Smartphones and pedestrian safety

Short description: none

People using phones while walking

Safety hazards have been noted due to pedestrians walking slowly and without attention to their surroundings because they are focused upon their smartphones. Texting pedestrians may trip over curbs, walk out in front of cars and bump into other walkers. The field of vision of a smartphone user is estimated to be just 5% of a normal pedestrian's.[1]

Some cities have taken design measures to make the streets safer for inattentive pedestrians, including lights embedded in pavements, and dedicated lanes for smartphone-using pedestrians to use.

The pejorative term smartphone zombie has been used to describe inattentive phone users;[2] this phrase was sometimes blended to Smombie in German[3] and has seen some English usage.[4] In Hong Kong such phone users are called dai tau juk ("the head-down tribe").[5] A 2017 review considered the popular culture term in regards to the medical diagnoses of internet addiction disorder and other forms of digital media overuse.[6]

## Contents

* 1 Pedestrian phone use
* 2 Car driver phone use
* 3 Urban design
* 4 Phone technology
* 5 Legal measures
* 6 In fiction
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

## Pedestrian phone use

A pedestrian crossing the road while looking down at a smartphone

A 2012 study at twenty intersections in Seattle, USA, found 14% of pedestrians were talking or texting on a phone.[7] A 2018 study of more than two thousand pedestrian observations at four intersections, one in New York City and three in Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, found 9% of pedestrians were talking or texting on a phone while crossing; in contrast to the previous study, this study did not find that phone usage altered walking speed.[8]

In 2016 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons created a "Digital Deadwalkers" awareness campaign, in response to the risks associated with walking across intersections and sidewalks while paying attention only to smartphones and not one's surroundings. They characterised such pedestrians as "oblivious to everyone else, so it's like they're dead-walking, sleepwalking".[9]

## Car driver phone use

This section is an excerpt from Distracted driving[ edit ]

## Urban design

A warning sign in Osaka

In Chongqing, China, the government constructed a dedicated smartphone-sidewalk in 2014, separating the phone users and the non-phone users.[10][11][12] A similar scheme was introduced in Antwerp the following year.[13]

In Augsburg, Bodegraven and Cologne, ground-level traffic lights embedded in the pavement have been introduced so that they are more visible to preoccupied pedestrians,[14][15] while traffic signals at an intersection in Zagreb cast the red light downwards, producing glare on smartphone screens.[16]

In Seoul, warning signs have been placed on the pavement at dangerous intersections following over a thousand road accidents caused by smartphones in South Korea in 2014.[17] The city has also implemented traffic lights embedded into the ground to pass the indication to the pedestrian even if they are fully immersed in their smartphone experience.

* Seoul pavement light in green

* Seoul pavement light in green, close up

* Seoul pavement light in red

* Seoul pavement light in red, close up

## Phone technology

An app which uses the phone's camera to make the screen appear transparent can be used to provide some warning of hazards.[18]

## Legal measures

In October 2017, the City of Honolulu, Hawaii introduced a measure to fine pedestrians looking at smartphones while crossing the road.[19] In 2019, China introduced penalties for "activities affecting other vehicles or pedestrians" and a woman was fined 10 yuan in Wenzhou.[20]

## In fiction

Science fiction author Ray Bradbury wrote about people being distracted by miniaturised technology in the 1950s, in his stories such as The Pedestrian and Fahrenheit 451.[21][22][23] He wrote in 1958 of observing a couple walking in Beverly Hills, the woman listening to a small transistor radio "oblivious to man and dog, listening to far winds and whispers and soap-opera cries, sleepwalking, helped up and down curbs by a husband who might just as well not have been there".[24]

## See also

* Digital zombie
* Jaywalking
* Mobile phones and driving safety
* Problematic smartphone use
* Phubbing
* Pokémon Go, a mobile game designed to be played outdoors

## References

1. ↑ "Japan's smartphone 'zombies' turn urban areas into human pinball", Japan Times, 17 November 2014, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/11/17/national/social-issues/japans-smartphone-zombies-turn-urban-areas-human-pinball#.VkOMXnbhC9I
2. ↑ Chatfield, Tom (29 November 2016). "The new words that expose our smartphone obsessions" (in en). http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20161129-the-new-words-that-reveal-how-tech-has-changed-us.
3. ↑ Wordsworth, Dot (17 December 2020). "The word of the year (whether we like it or not)". The Spectator. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-word-of-the-year-whether-we-like-it-or-not/.
4. ↑ English, BBC Learning. "BBC Learning English - The English We Speak / Smombie". BBC Learning English. https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/features/the-english-we-speak/ep-180402.
5. ↑ Mark Sharp (2 March 2015), "Beware the Smartphone Zombies Blindly Wandering Around Hong Kong", South China Morning Post, https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/technology/article/1725001/smartphone-zombies-are-putting-your-life-and-theirs-danger?page=all
6. ↑ Duke, Éilish; Montag, Christian (2017), Montag, Christian; Reuter, Martin, eds., "Smartphone Addiction and Beyond: Initial Insights on an Emerging Research Topic and Its Relationship to Internet Addiction" (in en), Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction, Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics (Springer International Publishing): pp. 359–372, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46276-9_21, ISBN 9783319462769
7. ↑ https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/19/4/232
8. ↑ https://transfersmagazine.org/magazine-article/issue-1/walking-on-the-wild-side-distracted-pedestrians-and-traffic-safety/
9. ↑ "Avoiding a digital zombie apocalypse". Modern Healthcare 46 (1): 36. 4 January 2016. ProQuest 1754303504.
10. ↑ David Raven (15 September 2014), "World's first mobile phone walking lane for 'zombie pedestrians' addicted to texting", Daily Mirror, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/worlds-first-mobile-phone-walking-4261228
11. ↑ Heather Chen (7 September 2015), Asia's Smartphone Addiction, Singapore: BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33130567
12. ↑ Leo Benedictus (15 September 2014), "Chinese city opens 'phone lane' for texting pedestrians", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/sep/15/china-mobile-phone-lane-distracted-walking-pedestrians
13. ↑ David Chazan (14 Jun 2015), "Antwerp introduces 'text walking lanes' for pedestrians using mobile phones", Daily Telegraph (Paris), https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belgium/11674215/Antwerp-introduces-text-walking-lanes-for-pedestrians-using-mobile-phones.html
14. ↑ Pavement lights guide 'smartphone zombies', BBC, 16 February 2017, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-38992653
15. ↑ Janek Schmidt (29 April 2016), "Always practise safe text: the German traffic light for smartphone zombies", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/29/always-practise-safe-text-the-german-traffic-light-for-smartphone-zombies
16. ↑ "U Zagrebu postavljen semafor koji upozorava pješake zadubljene u mobitele" (in hr). Zagreb, Croatia. 12 October 2019. https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/u-zagrebu-postavljen-semafor-koji-pjesake-zadubljene-u-mobitele-upozorava-na-crveno-20191012.
17. ↑ Max Bearak (21 June 2016), "Seoul wants 'smartphone zombies' to read road signs instead", Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/21/seoul-wants-smartphone-zombies-to-read-road-signs-instead/
18. ↑ Peter Apps (31 March 2014), "'Transparent' iPhones: A text and walk plan for those trying to do two things at once", Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/apple-plans-to-create-transparent-iphones-with-rear-camera-technology-9224377.html
19. ↑ Brett Molina (25 October 2017), "Looking at your phone while crossing the street will cost you in Honolulu", USA Today, https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/10/25/looking-your-phone-while-crossing-street-cost-you-honolulu/797796001/
20. ↑ George Pierpoint, Kerry Allen (17 January 2019), 'Smartphone zombie' fine cheered on Chinese social media, BBC News, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-46902965
21. ↑ Jeff Miller (24 October 2014), "Put down the smartphone and make a real connection", Augusta Chronicle, http://chronicle.augusta.com/life-your-faith/2014-10-24/put-down-smartphone-and-make-real-connection
22. ↑ Jordan Oloman (16 May 2016), "Word of the Year: SMOMBIES", The Courier, http://thecourieronline.co.uk/2016/05/16/word-of-the-year-smombies/
23. ↑ Hayley Tsukayama (7 June 2012), "10 Ray Bradbury predictions that came true", Washington Post, http://bangordailynews.com/2012/06/07/news/10-ray-bradbury-predictions-that-came-true/
24. ↑ Ray Bradbury (2 May 1953), "The Day After Tomorrow: Why Science Fiction?", The Nation

## Further reading

* Hookham, Mark; Togoh, Isabel; Yeates, Alex (21 February 2016). "Walkers hit by curse of the smombie". The Sunday Times (UK). http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/article1670471.ece.
* Hatton, Celia (15 September 2014). "Chongqing's 'mobile lane'". BBC News (UK: BBC). https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-china-blog-29201934.

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