Thallium hydride

Thallium hydride  Names

Systematic IUPAC name

Thallane[1] (substitutive)
Trihydridothallium[1] (additive)

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 82391-14-8

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChEBI |

* CHEBI:30437 Y

ChemSpider |

* 123171 Y

Gmelin Reference

| 362119

PubChem CID

* 139662

InChI

* InChI=1S/Tl.3H Y

Key: NWUWMQRSDSSETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

SMILES

* [TlH3]

Properties

Chemical formula

| TlH3
Molar mass | 207.4071 g mol−1

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Thallium hydride (systematically named thallium trihydride) is an inorganic compound with the empirical chemical formula TlH3. It has not yet been obtained in bulk, hence its bulk properties remain unknown. However, molecular thallium hydride has been isolated in solid gas matrices. Thallium hydride is mainly produced for academic purposes.

Thallium hydride is the simplest thallane. Thallium is the heaviest member of the Group 13 metals; the stability of group 13 hydrides decreases with increasing periodic number. This is commonly attributed to poor overlap of the metal valence orbitals with that of the 1s orbital of Hydrogen. Despite encouraging early reports, it is unlikely that a thallium hydride species has been isolated. Thallium hydrides have been observed only in matrix isolation studies; the infrared spectrum was obtained in the gas phase by laser ablation of thallium in the presence of hydrogen gas.[2] This study confirmed aspects of ab initio calculations conducted by Schwerdtfeger which indicated the similar stability of thallium and indium hydrides.[3] There has not been a confirmed isolation of a thallium hydride complex to date.

## History

In 2004, American chemist Lester Andrews synthesised thallium hydride for the first time. This reaction sequence consisted of atomisation of thallium, followed by cryogenic co-deposition with hydrogen, and concluded with shortwave ultraviolet irradiation.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "thallane (CHEBI:30437)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 27 November 2006. Main. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:30437. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
2. ↑ Andrew, L.; Wang, X. (2004). "Infrared Spectra of Thallium Hydrides in Solid Neon, Hydrogen, and Argon.". J. Phys. Chem. A 108 (16): 3396–3402. doi:10.1021/jp0498973. Bibcode: 2004JPCA..108.3396W.
3. ↑ Schwerdtfeger, P.; Hunt, P. (1996). "Are the Compounds InH3 and TlH3 Stable Gas Phase or Solid State Species?". Inorg. Chem. 35 (7): 2085–2088. doi:10.1021/ic950411u.

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Thallium compounds

Thallium(I)|

* TlN3
* TlOH
* TlI
* TlBr
* Tl2CO3
* TlCl
* TlF
* Tl2O
* Tl2SO4
* Tl2S
* Tl2Te
* TlI3
* TBCCO

| Organothallium(I)|

* Tl(C2H3O2)3
* Tl2C3H2O4
* TlC5H5

|

Thallium(III)|

* TlH3
* Tl(OH)3
* Tl2O3
* Tl(NO3)3

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Binary compounds of hydrogen

Alkali metal (Group 1) hydrides|

* LiH
* NaH
* KH
* RbH
* CsH

Lithium hydride, LiH
ionic metal hydride

Beryllium hydride
Left (gas phase): BeH2
covalent metal hydride
Right: (BeH2)n (solid phase)
polymeric metal hydride

Borane and diborane
Left: BH3 (special conditions), covalent metalloid hydride
Right: B2H6 (standard conditions), dimeric metalloid hydride

Methane, CH4
covalent nonmetal hydride

Ammonia, NH3
covalent nonmetal hydride

Water, H2O
covalent nonmetal hydride

Hydrogen fluoride, HF
covalent nonmetal hydride

Alkaline (Group 2) earth hydrides|

| Monohydrides|

* BeH
* MgH
* CaH
* SrH
* BaH

|

Dihydrides|

* BeH2
* MgH2
* CaH2
* SrH2
* BaH2

|

Group 13 hydrides|

| Boranes|

* BH3
* B2H6
* B2H2
* B2H4
* B4H10
* B5H9
* B5H11
* B6H10
* B6H12
* B10H14
* B18H22

|

Alanes|

* AlH3
* Al2H6

|

Gallanes|

* GaH3
* Ga2H6

|

Indiganes|

* InH3
* In2H6

|

Thallanes|

* TlH3
* Tl2H6

|

Group 14 hydrides|

| Linear alkanes|

* CH4
* C2H6
* C3H8
* C4H10
* C5H12
* C6H14
* C7H16
* C8H18
* C9H20
* C10H22
* more...

|

Linear alkenes|

* C2H4
* C3H6
* C4H8
* C5H10
* C6H12
* C7H14
* C8H16
* C9H18
* C10H20
* more...

|

Linear alkynes|

* C2H2
* C3H4
* C4H6
* C5H8
* C6H10
* C7H12
* C8H14
* C9H16
* C10H18
* more...

|

Silanes|

* SiH4
* Si2H6
* Si3H8
* Si4H10
* Si5H12
* Si6H14
* Si7H16
* Si8H18
* Si9H20
* Si10H22
* more...

|

Silenes|

* Si2H4

|

Silynes|

* Si2H2
* SiH

|

Germanes|

* GeH4
* Ge2H6
* Ge3H8
* Ge4H10
* Ge5H12

|

Stannanes|

* SnH4
* Sn2H6

|

Plumbanes|

* PbH4

|

* CH
* CH2
* CH3
* C2H
* Cycloalkanes
* Cycloalkenes
* Annulenes
* Many more

Pnictogen (Group 15) hydrides|

| Azanes|

* NH3
* N2H4
* N3H5
* N4H6
* N5H7
* N6H8
* N7H9
* N8H10
* N9H11
* N10H12
* more...

|

Azenes|

* N2H2
* N3H3
* N4H4

|

Phosphanes|

* PH3
* P2H4
* P3H5
* P4H6
* P5H7
* P6H8
* P7H9
* P8H10
* P9H11
* P10H12
* more...

|

Phosphenes|

* P2H2
* P3H3
* P4H4

|

Arsanes|

* AsH3
* As2H4

|

Stibanes|

* SbH3

|

Bismuthanes|

* BiH3

|

* HN3
* NH
* radical

Hydrogen chalcogenides (Group 16 hydrides)|

| Polyoxidanes|

* H2O
* H2O2
* H2O3
* H2O4
* H2O5
* H2O6
* H2O7
* H2O8
* H2O9
* H2O10
* more...

|

Polysulfanes|

* H2S
* H2S2
* H2S3
* H2S4
* H2S5
* H2S6
* H2S7
* H2S8
* H2S9
* H2S10
* more...

|

Selanes|

* H2Se
* H2Se2

|

Tellanes|

* H2Te
* H2Te2

|

Polanes|

* PoH2

|

* HO
* HO2
* HO3
* H2O+–O–
* H2S=S
* (HS)2S+–S–
* HS
* HDO
* D2O
* T2O

Hydrogen halides (Group 17 hydrides)|

* HF
* HCl
* HBr
* HI
* HAt

Transition metal hydrides|

* ScH2
* YH2
* YH3
* TiH2
* ZrH2
* HfH2
* VH
* VH2
* NbH
* NbH2
* TaH
* CrH
* CrH2
* CrHx
* NiH
* PdHx (x < 1)
* FeH
* FeH2
* FeH5
* CuH
* ZnH2
* CdH2
* HgH2

Lanthanide hydrides|

* LaH2
* LaH3
* LaH10
* CeH2
* CeH3
* PrH2
* PrH3
* NdH2
* NdH3
* SmH2
* SmH3
* EuH2
* GdH2
* GdH3
* TbH2
* TbH3
* DyH2
* DyH3
* HoH2
* HoH3
* ErH2
* ErH3
* TmH2
* TmH3
* YbH2
* YbH2.5
* LuH2
* LuH3

Actinide hydrides|

* AcH2
* ThH2
* Th4H15
* PaH3
* UH3
* NpH2
* NpH3
* PuH2
* PuH3
* AmH2
* AmH3
* CmH2

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