Historical Michigan tax policy information

in  Michigan

* Fiscal
* Budgets
* Michigan state budget and finances
* Tax policy in Michigan
* Finance
* Financial regulation in Michigan
* Pensions
* Public pensions in Michigan
* Pension health in Michigan
* Civil liberties
* Affirmative action in Michigan
* Campaign finance requirements in Michigan
* Campaign finance requirements for Michigan ballot measures
* Nonprofit regulation in Michigan
* Education
* Charter schools in Michigan
* Higher education in Michigan
* Public education in Michigan
* School choice in Michigan
* Elections
* Ballot access
* Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Michigan
* Ballot access requirements for political parties in Michigan
* Political parties in Michigan
* Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Michigan
* Redistricting in Michigan
* Voting in Michigan
* Energy and Environment
* Energy policy in Michigan
* Fracking in Michigan
* Oil and gas extraction on federal land in Michigan
* Endangered species in Michigan
* Environmental policy in Michigan
* Healthcare
* Healthcare policy in Michigan
* Medicaid spending in Michigan
* Effect of the Affordable Care Act in Michigan
* Immigration
* Immigration in Michigan

* * *

This article does not contain the most recently published data on this subject. If you would like to help our coverage grow, consider donating to Ballotpedia.

* * *

The historical Michigan tax policy information below is presented as it was written on Ballotpedia in 2015. For more current information regarding tax policy, click here.

Tax policy in Michigan

Tax rates in 2015
Personal income tax:
4.25%
State sales tax:

Corporate income tax:

Tax revenues in 2014
Total tax collections:[1]
$24.804 billion
Tax collections per capita:[1]
$2,503
Rank:[1]

Total state expenditures • State debt • Michigan state budget and finances

## Contents

* 1 Tax rates
* 1.1 Personal income tax
* 1.1.1 Personal exemptions
* 1.1.2 Capital gains tax
* 1.2 Sales tax
* 1.2.1 Excise taxes
* 1.3 Corporate income tax
* 1.3.1 Business tax climate
* 1.4 Property tax
* 1.5 Estate and inheritance taxes
* 2 Tax revenues
* 3 See also
* 4 Footnotes

Michigan generates the bulk of its tax revenue by levying a personal income tax and a sales tax. The state derives its constitutional authority to tax from Article IX of the state constitution.[2][3]

Tax policy can vary from state to state. States levy taxes to help fund the variety of services provided by state governments. Tax collections comprise approximately 40 percent of the states' total revenues. The rest comes from non-tax sources, such as intergovernmental aid (e.g., federal funds), lottery revenues and fees. The primary types of taxes levied by state governments include personal income tax, general sales tax, excise (or special sales) taxes and corporate income tax.[4]

HIGHLIGHTS

* In 2014, according to the Federation of Tax Administrators, Michigan collected $24.804 billion in tax revenues. The state's tax revenues per capita were $2,503, ranking 32nd highest in the United States.[5]

## Tax rates[edit]

### Personal income tax[edit]

See also: Personal income tax

Michigan utilizes a flat personal income tax rate of 4.25 percent in determining an individual's personal income tax liability.[6][7][8]

The table below summarizes personal income tax rates for Michigan and neighboring states in 2015. Numerical rankings are tabulated by excluding states with no personal income tax (as well as New Hampshire and Tennessee, which charge income tax only on dividends and interest) and are based on the highest possible tax rate for which an individual might be liable. Because some states are excluded from the rankings and a few share common uppermost rates, there are 34 numerical rankings, with 1 indicating the highest uppermost rate and 34 indicating the lowest.[7]

Personal income tax rates, 2015

State  | Tax rates  | Number of brackets  | Brackets  | Ranking
Lowest  | Highest  | Lowest  | Highest
Michigan  | 4.25% | 4.25% | 1 | Flat rate | 30
Illinois | 3.8% | 3.8% | 1 | Flat rate | 31
Indiana | 3.3% | 3.3% | 1 | Flat rate | 32
Ohio  | 0.528% | 5.333% | 9 | $5,200 | $208,000 | 22
Wisconsin  | 4.4% | 7.65% | 4 | $11,090 | $244,270 | 10
Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below.
Source: Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015

#### Personal exemptions[edit]

States that collect a personal income tax allow individuals to claim personal exemptions on income taxes each year. The personal exemption indicates that only a person's income above a certain level is subject to taxation. [9]

Exemptions work by reducing the amount of an individual's taxable income. Both state and federal taxes allow exemptions. The state exemptions for Michigan and its neighboring states as reported by the Tax Policy Center are reported in the chart below.[10]

In Michigan, state personal exemptions for single filers were equal to $3,950, which was highest among its neighboring states that allowed for personal income tax exemptions. Exemptions for those filing as a married couple were equal to $7,900 in 2015. Michigan regulations also allow filers to receive exemptions for dependents. These exemptions were equal to about $3,950 in 2015.[11]

Personal exemptions, 2015

State  | Single  | Married  | Dependents
Michigan (a) | $3,950 | $7,900 | $3,950
Illinois | $2,000 | $4,000 | $2,000
Indiana | $1,000 | $2,000 | $2,500
Ohio (a) | $2,200 | $4,400 | $1,700
Wisconsin (a) | $700 | $1,400 | $700
Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below.
Source: Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015

#### Capital gains tax[edit]

See also: Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax is a tax levied on the profit gleaned from the sale of a capital asset. Examples of capital assets include stocks, businesses, land parcels, homes, personal items and more. Capital gains are taxable at both the federal and state levels. While the federal government taxes capital gains at a lower rate than regular personal income, states usually tax capital gains at the same rates as regular income. In Michigan, the uppermost capital gains tax rate was 4.3 percent. The combined uppermost federal and state tax rates totaled 27.7 percent, ranking 33rd highest in the nation.[12][13][14]

The table below summarizes uppermost capital gains tax rates for Michigan and neighboring states in 2015.

Uppermost capital gains tax rates by state, 2015

State  | State uppermost rate  | Combined uppermost rate  | Ranking
Michigan | 4.30% | 27.70% | 34
Illinois | 3.80% | 27.20% | 38
Indiana | 3.40% | 27.80% | 33
Ohio | 5.30% | 28.30% | 22
Wisconsin | 7.70% | 28.20% | 23
U.S. AVERAGE | 28.70%
Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below.
Source: Tax Foundation, "The High Burden of State and Federal Capital Gains Tax Rates," accessed September 29, 2015

### Sales tax[edit]

See also: Sales tax

Almost all states employ a statewide sales tax, which ranges from 2.9 percent in Colorado to 7.5 percent in California. Additionally, many states allow the levying of local sales taxes, which are then added to the state's tax.

Michigan's state sales tax was 6 percent in 2015. The state did not levy any local sales taxes, meaning that the total sales tax was 6 percent. This was the 37th highest combined sales tax in the country in 2015, and was second lowest among its neighboring states. The table below displays the state tax rates, average local tax rates, and average combined tax rates for Michigan and its neighboring states.

Combined sales tax rates, 2015

State  | State sales tax  | Average local sales tax (a)  | Combined  | Ranking
Michigan | 6.00% | None | 6.00% | 37
Illinois | 6.25% | 1.94% | 8.19% | 10
Indiana | 7.00% | None | 7.00% | 21
Ohio | 5.75% | 1.35% | 7.10% | 19
Wisconsin | 5.00% | 0.43% | 5.43% | 44
"(a) City, county, and municipal rates vary. These rates are weighted by population to compute an average local tax rate."
Source: The Tax Foundation, "State and local sales tax rates, 2015," accessed November 5, 2015

The sales tax rate in Michigan for tax year 2015 was 6 percent. The table below summarizes sales tax rates for Michigan and neighboring states in 2015. The table also notes the state's policy with respect to types of items commonly exempted from sales tax (i.e., food, prescription drugs and nonprescription drugs).[15]

Sales tax rates, 2015

State  | Sales tax rate  | Exemption status
Food  | Prescription drugs  | Nonprescription drugs
Michigan | 6% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable
Illinois | 6.25% | 1% | 1% | 1%
Indiana | 7% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable
Ohio | 5.75% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable
Wisconsin | 5% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable
Source: Tax Policy Center, "Sales Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 30, 2015

#### Excise taxes[edit]

See also: Excise taxes

Excise taxes, also known as selective sales or differential commodity taxes, are levied for the sales of specific goods or services. Excise taxes are considered indirect taxes because they are not charged directly to individuals. In most cases, the excise tax is paid by the producer or seller of an item. The cost of the tax is then included in the sale price of the item and passed on to the consumer. The tables below provide excise tax rates for motor fuel, alcohol and cigarettes in Michigan and neighboring states. In Michigan, excise tax revenues comprised 15.3 percent of total tax collections in 2013.[16][17][18][19]

Fuel excise tax rates, 2015 (in cents per gallon)

State  | Gasoline  | Diesel  | Gasohol
Excise tax  | Other taxes  | Total tax  | Excise tax  | Other taxes  | Total tax  | Excise tax  | Other taxes  | Total tax
Michigan | 19¢ | 0¢ | 19¢ | 15¢ | 0¢ | 15¢ | 19¢ | 0¢ | 19¢
Illinois | 19¢ | 1.1¢ | 20.1¢ | 21.5¢ | 1.1¢ | 22.6¢ | 19¢ | 1.1¢ | 20.1¢
Indiana | 18¢ | 0¢ | 18¢ | 16¢ | 0¢ | 16¢ | 18¢ | 0¢ | 18¢
Ohio | 28¢ | 0¢ | 28¢ | 28¢ | 0¢ | 28¢ | 28¢ | 0¢ | 28¢
Wisconsin | 30.9¢ | 2¢ | 32.9¢ | 30.9¢ | 2¢ | 32.9¢ | 30.9¢ | 2¢ | 32.9¢
Note: For full annotations, see the source below.
Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Motor Fuel Tax Rates 2000-2011, 2013-2015," accessed September 30, 2015
Alcohol excise tax rates, 2015 (in dollars per gallon)

State  | Liquor  | Wine  | Beer
Tax rate  | Does general sales tax apply?  | Tax rate  | Does general sales tax apply?  | Tax rate  | Does general sales tax apply?
Michigan | See footnote1 | Yes | $0.51 | Yes | $0.20 | Yes
Illinois | $8.55 | Yes | $1.39 | Yes | $0.23 | Yes
Indiana | $2.68 | Yes | $0.47 | Yes | $0.12 | Yes
Ohio | See footnote1 | Yes | $0.32 | Yes | $0.18 | Yes
Wisconsin | $3.25 | Yes | $0.25 | Yes | $0.06 | Yes
1"In 17 states, the government directly controls the sales of distilled spirits. Revenue in these states is generated from various taxes, fees, price mark-ups, and net liquor profits."
2"General sales tax applies to on-premise sales only."
3"Rhode Island tax rate scheduled to decrease to $3.75 on July 1, 2015."
4"Washington privatized liquor sales effective June 1, 2012."
5"All wine sales are through state stores. Revenue in these states is generated from various taxes, fes, price mark-ups, and net profits."
Note: For full annotations, see the source below.
Source: Tax Policy Center, "Alcohol Rates, 2000-2010, 2013-2015," accessed September 30, 2015
State cigarette taxes, 2015 (in cents per pack)

State  | Tax rate  | National ranking
Michigan | 200¢ | 12
Illinois | 198¢ | 17
Indiana | 99.5¢ | 32
Ohio | 125¢ | 29
Wisconsin | 252¢ | 10
Note: For full annotations, see the source below.
Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Cigarette Taxes, 2015," accessed September 30, 2015

### Corporate income tax[edit]

See also: Corporate income tax

Corporate income tax is the tax levied by a state on a company's profits. In tax year 2015, Michigan levied a 6 percent corporate income tax. The table below lists the corporate income tax rates for Michigan and neighboring states in 2015.[20][21]

Corporate income tax rates, 2015

State  | Tax rate  | Brackets  | Number of brackets
Lowest  | Highest
Michigan | 6% | Flat rate | 1
Illinois | 7.75% | Flat rate | 1
Indiana | 7% | Flat rate | 1
Ohio | N/A1
Wisconsin | 7.9% | Flat rate | 1
Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below.
Source: Tax Foundation, "State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2015," accessed October 7, 2015
1Ohio does not levy a corporate income tax for most corporations, but does levy a Commercial Activity Tax. This tax is equal to $150 for gross receipts between $150,000 and $1 million, with an additional 0.26 percent levied for gross receipts over $1 million.[21]

#### Business tax climate[edit]

In October 2014, the Tax Foundation released a report evaluating business tax systems in the states for fiscal year 2015. The report's authors graded the states by analyzing more than 100 variables in five general tax areas: corporate taxes, personal income taxes, sales taxes, unemployment insurance taxes and property taxes. States were scored on a scale of zero to 10, with a score of zero indicating the worst business tax structure and a score of 10 indicating the best. States were then ranked on a scale of one to 50, with a ranking of one indicating the state with the best business tax climate and a score of 50 indicating the state with the worst.[22]

In fiscal year 2015, Michigan's business tax climate was ranked 13th in the nation. The table below provides scores and rankings for Michigan and neighboring states. To access the full report, click here.[22]

Business tax climate rankings, fiscal year 2015

State  | 2014  | 2015  | Change from 2014 to 2015
Rank  | Score  | Rank  | Score  | Rank  | Score
Michigan | 13 | 5.74 | 13 | 5.64 | 0 | -0.1
Illinois | 29 | 5 | 31 | 4.96 | -2 | -0.04
Indiana | 8 | 5.99 | 8 | 5.96 | 0 | -0.03
Ohio | 42 | 4.45 | 44 | 4.41 | -2 | -0.04
Wisconsin | 43 | 4.42 | 43 | 4.46 | 0 | 0.04
Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below.
Source: Tax Foundation, "2015 State Business Tax Climate Index," October 28, 2014

### Property tax[edit]

See also: Property tax

Most often, property tax applies to real estate, although some states levy property taxes on other types of personal property, such as automobiles. Generally speaking, an individual's property tax liability is determined by the tax rate and the tax base, which is "determined by both the assessed value of the property and ... the share of the assessed value that is subject to tax." To learn more about property taxes, including tabulation methods, see this page.[23][24][25]

Property taxes comprise the lion's share of local government revenues. In 2010, property taxes accounted for 75 percent of the tax revenues collected by local government entities (such as cities, counties, school districts, etc.). States, on the other hand, generate very little revenue from property taxes. Property tax rates can vary substantially from locality to locality within a state.[23][24]

The table below provides the mean amount of property taxes paid, as well as property tax as a mean percentage of home value, for Michigan and neighboring states for 2012. In terms of mean property taxes paid, Michigan ranked third lowest, nearly matching Ohio.[23]

Mean property taxes paid per state, 2012

State  | Mean property taxes paid  | Property tax as a percent of home value
Michigan | $2,347 | 2.06%
Illinois | $4,469 | 2.28%
Indiana | $1,200 | 0.93%
Ohio | $2,327 | 1.77%
Wisconsin | $3,530 | 2.07%
Source: Tax Policy Center, "Residential Property Taxes in the United States," November 18, 2013

The table below lists per capita state and local property tax collections for Michigan and neighboring states for fiscal year 2012. According to the Tax Foundation, which compiled the data below, Michigan ranked 25th in the country in terms of property tax collections per capita.[26]

State and local property tax collections per capita, 2012

State  | Collections per capita  | Ranking
Michigan | $1,344 | 25
Illinois | $1,985 | 11
Indiana | $994 | 36
Ohio | $1,174 | 30
Wisconsin | $1,758 | 13
Source: Tax Foundation, "Facts and Figures 2015: How Does Your State Compare?" accessed October 5, 2015

### Estate and inheritance taxes[edit]

See also: Estate and inheritance taxes

Michigan does not levy any estate or inheritance taxes, although residents are subject to the federal estate tax.[27]

## Tax revenues[edit]

Tax collections by source as a percentage of total tax collections in 2013.

See also: Michigan state budget and finances

The table below summarizes general fund revenue sources for Michigan and neighboring states in 2013. All figures are rendered in millions of dollars (for example, $1,500 translates to $1,500,000,000). Per capita figures have not been abbreviated.[28]

General fund revenue sources, 2013

State  | Sales tax  | Personal income tax  | Corporate income tax  | Other taxes and fees  | Grand total  | Per capita revenues
Michigan | $1,832 | $5,844 | $438 | $1,075 | $9,189 | $928.59
Illinois | $7,335 | $16,630 | $3,086 | $9,239 | $36,290 | $2,817.08
Indiana | $6,796 | $4,978 | $968 | $1,720 | $14,462 | $2,200.92
Ohio | $8,445 | $9,508 | $262 | $11,344 | $29,559 | $2,554.62
Wisconsin | $4,410 | $7,497 | $925 | $1,254 | $14,086 | $2,554.62
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report: Examining Fiscal 2011-2013 State Spending," accessed September 24, 2014

The table below lists tax collections by source as a percentage of total collections for Michigan and neighboring states in 2013.[3]

Tax collections by source as a percentage of total tax collections, 2013

State  | Property tax  | Sales tax  | Select sales (excise) taxes  | Personal income tax  | Corporate income tax  | Other taxes
Michigan | 7.8% | 33.6% | 15.3% | 32.8% | 3.6% | 6.9%
Illinois | 0.2% | 21.1% | 16.9% | 42.7% | 11.5% | 7.6%
Indiana | 0% | 40.1% | 20.7% | 29.4% | 4.6% | 5.1%
Ohio | 0% | 31.6% | 18.3% | 36.1% | 1% | 13%
Wisconsin | 0.9% | 26.7% | 16.2% | 43.7% | 5.8% | 6.7%
Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Tax Collection Shares by Type 2000-2013," June 20, 2014

## See also[edit]

* Tax policy in Michigan

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Federation of Tax Administrators, "2014 State Tax Revenue," accessed October 26, 2015
2. ↑ Michigan Legislative Website, "Constitution of Michigan of 1963," accessed October 17, 2014
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tax Policy Center, "State Tax Collection Shares by Type 2000-2013," June 20, 2014
4. ↑ Brunori, D. (2011). State Tax Policy: A Political Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press
5. ↑ Federation of Tax Administrators, "2014 State Tax Revenue," accessed October 26, 2015
6. ↑ Investing Answers, "Tax Bracket," accessed September 24, 2014
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015
8. ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Personal Income Tax Rates and Brackets 2014 Update," March 21, 2014
9. ↑ Tax Policy Center, "What is the personal exemption?" accessed December 14, 2015
10. ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "3. Personal Exemptions and Dependents," accessed December 14, 2015
11. ↑ Tax Policy Center, "What is the personal exemption?" accessed December 14, 2015
12. ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "Topic 409 - Capital Gains and Losses," August 19, 2014
13. ↑ Tax Foundation, "The High Burden of State and Federal Capital Gains Tax Rates," February 11, 2014
14. ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Capital Gains and Dividends: How are capital gains taxed?" June 22, 2011
15. ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Sales Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed October 2, 2015
16. ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Excise taxes," accessed October 20, 2014
17. ↑ Investopedia, "Excise Tax," accessed October 20, 2014
18. ↑ Tax Foundation, "Excise Taxes," accessed October 20, 2014
19. ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "Excise Tax," accessed October 20, 2014
20. ↑ Investopedia, "Corporate Tax," accessed September 24, 2014
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tax Foundation, "State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2015," accessed October 7, 2015
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Tax Foundation, "2015 State Business Tax Climate Index," October 28, 2014
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Tax Policy Center, "Residential Property Taxes in the United States," November 18, 2013
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Bankrate, "Property taxes explained," February 3, 2000
25. ↑ Investopedia, "Property Tax," accessed September 26, 2014
26. ↑ Tax Foundation, "Facts and Figures 2015: How Does Your State Compare?" accessed October 5, 2015
27. ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Estate and Inheritance Taxes in 2014," May 28, 2014
28. ↑ National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report: Examining Fiscal 2011-2013 State Spending," accessed September 24, 2014

v • e

Budget policy

Budget background|

Government budgets • Cost of state transparency websites • State budget issues • Public employee salaries • Public pensions • States with spending online • Glossary of state budget terms • Total state expenditures • State spending by function as a percent of total expenditures

* * *

State budget and finance pages|

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

* * *

Tax policy background|

Personal income tax • Sales tax • Corporate income tax • Property tax • Excise taxes • Estate and inheritance taxes • Capital gains tax

* * *

State tax policy pages|

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

* * *

Comparative analysis of state debt|

Federal outlays to state government (2014-2017) • State tax revenue projections and shortfalls (2020-2021) • Proportion of state government general revenues from the federal government (2014-2018) • State debt per capita (2014-2018) • State unfunded public pension liabilities, 2003-2018

Ballotpedia

About

Overview • What people are saying • Support Ballotpedia • Contact • Contribute • Job opportunities

* * *

Executive: Leslie Graves, Founder and CEO • Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer

Communications: Alison Graves, Director of Communications • Carley Allensworth • Abigail Campbell • Sarah Groat • Nathaniel Harwood • Dillon Redmond
External Relations:  Geoff Pallay, Director of External Relations • Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy • Ashley Fleming • Thomas Mardik • Hannah Nelson
Operations: Meghann Olshefski, Director of Operations • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
Tech: Matt Latourelle, Director of Technology Operations • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Joseph Sanchez • Mary Susmitha

Contributors: Scott Rasmussen

* * *

Editorial Content

Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams, Managing Editor of Events • Joseph Greaney, Managing Editor of Policy • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Victoria Edwards • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Thomas Grobben • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Brandon McCauley • Andrew McNair • Ellie Mikus • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox • Heather Yates