Lessons of the Holocaust

Short description: Philosophical and Historical Theory

For the book, see Lessons of the Holocaust (book).

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It is debated whether there are moral, ethical, or political lessons to be learned from the Holocaust, and if so what they are. In contemporary discourse, there are many references to proposed lessons to be learned from the Holocaust, which are less common in the work of Holocaust scholars.[1] In his 2016 book of the same title, Michael Marrus classifies the lessons drawn from the Holocaust into the categories of early, Jewish, Israeli, and universal lessons.[2] The authors of a book on Holocaust education separate the lessons into deontological, consequentialist, and ontological lessons.[3] Political scientist Ian Lustick classifies responses to the Holocaust by Israeli Jews into four categories: the Holocaust as a "Zionist Proof-text; Wasting Asset; Object Lesson for safeguarding human rights; and Template for Jewish life". He argues that the last has become hegemonic since the 1980s and that the consequences of seeing enemies as Nazis and threats as existential are damaging to Israel.[4] The existence of specific lessons to be learned from the Holocaust is cited as a justification for Holocaust education, but challenged by some critics.[5] There is a tension between the argument that the Holocaust was a unique event in history and that it has lessons that could be applied to other situations.[6]

## See also

* Never again

## References

1. ↑ Marrus, Michael R. (2015). "‘Lessons’ of the Holocaust and the Ceaseless, Discordant Search for Meaning" (in en). Holocaust Scholarship: Personal Trajectories and Professional Interpretations. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 170–186. ISBN 978-1-137-51419-6.
2. ↑ Marrus, Michael R. (2016) (in en). Lessons of the Holocaust. TOC: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-3008-6.
3. ↑ Foster, Stuart; Pearce, Andy; Pettigrew, Alice (2020) (in en). Holocaust Education: Contemporary challenges and controversies. UCL Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-78735-569-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=bVz5DwAAQBAJ.
4. ↑ Lustick, Ian S. (2017). "The Holocaust in Israeli Political Culture: Four Constructions and Their Consequences: Editor's Note: This Article is Followed by Four Comments and a Response by Ian Lustick". Contemporary Jewry 37 (1): 125–170. doi:10.1007/s12397-017-9208-7.
5. ↑ Short, Geoffrey (2003). "Lessons of the Holocaust: A response to the critics". Educational Review 55 (3): 277–287. doi:10.1080/0013191032000118938.
6. ↑ Blum, Lawrence (15 May 2017). "The Holocaust in American Life as a Moral Text" (in en). Moral Philosophy and the Holocaust. pp. 257–274. doi:10.4324/9781315248677-15. ISBN 9781315248677. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315248677-15/holocaust-american-life-moral-text-lawrence-blum.

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The Holocaust

| By territory|

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* Tunisia
* Ukraine

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Lists and
timelines

* Victims of Nazism
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Camps and ghettos

| Concentration|

* Auschwitz concentration camp
* Bergen-Belsen
* Bogdanovka
* Buchenwald
* Dachau
* Danica
* Đakovo
* Flossenbürg
* Gonars
* Gospić
* Gross-Rosen
* Herzogenbusch
* Jadovno
* Janowska
* Kaiserwald
* Kaufering
* Kraków-Płaszów
* Kruščica
* Lobor
* Mauthausen-Gusen
* Mittelbau-Dora
* Neuengamme
* Ravensbrück
* Sachsenhausen
* Salaspils
* Sereď
* Sisak
* Stutthof
* Tenja
* Topovske Šupe
* Warsaw

|

Extermination|

* Auschwitz II-Birkenau
* Belzec
* Chełmno
* Jasenovac
* Majdanek
* Maly Trostinets
* Sajmište
* Slana
* Sobibor
* Treblinka

Transit|

* be
* Breendonk
* Mechelen
* fr
* Gurs
* Drancy
* it
* Bolzano
* Borgo San Dalmazzo
* Risiera di San Sabba
* nl
* Amersfoort
* Schoorl
* Westerbork

Methods|

* Einsatzgruppen
* Gas van
* Gas chamber
* Extermination through labour
* Human experimentation

Nazi units|

* SS-Totenkopfverbände
* Concentration Camps Inspectorate
* Politische Abteilung
* Sanitätswesen

Ghettos|

| Poland|

* Białystok
* Kraków
* Łódź
* Lublin
* Lwów
* Radom
* Warsaw

|

Elsewhere|

* Budapest
* Kovno
* Minsk
* Riga
* Theresienstadt
* Vilna

Judenrat|

* Jewish Ghetto Police
* Reich Association of Jews in Germany
* Ústredňa Židov

Victims

| Jews|

| Roundups|

* fr
* Izieu
* Marseille
* Vel' d'Hiv

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Pogroms|

* Kristallnacht
* Bucharest
* Dorohoi
* Iaşi
* Jedwabne
* Kaunas
* Lviv
* Odessa
* Tykocin
* Wąsosz

"Final Solution"|

* Wannsee Conference
* Operation Reinhard
* Holocaust trains
* Erntefest
* Extermination camps

Einsatzgruppen|

* Babi Yar
* Kamianets-Podilskyi
* Ninth Fort
* Piaśnica
* Ponary
* Rumbula

Resistance|

* Jewish partisans
* Ghetto uprisings
* Warsaw
* Białystok
* Częstochowa
* "Like sheep to the slaughter"

Rescue|

* Aid and Rescue Committee
* Bielski partisans
* Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
* Danish underground
* Working Group
* Żegota

End of World War II|

* Death marches
* Wola massacre

Others|

* Romani people (gypsies)
* Poles
* Soviet POWs
* Slavs in Eastern Europe
* Homosexuals
* People with disabilities
* Serbs
* Freemasons
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Catholics
* Black people

Responsibility

| Organizations|

* Nazi Party
* Schutzstaffel (SS)
* Reich Security Main Office (RSHA)
* Referat IV B4
* Sicherheitsdienst (SD)
* Ordnungspolizei (Orpo)
* Waffen-SS
* Wehrmacht

|

Units|

* Einsatzgruppen
* Police Regiments
* Order Police battalions

Collaborators|

* Arajs Kommando
* Lithuanian Security Police
* Nederlandsche SS
* Rollkommando Hamann
* Special Brigades
* Topf and Sons
* Trawnikis
* Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
* Ypatingasis būrys

Individuals|

* Major perpetrators
* Nazi ideologues

* Early elements
* Aftermath
* Remembrance

| Early elements|

* Nazi racial policy
* Nazi eugenics
* Nuremberg Laws
* Haavara Agreement
* Hitler's prophecy
* Madagascar Plan
* Nisko Plan
* Forced euthanasia (Action T4)

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Aftermath|

* Holocaust survivors
* Sh'erit ha-Pletah
* Bricha
* Survivor guilt
* Secondary antisemitism
* Postwar violence
* Nuremberg trials
* Denazification
* Reparations
* Holocaust denial
* trivialization

Remembrance|

* Days of remembrance
* Memorials and museums
* Academia
* Righteous Among the Nations
* Yizkor books
* Never again

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