Pennsylvania state budget and finances

in  Pennsylvania

* Fiscal
* Budgets
* Pennsylvania state budget and finances
* Tax policy in Pennsylvania
* Finance
* Financial regulation in Pennsylvania
* Pensions
* Public pensions in Pennsylvania
* Pension health in Pennsylvania
* Civil liberties
* Affirmative action in Pennsylvania
* Campaign finance requirements in Pennsylvania
* Campaign finance requirements for Pennsylvania ballot measures
* Nonprofit regulation in Pennsylvania
* Education
* Charter schools in Pennsylvania
* Higher education in Pennsylvania
* Public education in Pennsylvania
* School choice in Pennsylvania
* Elections
* Ballot access
* Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Pennsylvania
* Ballot access requirements for political parties in Pennsylvania
* Political parties in Pennsylvania
* Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Pennsylvania
* Redistricting in Pennsylvania
* Voting in Pennsylvania
* Energy and Environment
* Energy policy in Pennsylvania
* Fracking in Pennsylvania
* Oil and gas extraction on federal land in Pennsylvania
* Endangered species in Pennsylvania
* Environmental policy in Pennsylvania
* Healthcare
* Healthcare policy in Pennsylvania
* Medicaid spending in Pennsylvania
* Effect of the Affordable Care Act in Pennsylvania
* Immigration
* Immigration in Pennsylvania

* * *

This article does not contain the most recently published data on this subject. If you would like to help our coverage grow, consider donating to Ballotpedia.

* * *

Pennsylvania budget and finances

General information
Budget calendar:
Annual
Fiscal year:
2017
State credit rating:
AA- (as of 2017)
Current governor:
Josh Shapiro
Financial figures
Total spending (state and federal funds):
$78,011,000,000 (estimated 2016)
Per capita spending:
$6,102 (estimated 2016)
Total state tax collections:
$37,394,589,000 (2016)
Per capita tax collections:
$2,925 (2016)
State debt:
$47,052,095,000 (2014)
Per capita state debt:
$3,678 (2014)

* * *

* * *

State budget and finance pages • Total state expenditures • State debt • Tax policy in Pennsylvania
Note: In comparing dollar amounts across the states, it is important to note that the cost of living can differ from state to state and within a state. The amounts given on this page have not been adjusted to reflect these differences. For more information on "regional price disparities" and the Consumer Price Index, see the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. This article, which is updated on an annual basis, was last updated in June 2017. It contains information from several sources; consequently, the currency of the information can vary from source to source.

In Pennsylvania, as in other states, lawmakers and public officials are elected in part to manage the state's finances. This includes generating revenues (money coming into the state from various sources) and approving expenditures (the money spent on governmental functions and servicing state debt). State budgets are complex and fluid, as they depend on anticipated revenues and planned expenditures, which may alter over the course of a fiscal year. If revenues do not keep pace with expenditures, states generally have to raise taxes, cut services, borrow money, or a combination of the three. State budget decisions are also influenced by policy decisions at the national level, such as the Affordable Care Act or energy and environmental regulations, and issues at the local level, such as crime and the quality of education.

HIGHLIGHTS

* Between fiscal years 2015 and 2016, total government spending in Pennsylvania increased by approximately $4.5 billion—from $73.5 billion in fiscal year 2015 to an estimated $78.0 billion in 2016. This represents a 6.1-percent increase.[1]

* In Pennsylvania in fiscal year 2015, 51.6 percent of total tax revenues came from sales taxes and gross receipts. Income taxes accounted for 38.5 percent of total state tax collections.

* Education accounted for 20.9 percent of state expenditures in fiscal year 2015, while 37 percent went to Medicaid.

## Contents

* 1 Definitions
* 2 Revenues
* 2.1 2016 revenues
* 2.2 Federal aid to the state budget
* 3 Spending
* 3.1 Estimated 2016 expenditures
* 3.2 Spending by function
* 3.3 Spending trends
* 4 State debt
* 5 Economic indicators
* 6 Budget process
* 6.1 Agencies, offices, and committees
* 6.2 Public Interest Research Group 2016 report
* 7 Noteworthy events
* 7.1 Background
* 8 Budget and finance ballot measures
* 9 Budget and finance legislation
* 10 Recent news
* 11 See also
* 12 Footnotes

## Definitions[edit]

The following terms are used to describe a state's finances:

* Revenues come mainly from tax collections, licensing fees, federal aid, and returns on investments.
* Expenditures generally include spending on government salaries, infrastructure, education, public pensions, public assistance, corrections, Medicaid, and transportation.
* State debt refers to the money borrowed to make up for a deficit when revenues do not cover spending.
* The state credit rating is the grade given by a credit rating agency based on the general financial health of the state's government and economy.
* State funds include general and other state-based funds. A general fund is "the predominant fund for financing a state's operations." Other state funds are "restricted by law for particular governmental functions or activities."[2]
* Federal funds are "funds received directly from the federal government."[2]
* Total spending is calculated by adding together the totals for state and federal funds used for expenditures.

## Revenues[edit]

### 2016 revenues[edit]

See also: State government tax collections by source

The table below breaks down state government tax collections by source in 2016 (comparable figures from surrounding states are also provided to give additional context). Figures for all columns except "2016 population" and "Per capita collections" are rendered in thousands of dollars (for example, $2,448 translates to $2,448,000). Figures in the columns labeled "2016 population" and "Per capita collections" have not been abbreviated.[3]

State tax collections by source ($ in thousands), 2016

State  | Property taxes  | Sales and gross receipts  | Licenses  | Income taxes  | Other taxes  | Total  | 2016 population  | Per capita collections
Pennsylvania | $43,124 | $19,284,374 | $2,159,170 | $14,388,463 | $1,519,458 | $37,394,589 | 12,784,227 | $2,925
Maryland | $748,389 | $8,939,430 | $884,363 | $9,646,537 | $675,480 | $20,894,199 | 6,016,447 | $3,473
New Jersey | $4,638 | $13,173,332 | $1,499,889 | $15,585,479 | $1,283,382 | $31,546,720 | 8,944,469 | $3,527
New York | N/A | $24,790,017 | $1,794,987 | $50,690,443 | $4,078,516 | $81,353,963 | 19,745,289 | $4,120
United States | $18,364,298 | $442,909,995 | $52,164,396 | $392,286,910 | $24,538,146 | $930,263,745 | 322,762,018 | $2,882.20
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "2016 annual survey of state government tax collections by category," accessed June 26, 2017

The table below lists 2016 tax collections by source as percentages of total collections. About 51.6 percent of Pennsylvania's total state tax collections came from sales taxes and gross receipts.[3]

State tax collections by source (as percentages), 2016

State  | Property taxes  | Sales and gross receipts  | Licenses  | Income taxes  | Other taxes
Pennsylvania | 0.1% | 51.6% | 5.8% | 38.5% | 4.1%
Maryland | 3.6% | 42.8% | 4.2% | 46.2% | 3.2%
New Jersey | 0.0% | 41.8% | 4.8% | 49.4% | 4.1%
New York | N/A | 30.5% | 2.2% | 62.3% | 5.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "2016 annual survey of state government tax collections by category," accessed April 4, 2016

### Federal aid to the state budget[edit]

See also: Federal aid to state budgets

State governments receive aid from the federal government to fund a variety of joint programs, mainly in the form of grants for such things as Medicaid, education, and transportation. In 2014, federal aid to the states accounted for roughly 31 percent of all state general revenues. Federal aid varies from state to state. For example, Mississippi received approximately $7.2 billion in federal aid in 2014, accounting for about 41 percent of the state's general revenues, the highest percentage of all of the states. By contrast, North Dakota received about $1.5 billion in federal aid in 2014, or just 17 percent of the state's general revenues, the lowest percentage in the nation.[4]

The table below notes what share of Pennsylvania’s general revenues came from the federal government in 2014. That year, Pennsylvania received approximately $21.6 billion in federal aid, 30.8 percent of the state's general revenues. Taking into consideration the state's 2014 population, this came out to about $1,692 in federal aid per capita. Figures from surrounding states are provided for additional context.[4]

Federal aid to state budgets, 2014

State  | Total federal aid ($ in thousands)  | Federal aid as a % of general revenues  | Ranking (by % of general revenues)  | Est. 2014 population  | Aid per capita
Pennsylvania | $21,647,328 | 30.8% | 30 | 12,790,565 | $1,692
Maryland | $10,670,601 | 29.4% | 32 | 5,967,295 | $1,788
New Jersey | $15,438,821 | 27.3% | 39 | 8,925,001 | $1,730
New York | $48,168,577 | 32.8% | 24 | 19,718,515 | $2,443
Sources: United States Census Bureau, "2014 State and Local Government Finances," accessed June 26, 2017
Note: Per-capita figures were generated by Ballotpedia by dividing total federal aid for the state by the estimated population of that state in 2014.

## Spending[edit]

### Estimated 2016 expenditures[edit]

See also: Total state expenditures

The table below breaks down estimated spending totals for fiscal year 2016 (comparable figures from surrounding states are included to provide additional context). Figures for all columns except "Population” and “Per capita spending" are rendered in millions of dollars (for example, $2,448 translates to $2,448,000,000). Figures in the columns labeled "Population” and “Per capita spending" have not been abbreviated.[5]

The total estimated government spending in Pennsylvania in fiscal year 2016 was $78.0 billion.

Total estimated state spending, FY 2016 ($ in millions)

State  | State funds  | Federal funds  | Total spending  | Population  | Per capita spending
Pennsylvania | $50,858 | $27,153 | $78,011 | 12,784,227 | $6,102
Maryland | $29,634 | $11,549 | $41,183 | 6,016,447 | $6,845
New Jersey | $42,398 | $17,440 | $59,838 | 8,944,469 | $6,690
New York | $101,232 | $49,476 | $150,708 | 19,745,289 | $7,633
Per-capita figures are calculated by taking the state's total spending and dividing by the number of state residents according to United States Census Bureau estimates.
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report (Fiscal 2014-2016)," accessed June 26, 2017

### Spending by function[edit]

See also: State spending by function as a percent of total expenditures

State spending in Pennsylvania can be further broken down by function (elementary and secondary education, public assistance, etc.). Fiscal year 2015 information is included in the table below (information from neighboring states is provided for additional context). Figures are rendered as percentages, indicating the share of the total budget spent per category.[5]

In fiscal year 2015, Medicaid accounted for 37 percent of Pennsylvania's total expenditures.

State spending by function as a percent of total expenditures, FY 2015

State  | K-12 education  | Higher education  | Public assistance  | Medicaid  | Corrections  | Trans-
portation  | Other
Pennsylvania | 18.5% | 2.4% | 1.6% | 37.0% | 3.4% | 10.4% | 26.6%
Maryland | 18.3% | 14.2% | 3.4% | 24.2% | 3.9% | 10.8% | 25.2%
New Jersey | 22.9% | 8.0% | 0.7% | 24.2% | 2.8% | 8.9% | 32.5%
New York | 19.0% | 7.4% | 2.6% | 31.7% | 2.2% | 6.6% | 30.5%
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers
Note: "Other" expenditures include "Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), institutional and community care for the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, public health programs, employer contributions to pensions and health benefits, economic development, environmental projects, state police, parks and recreation, housing and general aid to local governments."[5]

### Spending trends[edit]

The table below details the spending trends in Pennsylvania in previous years. Figures are rendered as percentages, indicating the share of the total budget spent per category.[1][6][7]

Spending by function from 2010 to 2015 (as percentages)

Year  | K-12 education  | Higher education  | Public assistance  | Medicaid  | Corrections  | Transportation  | Other
2015 | 18.5% | 2.4% | 1.6% | 37.0% | 3.4% | 10.4% | 26.6%
2014 | 18.7% | 2.6% | 5.5% | 33.3% | 3.4% | 9.6% | 26.8%
2013 | 14.9% | 2.1% | 1.5% | 26.9% | 2.6% | 7.5% | 44.6%
2012 | 18.4% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 33.2% | 3.5% | 9.3% | 30.8%
2011 | 19.5% | 3.2% | 2.1% | 31.8% | 3.2% | 8.8% | 31.4%
2010 | 19.8% | 3.3% | 2.2% | 29.6% | 3.4% | 10.1% | 31.6%
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers
Note: "Other" expenditures include "Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), institutional and community care for the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, public health programs, employer contributions to pensions and health benefits, economic development, environmental projects, state police, parks and recreation, housing and general aid to local governments."[5]

## State debt[edit]

See also: Pennsylvania state debt

State debt refers to any debt owned by a state government. Debt may include any financial obligations a state has that have not been paid, such as bonds issued by state governments, money borrowed by a state government that has not been repaid, or post-retirement benefits promised to state employees. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania had a debt of $47,052,095,000 in fiscal year 2015. The state debt per capita was $3,678. This ranked Pennsylvania seventh among the states in debt and 20th in per capita debt. The total state debt owned by the 50 states was $1.15 trillion with a per capita debt of $3,582.[8]

## Economic indicators[edit]

See also: Economic indicators by state

Pennsylvania's GDP increased by 1.8 percent in 2014. Click the image to view a larger version.

Broadly defined, a healthy economy is typically one that has a "stable and strong rate of economic growth" (gross state product, in this case) and low unemployment, among many other factors. The economic health of a state can significantly affect its healthcare costs, insurance coverage, access to care, and citizens' physical and mental health. For instance, during economic downturns, employers may reduce insurance coverage for employees while those who are laid off may lose coverage altogether. Individuals also tend to spend less on non-urgent care or postpone visits to the doctor when times are hard. These changes, in turn, may affect the decisions made by policymakers as they react to shifts in the industry. Additionally, a person's socioeconomic status has profound effects on their access to care and the quality of care received.[9][10][11]

Most Pennsylvania residents earned incomes above 400 percent of the federal poverty level in 2013, with a median annual income of $52,481. The state's unemployment rate was similar to the national rate at 5.7 percent.[12][13][14][15]

Note: Gross state product (GSP) on its own is not necessarily an indicator of economic health; GSP may also be influenced by state population size. Many factors must be looked at together to assess state economic health.

Various economic indicators by state

State  | Distribution of population by FPL* (2013)  | Median annual income (2011-2013)  | Unemployment rate  | Total GSP (2013)†
Under 100%  | 100-199%  | 200-399%  | 400%+  | Sept. 2013  | Sept. 2014
Pennsylvania | 13% | 17% | 30% | 40% | $52,481 | 7.3% | 5.7% | $644,915
Maryland | 10% | 16% | 28% | 46% | $69,518 | 6.5% | 6.3% | $342,382
New York | 15% | 20% | 26% | 39% | $51,962 | 7.5% | 6.2% | $1,310,712
Ohio | 14% | 21% | 33% | 32% | $46,672 | 7.4% | 5.6% | $565,272
United States | 15% | 19% | 30% | 36% | $52,047 | 7.2% | 5.9% | $16,701,415
* Federal Poverty Level. "The U.S. Census Bureau's poverty threshold for a family with two adults and one child was $18,751 in 2013. This is the official measurement of poverty used by the Federal Government."
† Median annual household income, 2011-2013.
‡ In millions of current dollars. "Gross State Product is a measurement of a state's output; it is the sum of value added from all industries in the state."
Source: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "State Health Facts"

## Budget process[edit]

State documents and agenciesBelow are links to official Pennsylvania budget and financial documents. The first is the state's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). A CAFR is a detailed presentation of a government entity's financial condition. This includes fiscal activities and balances for a fiscal year. The second link is to the state's relevant budget agency or office.

* Pennsylvania CAFR
* Pennsylvania budget agency

The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[16]

1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August.
2. State agencies submit their requests to the governor in October.
3. Agency hearings are held between December and January.
4. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in February. In a governor's first term, the budget proposal is submitted in March.
5. The legislature adopts a budget by June 30. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.

Pennsylvania is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[16][17]

The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to pass a balanced budget.[16]

### Agencies, offices, and committees[edit]

The following standing committees in the Pennsylvania State Legislature deal with budget and finance matters:

1. Appropriations Committee, Pennsylvania House of Representatives
2. Appropriations Committee, Pennsylvania State Senate
3. Finance Committee, Pennsylvania House of Representatives
4. Finance Committee, Pennsylvania State Senate
5. Legislative Budget and Finance Committee, Pennsylvania General Assembly

The Pennsylvania Auditor General has been the state's fiscal watchdog since 1809, when the position was created by an act of the General Assembly. The auditor general was appointed by the governor until 1850 when the position became an elected office. State and local audits reports are published online.[18]

### Public Interest Research Group 2016 report[edit]

The U.S. Public Interest Research Group, a consumer-focused nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., released its annual report on state transparency websites in April 2016. The report, entitled "Following the Money," measured how transparent and accountable state websites were with regard to state government spending. According to the report, Pennsylvania received a grade of B and a numerical score of 83, indicating that Pennsylvania was "Advancing" in terms of transparency regarding state spending.[19]

## Noteworthy events[edit]

* On June 30, 2017, the Republican-controlled Pennsylvania General Assembly sent Gov. Tom Wolf (D) a $32 billion spending plan for the fiscal year that began on July 1. The budget increased by 1.6 percent over the 2016-2017 budget, leaving a projected $1.5 billion shortfall from the previous year. Collectively, the state began the 2018 fiscal year with a $2 billion budget gap. The House approved the budget 173-27, while the Senate approved it 43-7.
* On July 6, the credit-rating agency S&P Global Ratings announced that it had placed Pennsylvania on what it called a "negative credit watch." The agency stated, "Pennsylvania has repeatedly had protracted budget negotiations that failed to result in structural alignment." A decreased credit rating would increase borrowing costs for the state.[20]
* On July 10, Wolf announced that he would allow the budget to become law without his signature and without a revenue plan in place. In a statement, he said, "In the coming days, it is my hope that the General Assembly will come together to pass a responsible solution to balance our books." In Pennsylvania, the governor has 10 days to sign or veto legislation after receiving it or it automatically becomes law. Wolf did not sign the 2016-2017 state budget either, which also went into effect without a revenue plan in place.[21][22]
* On July 27, the state Senate, with support from Gov. Tom Wolf (D), passed a revenue package that included a severance tax on gas and oil companies worth an estimated $100 million per year. A severance tax is a tax placed on the extraction of nonrenewable resources. Energy companies in the state opposed the severance tax, arguing that it would make the state less competitive and hurt consumers. The senate plan also proposed increases for utility bills and borrowing $1.3 billion against funds that the state receives from a 1998 legal settlement with tobacco companies. The legislation passed 26-24 with support from both Democrats and Republicans and was sent to the House.[23]
* On October 25, the legislature approved a gambling expansion bill that would legalize online casino and lottery games, authorize 10 new casino locations in the state, and allow casino-style gambling games in truck stops and airports. That bill would raise an estimated $200 million per year in license fees and taxes on higher gambling losses. A $1.5 billion borrowing plan and estimated tax increases of $140 million per year were approved that same day; patching up about $1.8 billion of the $2.3 billion budget deficit.[24] On October 31, Gov. Wolf signed the budget legislation.[25]

#### Background[edit]

* Major proposals for revenue packages throughout the 2017 legislative session included borrowing money, expanding gambling and liquor sales in the state, and tax increases. Senate and House Republicans voiced support for temporary measures to borrow against state accounts, while Republicans in the House also advocated for delaying a vote on legislation that provides funding various universities in the state. Wolf advocated for tax increases on certain business practices and the natural gas industry.

* The Pennsylvania constitution states that spending “shall not exceed the actual and estimated revenues and surplus available.”[26][27][28]

## Budget and finance ballot measures[edit]

Voting on state and local government budgets, spending, and finance

Policy
Budget policy
Ballot measures
By state
By year
Not on ballot
| Local

City budgets
County budgets
Spending limits
School budgets

See also: State and local government budgets, spending and finance on the ballot and List of Pennsylvania ballot measures

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to state and local budget and financial matters in Pennsylvania.

1. Pennsylvania Financial Assistance for 1971-1972 Flood Damage Amendment (1972)
2. Pennsylvania Question 1, Redirect Bonds to Rehabilitation Homes Measure (1982)
3. Pennsylvania Question 1, Increase Debt Limit of Vietnam Conflict Veterans' Compensation Act Amendment (1973)
4. Pennsylvania Question 1, Local Government Debt Limit Increase Amendment (May 1966)
5. Pennsylvania Question 1, Refund of Taxes and Fees Amendment (1961)
6. Pennsylvania Convention Proposals 3 and 4, Borrowing Limit Amendment (April 1968)
7. Pennsylvania Convention Proposal 5, Reimbursement of Local Taxing Authorities Amendment (April 1968)

## Budget and finance legislation[edit]

The following is a list of recent budget and finance bills that have been introduced in or passed by the  Pennsylvania state legislature. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. This information is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.

Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.

## Recent news[edit]

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Pennsylvania budget. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Pennsylvania state budget and finances - Google News

## See also[edit]

* Historical Pennsylvania budget and finance information
* Tax policy in Pennsylvania
* Pennsylvania government sector lobbying
* Pennsylvania public pensions
* Governor of Pennsylvania
* Pennsylvania State Senate
* Pennsylvania House of Representatives
* Pennsylvania State Legislature

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report (Fiscal 2014-2016)," accessed June 26, 2017
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report: 2013-2015," accessed April 7, 2016
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 U.S. Census Bureau, "2016 annual survey of state government tax collections by category," accessed June 26, 2017
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 United States Census Bureau, "2014 State and Local Government Finances," accessed June 26, 2017
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Summaries of Fiscal Year 2015 Proposed and Enacted Budgets," July 11, 2014
6. ↑ National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report, 2009-2011," accessed February 24, 2014
7. ↑ National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditures Report, 2010-2012," accessed February 24, 2014
8. ↑ United States Census Bureau, "State Government Finances," accessed June 4, 2017
9. ↑ Academy Health, "Impact of the Economy on Health Care," August 2009
10. ↑ The Conversation, "Budget explainer: What do key economic indicators tell us about the state of the economy?" May 6, 2015
11. ↑ Health Affairs, "Socioeconomic Disparities In Health: Pathways And Policies," accessed July 13, 2015
12. ↑ The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Distribution of Total Population by Federal Poverty Level," accessed July 17, 2015
13. ↑ The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Median Annual Household Income," accessed July 17, 2015
14. ↑ The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Unemployment Rate (Seasonally Adjusted)," accessed July 17, 2015
15. ↑ The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, "Total Gross State Product (GSP) (millions of current dollars)," accessed July 17, 2015
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
17. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
18. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General, "State and Local Audit Reports," accessed May 1, 2014
19. ↑ U.S. Public Interest Research Group, "Following the Money 2016 Report," accessed June 29, 2017
20. ↑ The Inquirer, "S&P threatens to cut Pa. credit rating," July 6, 2017
21. ↑ The Morning Call, "Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf to let budget become law," July 11, 201
22. ↑ U.S. News, "Pennsylvania Budget Takes Effect Amid Fight Over Funding It," July 10, 2017
23. ↑ U.S. News, "Pennsylvania Senate Approves Higher Taxes to Balance Budget," July 27, 2017
24. ↑ NBC 10, "Budget Bills Are Ugly But Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf Has Little Choice But to Sign," October 28, 2017
25. ↑ The Inquirer Daily News, "Wolf signs bills to balance Pa. budget with gambling and borrowing, hints of veto of education bill," October 30, 2017
26. ↑ The Morning Call, "Pennsylvania's budget still not finished," July 5, 2017
27. ↑ The Inquirer, "PA. budget talks drag on," July 5, 2017
28. ↑ Lehigh Valley, "House, Senate send Pennsylvania budget to Gov. Wolf," June 30, 2017

v • e

Budget policy

Budget background|

Government budgets • Cost of state transparency websites • State budget issues • Public employee salaries • Public pensions • States with spending online • Glossary of state budget terms • Total state expenditures • State spending by function as a percent of total expenditures

* * *

State budget and finance pages|

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

* * *

Tax policy background|

Personal income tax • Sales tax • Corporate income tax • Property tax • Excise taxes • Estate and inheritance taxes • Capital gains tax

* * *

State tax policy pages|

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

* * *

Comparative analysis of state debt|

Federal outlays to state government (2014-2017) • State tax revenue projections and shortfalls (2020-2021) • Proportion of state government general revenues from the federal government (2014-2018) • State debt per capita (2014-2018) • State unfunded public pension liabilities, 2003-2018

v • e

State of Pennsylvania
Harrisburg (capital)

|

Elections |

What's on my ballot? | Elections in 2026 | How to vote | How to run for office | Ballot measures

Government |

Who represents me? | U.S. President | U.S. Congress | Federal courts | State executives | State legislature | State and local courts | Counties | Cities | School districts | Public policy