaces
* 3.1 A simple fill typeface
* 3.2 Simple lines
* 3.3 Simple zigzag
* 4 Alternatives

## Creation of a rounded satin font[edit | edit source]

Creating an embroidery font by hand is a fairly complex endeavour. However, starting from so-called Hershey font is much simpler since they are made of strokes.

In InkScape, Hershey fonts are available through the Extensions -> Render menu. We will use the simple Sans 1-stroke font.

The result of our work are two tables with typefaces. We renamed these to "Geneva-simple" (see below), since the fonts are not hershey fonts anymore, i.e. include some bezier curves.

### Configure a 1 stroke font[edit | edit source]

Create a Hershey glyph table

* Menu Extensions -> Render -> Hershey Text
* Change Action to "Write glyph table"
* Font face: Sans 1-stroke

Adjust the size and arrangement

* Select all
* Set total width to 210mm. This creates glyphs that are about 8mm high, i.e. good fonts to use with embroidery patches.
* Delete all the doubles
* Arrange the glyphs in the table

Hershey 1 stroke font table

Change stroke width and type

* Select All
* Set Stroke Width to 1.5mm
* Set Cap to round (easier to deal with than rectangular strokes)
* Verify shapes, smooth some (I fixed $, @, &, 0, O, Q4 and make strokes smaller ($, @). However, not not use "Simplify" (CTRL-L) to smooth since it will displace nodes in random ways.

Rounded caps and stroke width = 1.5mm

### Transform the stroke-based fonts into path[edit | edit source]

Break glyphs into several path

* Select all
* Change the stroke color to light blue (because this way you can more easily see what is going on in the next steps)
* Menu Path -> Break apart

Some letters are now composed of several path

Transform the strokes to paths

* Select all
* Menu Path -> Stroke to Path

You now should have Glyphs with Paths. These for the moment just have fills.

* Select all
* Add a black stroke, make it about 0.2mm

1-Stroke-based R - Broken R - Stroke-to-Path broken R

### Create embroidery glyphs[edit | edit source]

Now to create a font, there will be three major tasks for almost each glyph

* Remove excessive overlaps
* Make sure that each sub-object is made of two subpath
* Fix direction lines and add rungs

You can do this task by task (next three sections) or letter by letter.

#### Clean up the table[edit | edit source]

Removing small tiny paths

* Some glyphs include junk that you can fairly easily identify
* Select all tiny paths and union them together with the "real paths"
* Menu Path-> Union (CTRL-+), not CTRL-K !
* You may have to break apart (CTRL-SHIFT-K) again before being able to "union" (CTRL-+)

You can recombine some path. E.g. one could argue that letters like "W" and "M" do not need to split into different path.

#### Remove overlap[edit | edit source]

We now will delete segments of overlapping path for each letter that has major overlaps between the path that define it.

* Optionally, give different colors to different path
* Select the letter dragging a rectangle over the area
* Hit F2 (Edit Path tool)
* Select segments in the tips of some path and kill them. You may have to add nodes or move nodes to do that
* Shorten some lines.

#### Transform all paths to have two sub path[edit | edit source]

As explained in InkStitch - satin columns‎, satin columns are defined by two borders, i.e. two poly-lines within a path.

In our case, we most often just may have to split the end of some "lines". In the previous step we already did split some path into two subpath by removing a segment.

During this step, you also can recombine some path. E.g. one could argue that letters like "W" and "M" do not need to split into different path.

* Create two subpath by either `break path at select nodes` or (as above) by `delete segment between two non-endpoint nodes `
* Turn snap off
* Move the nodes a bit after breaking a path. This way you can make sure that you really did it.

#### Prepare for satin[edit | edit source]

* Verify directions of the sub paths
* Add either rungs or make the number of nodes even

#### Example - R[edit | edit source]

The following screenshots and SVG visualize important stages as described above.

R composed of 3 objects, before surgery | R composed of 3 objects, each with two sub-path

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R composed of 3 objects, Add a node to tip | R composed of 3 objects, Break a path
R objects arranged | R stitching plan

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### Finish[edit | edit source]

* Group all objects of a glyph and name them (A, B, C, ...)
* Select all
* Remove Fill
* Set Stroke Paint (optional)
* Set Stroke Width to 0.1mm

### Creating a sans typeface with rectangular caps[edit | edit source]

Creating a simple "sans" font with squared "endings" was not very difficult, but again somewhat time consuming (about a day's work) starting from the rounded version.

Take each letter

* Kill rounded segments at the end of the "limbs"
* Straighten the lines
* Fix overlaps
* Find a strategy to manage direction of stitches. So far, we did it without rungs, but a more professional version will need some.

Also: copy/paste as much as you can. Many parts of the Glyphs are the same, i.e vertical and horizontal bars, "c"-like structures, etc.

### Using Illustrator[edit | edit source]

One could import the SVG file to illustrator. Its pathfinder tool can remove all major overlaps (or is there a way to do it in Inkscape ?). Save as SVG in Illustrator and reopen it in InkScape

## Geneva-simple typefaces for download[edit | edit source]

Since other folks also will create fonts, we gave our typefaces a name: `Geneva simple` (because I work in Geneva)

As of July 7 2018, these fonts are drafts and probably do require adjustments. However they are usable for any project since you can adapt the glyphs ;)

You can adjust trim, density, underlay, etc. for both fonts.

Parameters uses:

* ZigZag spacing = 0.4 (default). This could be made smaller (i.e. denser) for large fonts and bigger (i.e. less dense) for very small letters.
* Running stitch length = 1.5mm
* TRIM = yes
* Underlay = ZigZag (default config.). We suggest changing this to simple lines for smaller letters.

Pictures of the first versions of the font.  Geneva-simple-rounded embroidery typeface (simulation) | Geneva-simple embroidery typeface (simulation) | Geneva-simple embroidery typeface (stitched)

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First tests show that this type of font is fairly scalable. The 6mm version is too ugly and some types do need some extra work. Maybe density should be a bit lower for smaller fonts.

6, 10, 12 ,16, 20mm simulation | 6, 10, 12 ,16, 20mm stitched, on the Elna 8300

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Usage:

* Download an SVG file with the fonts
* Make a copy of the file
* Create your embroidery design with the same file
* Copy/paste glyphs (line by line)
* Use align/distribute tools
* Change the size
* Adjust density and underlay (less for small letters and more for bigger ones)
* ...

### Geneva-simple-sans-rounded embroidery typeface[edit | edit source]

The `Geneva-simple-sans-rounded` is a font designed for small lettering, e.g. on patches. It should work fine from 8mm to 15mm fonts. However, for optimal results you may have to adjust the drawings.

Click twice to display the SVG, then "save the page as in your browser"

Geneva-simple-rounded embroidery typeface

### Geneva-simple-sans embroidery typeface[edit | edit source]

The `Geneva-simple-sans` is a font designed for small lettering, e.g. on patches. It should work fine from 6mm to 15mm fonts.

This font was derived from Geneva-simple-sans-rounded and looks more like a typical embroidery font. This design seems to be somewhat better than the rounded version presented above.

Click twice to display the SVG, then "save the page as in your browser".

Geneva-simple embroidery typeface

### To do[edit | edit source]

(in a next version)

* Create custom underlay for each letter
* Verify stitching order
* improve some overlaps
* Fix some direction lines (rungs)
* Add serifs (in a new font version)

## Simple typefaces[edit | edit source]

### A simple fill typeface[edit | edit source]

Typefaces with fills can be used for very large fonts (i.e. bigger than 20 or 30 mm). However, they will probably be fairly ugly. Try yourself. After the first step explained in the first chapter, simply create a path (before breaking up the glyphs !)

* Break apart symbols that have unconnected polygones, e.g. !, ? ;
* Menu Path: Stroke to path
* Set the fill
* Remove the stroke

In Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Params

* Augment the density, e.g 0.2
* Add an underlay

We had to fix some caracters, i.g. remove or union some little garbage and also give some special treatment to the $ and & signs.

You can download the following SVG file (click until you get the SVG then save the page as). Open the file in InkScape and copy/paste the fonts. Make sure to hide the embroidery layer, and to "rectangle" select since we did not do any grouping...

Simple Hershey sans font with fills (click 2x to get the SVG)

### Simple lines[edit | edit source]

Fonts made of simple lines tend to be rather ugly, however it is possible to stitch tight and small letters easily.

* CTRL-A
* Set stroke to dotted

Embroidery -> Param -> Stroke tab -> Satin stitches along paths (needs to remain ticked if you plan to change parameters)

Simple Hershey sans font with lines (click 2x to get the SVG)

### Simple zigzag[edit | edit source]

This typeface was made from the above's simple line design

* CTRL-A
* Set stroke to 1mm
* Embroidery -> Param -> Stroke tab -> Satin stitches along paths

Simple Hershey sans font with zigzag along the strokes (click 2x to get the SVG)

## Alternatives[edit | edit source]

* Small Embroidery font. This font was designed by the creator of Ink/Stitch. You may use this font for free in any embroidery project, including in designs that you intend to sell or sew out and sell. There is no limitation on the number of designs or items you may sell. Underlays of letters are manually made (i.e. with lines), something we also should consider .....