Intel Core

Short description: Line of CPUs by Intel

Intel Core

Logo since 2023

General Info
Launched| January 2006; 18 years ago (2006-01)
Marketed by| Intel
Designed by| Intel
Common manufacturer(s)|

* Intel
* TSMC

Performance
Max. CPU clock rate| 400 MHz to 6.2 GHz
FSB speeds| 533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s
QPI speeds| 4.8 GT/s to 6.4 GT/s
DMI speeds| 2.0 GT/s to 16 GT/s
Data width| Up to 64 bits
Address width| Up to 64 bits
Virtual address width| Up to 57 bits
Cache
L1 cache| Up to 112 KB per P-core
96 KB per E-core or LP E-core
L2 cache| Core and Core 2: Up to 12 MB
Nehalem-present: Up to 2 MB per P-core and up to 3 MB per E-core cluster
L3 cache| Up to 36 MB
Architecture and classification
Min. feature size| 65 nm to Intel 4 and TSMC N5
Microarchitecture|

* Core
* Nehalem
* Westmere
* Sandy Bridge
* Ivy Bridge
* Haswell
* Broadwell
* Skylake
* Sunny Cove
* Willow Cove
* Cypress Cove
* Golden Cove
* Raptor Cove
* Gracemont
* Redwood Cove
* Crestmont

Instruction set| x86-64
Instructions| MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, AVX-512, TSX, AES-NI, FMA3, AVX-VNNI
Extensions|

* EIST, TXT, VT-x, VT-d, SHA, ~~SGX~~

Physical specifications
Cores|

*     * P-cores: 2-10
* E-cores: 4-16
* Total: 1-24

GPU(s)| Intel Graphics Technology
Socket(s)|

* LGA 775
* LGA 1156
* LGA 1155
* LGA 1150
* LGA 1151
* LGA 1151v2
* LGA 1200
* LGA 1700
* LGA 1851

Products, models, variants
Brand name(s)|

*     * Core
* Core 2
* Core i3 (2010–2023)/Core 3 (2023–present)
* Core i5 (2009–2023)/Core 5 (2023–present)
* Core i7 (2008–2023)/Core 7 (2023–present)
* Core i9 (2017–2023)/Core 9 (2023–present)

Variant(s)| Intel Processor (budget CPUs)
History
Predecessor| Pentium

The most recent flagship model, the Intel Core i9-14900K

Intel Core is a line of multi-core (with the exception of Core Solo and Core 2 Solo) central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets.

The lineup of Core processors includes the Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, and Core i9.[1]

In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 History
* 2.1 Core
* 2.2 Core 2
* 2.2.1 Core 2 Solo
* 2.2.2 Core 2 Duo
* 2.2.3 Core 2 Quad
* 2.2.4 Core 2 Extreme
* 2.3 1st generation
* 2.4 2nd generation
* 2.5 3rd generation
* 2.6 4th generation
* 2.7 5th generation
* 2.8 6th generation
* 2.8.1 Broadwell microarchitecture
* 2.8.2 Skylake microarchitecture
* 2.9 7th generation
* 2.9.1 Skylake microarchitecture
* 2.9.2 Kaby Lake
* 2.10 8th generation
* 2.10.1 Kaby Lake Refresh
* 2.10.2 Coffee Lake microarchitecture
* 2.10.3 Amber Lake microarchitecture
* 2.10.4 Whiskey Lake microarchitecture
* 2.10.4.1 Architecture changes compared to Kaby Lake Refresh
* 2.10.5 Cannon Lake microarchitecture
* 2.10.5.1 Architecture changes compared to Coffee Lake
* 2.10.6 Mobile processors (U-Series)
* 2.11 9th generation
* 2.11.1 Skylake microarchitecture
* 2.11.2 Coffee Lake Refresh microarchitecture
* 2.12 10th generation
* 2.12.1 Cascade Lake microarchitecture
* 2.12.2 Ice Lake microarchitecture
* 2.12.3 Features
* 2.12.3.1 CPU
* 2.12.3.2 GPU
* 2.12.3.3 Package
* 2.12.4 Mobile processors (U-Series)
* 2.12.5 Mobile processors (Y-Series)
* 2.12.6 Comet Lake microarchitecture
* 2.12.7 Architecture changes in Comet Lake-U compared to Whiskey Lake
* 2.12.8 Desktop processors (S-Series)
* 2.12.9 Mobile processors (H-Series)
* 2.12.10 Mobile processors (U-Series)
* 2.12.11 Comet Lake Refresh microarchitecture
* 2.12.12 Amber Lake Refresh microarchitecture
* 2.13 11th generation
* 2.13.1 Tiger Lake
* 2.13.2 Architecture changes compared to Ice Lake
* 2.13.3 CPU
* 2.13.4 GPU
* 2.13.5 I/O
* 2.13.6 Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H)
* 2.13.7 Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H35)
* 2.13.8 Mobile processors (UP3-class)
* 2.13.9 Embedded mobile processors (UP3-class)
* 2.13.10 Mobile processors (UP4-class)
* 2.13.11 Desktop/tablet processors (Tiger Lake-B)
* 2.13.12 Rocket Lake microarchitecture
* 2.13.13 Architecture changes in comparison with Comet Lake
* 2.13.14 CPU
* 2.13.15 GPU
* 2.13.16 I/O
* 2.13.17 Desktop processors
* 2.14 12th generation
* 2.14.1 Alder Lake
* 2.14.2 Architecture changes in comparison to Rocket Lake
* 2.14.3 CPU
* 2.14.4 GPU
* 2.14.5 I/O
* 2.14.6 Desktop processors (Alder Lake-S)
* 2.14.7 Extreme-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-HX)
* 2.14.8 High-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-H)
* 2.14.9 Low Power Performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-P)
* 2.14.10 Ultra Low Power Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-U)
* 2.15 13th generation
* 2.15.1 Architecture changes in comparison to Alder Lake
* 2.15.2 CPU
* 2.15.3 GPU
* 2.15.4 I/O
* 2.15.5 Desktop Processors (Raptor Lake-S)
* 2.16 14th generation
* 2.16.1 Architecture comparison to 13th generation desktop[175][177]
* 3 Reception
* 3.1 Vulnerabilities
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Overview

Although Intel Core is a brand that promises no internal consistency or continuity, the processors within this family have been, for the most part, broadly similar.

The first products receiving this designation were the Core Solo and Core Duo Yonah processors for mobile from the Pentium M design tree, fabricated at 65 nm and brought to market in January 2006. These are substantially different in design than the rest of the Intel Core product group, having derived from the Pentium Pro lineage that predated Pentium 4.

The first Intel Core desktop processor—and typical family member—came from the Conroe iteration, a 65 nm dual-core design brought to market in July 2006, based on the Intel Core microarchitecture with substantial enhancements in micro-architectural efficiency and performance, outperforming Pentium 4 across the board (or near to it), while operating at drastically lower clock rates. Maintaining high instructions per cycle (IPC) on a deeply pipelined and resourced out-of-order execution engine has remained a constant fixture of the Intel Core product group ever since.

The new substantial bump in microarchitecture came with the introduction of the 45 nm Bloomfield desktop processor in November 2008 on the Nehalem architecture, whose main advantage came from redesigned I/O and memory systems featuring the new Intel QuickPath Interconnect and an integrated memory controller supporting up to three channels of DDR3 memory.

Subsequent performance improvements have tended toward making additions rather than profound changes, such as adding the Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) instruction set extensions to Sandy Bridge, first released on 32 nm in January 2011. Time has also brought improved support for virtualization and a trend toward higher levels of system integration and management functionality (and along with that, increased performance) through the ongoing evolution of facilities such as Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT).

Since 2019, the Core brand has been based on four product lines, consisting of the entry level i3, the mainstream i5, the high-end i7, and the "enthusiast" i9. In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.[2]

Comparison of Intel Core microarchitectures  Microarchitecture | Core | Nehalem | Sandy Bridge | Haswell | Broadwell | Skylake | Sunny Cove[lower-alpha 1] | Willow Cove  | Golden Cove | Raptor Cove

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Microarchitecture variants  | Merom  | Penryn | Westmere | Ivy Bridge  |

* Kaby Lake
* Coffee Lake
* Comet Lake

* Ice Lake
* Rocket Lake

| Tiger Lake |

* Alder Lake
* Sapphire Rapids

* Raptor Lake

* Emerald Rapids

Generation (Core i)  | \-  | \-  | 1st  | 2nd/3rd  | 4th  | 5th/6th  | 6th/7th/8th/9th  | 10th/11th  | 11th  | 12th  | 13th/14th
Year of inception  | 2006  | 2007  | 2010  | 2011  | 2013  | 2014  | 2015  | 2019  | 2020  | 2021  | 2022
Fabrication process (nm)  | 65  | 45  | 32/22  | 22  | 14  | 14+/14++/14+++  | 10  | 10SF  | 10ESF
Cache | μop  | N/A  | 1.5K μops[3] | 2.25K μops  | 4K μops  |
L1  | Data  | Size  | 32 KB/core  | 48 KB/core
Ways  | 8 way  | 12 way
Latency  | 3  | 4  | 3/5  | ?  | 5
Instruction  | Size  | 32 KB/core
ways  | 8 way[4] | 4 way  | 8 way  | ?  | ?  | 8 way
Latency  | 3  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 4  | 5  | ?  | ?
TLB | ?  | ?  | 142  | 144[5] | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
L2  | Size  | 2-3 MB/core  | 256 KB  | 512 KB  | 1.25 MB  | 2 MB[lower-alpha 2] | 2 MB
ways  | 8 way  | 4 way  | 8 way  | 20 way  | 10 way
Latency  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 12  | 13  | ?  | 14
TLB  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 1024  | ?  | 1536  | 2048  | ?  | ?
L3  | Size  |  | 2 MB  | 3 MB
ways  | 16 way  | 12 way[6]
Latency  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 26-37[3] | 30-36[3] | 43[7] | 74
L4  | Size  | None  | 0–128 MB  | None  | ?  | ?
ways  | ?  | 16[8] | ?  | ?  | ?
Latency  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Type  | GPU Memory only  | cache  | ?  | ?
Hyper-threading  | No  | Yes
OoOE window  | 96[9] | 128[10] | 168  | 192  | 224[11] | 352  | ?  | 512[12]
In-flight  | Load  | ?  | ?  | 48  | 64  | 72  | 128  | ?  | 192
Store  | ?  | ?  | 32  | 36  | 42  | 56  | 72  | ?  | 114
Scheduler  | Entries  | 32  | 36  | 54  | 60  | 64  | 97  | 160[13] | ?  | ?
Dispatch  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 8 way  | 10 way  | ?  | ?
Register file  | Integer  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 160  | 168  | ?  | 280[12] | ?  | 280[12]
Floating-point  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 144  | 168  | ?  | 224[12] | ?  | 332[12]
Queue  | Instruction  | ?  | ?  | 18/thread  | 20/thread  | 20/thread  | 25/thread  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Allocation  | ?  | ?  | 28/thread[lower-alpha 3] | 56  | 64/thread  | ?  | ?  | ?
Decode  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 4 + 1  | ?  | 6
Execution Ports  | Numbers  | ?  | ?  | 6[14] | 8[15] | 8[16] | 10  | ?  | 12
Port 0  |  |  | Integer
FP Mul
Branch  | Integer
FP Mul
Branch  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 1  | ?  | ?  | Integer
FP Mul  | Integer
FP Mul  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 2  | ?  | ?  | Load
Address  | Load
Store
Address  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 3  | ?  | ?  | Store Address  | Store
Load
Address  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 4  | ?  | ?  | Store Data  | Store Data  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 5  | ?  | ?  | Integer  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 6  | N/A[15] | Integer
Branch  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Port 7  | Store Address  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
AGUs  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 2 + 1  | 2 + 2  | ?  | ?
Instructions  | SSE2 | Yes  |
SSE3 | Yes  |
SSE4 | N/A  | Yes  |
AVX | N/A  | Yes  |
AVX2  | N/A  | Yes  |
FMA | N/A  | Yes  |
AVX512 | N/A  | Yes/No  | Yes  | Yes/No  |
μArchitecture  | Merom  | Penryn | Nehalem | Sandy Bridge | Haswell | Broadwell | Skylake | Ice Lake | Tiger Lake | Alder Lake | Raptor Lake

1. ↑ Rocket Lake based on Cypress Cove is a CPU microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove microarchitecture designed for 10 nm, backported to 14 nm.
2. ↑ 1.25 MB in client
3. ↑ 56 unified in Ivy Bridge

Overview of Intel Core microarchitectures  Brand  | Desktop | Mobile

|
|

Codename  | Cores  | Process  | Date released  | Codename  | Cores  | Process  | Date released
Core Solo  | Desktop version not available | Yonah | 1  | 65 nm  | January 2006
Core Duo  | Yonah | 2
Core 2 Solo  | Merom-L
Penryn-L | 1
1  | 65 nm
45 nm  | September 2007
May 2008
Core 2 Duo  | Conroe
Allendale
Wolfdale | 2

2  | 65 nm
65 nm
45 nm  | August 2006
January 2007
January 2008  | Merom
Penryn | 2
2  | 65 nm
45 nm  | July 2006
January 2008
Core 2 Quad  | Kentsfield
Yorkfield  | 4
4  | 65 nm
45 nm  | January 2007
March 2008  | Penryn QC | 4  | 45 nm  | August 2008
Core 2 Extreme  | Conroe XE
Kentsfield XE
Yorkfield XE  | 2

4  | 65 nm
65 nm
45 nm  | July 2006
November 2006
November 2007  | Merom XE
Penryn XE
Penryn QC XE | 2

4  | 65 nm
45 nm
45 nm  | July 2007
January 2008
August 2008
Core M  | Desktop version not available | Broadwell | 2  | 14 nm  | September 2014[17]
Core m3  | Skylake
Kaby Lake
Kaby Lake
Amber Lake  | 2

2  | 14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm  | August 2015
September 2016
April 2017
August 2018
Core m5  | Skylake | 2  | 14 nm  | August 2015
Core m7  | Skylake | 2  | 14 nm  | August 2015
Core i3  | Clarkdale
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Coffee Lake
Coffee Lake
Comet Lake
Alder Lake | 2

4  | 32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm  | January 2010
February 2011
September 2012
September 2013
September 2015
January 2017
October 2017
Jan. & April 2019
April 2020
January 2022  | Arrandale
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Broadwell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Coffee Lake
Cannon Lake
Coffee Lake
Whiskey Lake
Ice Lake
Comet Lake
Tiger Lake (initial and B)
Alder Lake | 2

2-4
6-10  | 32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
14 nm
10 nm
10 nm  | January 2010
February 2011
June 2012
June 2013
January 2015
Sept. 2015 & June 2016
August 2016
November 2016
Jan. & June 2017
April 2018
May 2018
July 2018
August 2018
May & Aug. 2019
September 2019
Sept. 2020, Jan. - May 2021
January 2022
Core i5  | Lynnfield
Clarkdale
Sandy Bridge
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Broadwell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Coffee Lake
Coffee Lake
Comet Lake
Rocket Lake
Alder Lake | 4

2-4
2-4

6-10  | 45 nm
32 nm
32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm  | September 2009
January 2010
January 2011
February 2011
April 2012
June 2013
June 2015
September 2015
January 2017
October 2017
Oct. 2018 & Jan. 2019
April 2020
March 2021
Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022  | Arrandale
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Broadwell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Kaby Lake
Kaby Lake-R
Coffee Lake
Amber Lake
Whiskey Lake
Ice Lake
Comet Lake
Comet Lake-H
Tiger Lake
Tiger Lake-H/B
Alder Lake
Alder Lake-H/HX | 2

4-6
10-12
8-12  | 32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
10 nm
10 nm
10 nm  | January 2010
February 2011
May 2012
June 2013
January 2015
September 2015
August 2016
January 2017
October 2017
April 2018
Aug. 2018 & Oct. 2018
Aug. 2018 & April 2019
May & Aug. 2019
September 2019
April 2020
Sept. 2020 - May 2021
January - September 2021
January 2022
January & May 2022
Core i7  | Bloomfield
Lynnfield
Gulftown
Sandy Bridge
Sandy Bridge-E
Sandy Bridge-E
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Ivy Bridge-E
Broadwell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Coffee Lake
Coffee Lake
Comet Lake
Rocket Lake
Alder Lake | 4

4-6

12  | 45 nm
45 nm
32 nm
32 nm
32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm  | November 2008
September 2009
July 2010
January 2011
November 2011
February 2012
April 2012
June 2013
September 2013
June 2015
August 2015
January 2017
October 2017
October 2018
April 2020
March 2021
Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022  | Clarksfield
Arrandale
Sandy Bridge
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell
Broadwell
Broadwell
Skylake
Kaby Lake
Kaby Lake
Coffee Lake
Amber Lake
Whiskey Lake
Ice Lake
Comet Lake
Comet Lake-H
Tiger Lake
Tiger Lake-H/B
Alder Lake
Alder Lake-H/HX | 4

2-4
2-4

2-4

4-6

4-6
6-8

4-8
10-14
10-16  | 45 nm
32 nm
32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
10 nm
10 nm
10 nm  | September 2009
January 2010
January 2011
February 2011
May 2012
June 2013
January 2015
June 2015
September 2015
August 2016
January 2017
April 2018
August 2018
Aug. 2018 & April 2019
May & Aug. 2019
September 2019
April 2020
September 2020
January - September 2021
January 2022
January & May 2022
Core i7
Extreme  | Bloomfield
Gulftown
Sandy Bridge-E
Ivy Bridge-E
Haswell-E
Broadwell-E
Skylake-X
Kaby Lake-X | 4

6-8
4  | 45 nm
32 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm  | November 2008
March 2010
November 2011
September 2013
August 2014
May 2016
June 2017
June 2017  | Clarksfield
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
Haswell | 4

4  | 45 nm
32 nm
22 nm
22 nm  | September 2009
January 2011
May 2012
June 2013
Core i9  | Skylake-X
Skylake-X
Cascade Lake-X
Coffee Lake
Comet Lake
Rocket Lake
Alder Lake

Raptor Lake

| 10

14-18

| 14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm
14 nm

Intel 7 Intel 7

| June 2017
August 2017
September 2017
October 2018
April 2020
March 2021
Nov. 2021 & Jan. 2022

Oct. 2022 & Jan. 2023

| Coffee Lake-H
Comet Lake-H
Tiger Lake-H
Alder Lake-H/HX

Raptor Lake-H/HX

| 6

14-16

14-24

| 14 nm
14 nm
10 nm
Intel 7

Intel 7

| April 2018
April 2020
May 2021
January & May 2022

January 2023

List of Intel Core processors • List of Intel Core 2 processors • List of Intel Core M processors • List of Intel Core i3 processors • List of Intel Core i5 processors • List of Intel Core i7 processors • List of Intel Core i9 processors

Intel Core sub-brand logos, from 2020 (coinciding with the release of its 11th generation) to 2023

* Intel Core i3 logo

* Intel Core i5 logo

* Intel Core i7 logo

* Intel Core i9 logo

The shade of blue in each logo gets progressively darker, the more advanced the sub-brand is.

## History

### Core

The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs, which derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used an enhanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst microarchitecture (Intel P68) of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand had two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor). Intel launched the Core brand on January 6, 2006, with the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU - Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs - contrary to its name - had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort starting January 2006, some companies continued to market computers with the Yonah core marked as Pentium M. The Core series is also the first Intel processor used as the main CPU in an Apple Macintosh computer. The Core Duo was the CPU for the first generation MacBook Pro, while the Core Solo appeared in Apple's Mac Mini line. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across the entire Mac line. In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core, not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core. September 2007 and January 4, 2008, marked the discontinuation of a number of Core branded CPUs including several Core Solo, Core Duo, Celeron and one Core 2 Quad chip.[18][19]

Intel Core Solo[20] uses the same two-core die as the Core Duo, but features only one active core. Depending on demand, Intel may also simply disable one of the cores to sell the chip at the Core Solo price—this requires less effort than launching and maintaining a separate line of CPUs that physically only have one core. Intel had used the same strategy previously with the 486 CPU in which early 486SX CPUs were in fact manufactured as 486DX CPUs but with the FPU disabled. Intel Core Duo[21] consists of two cores on one die, a 2 MB L2 cache shared by both cores, and an arbiter bus that controls both L2 cache and FSB (front-side bus) access.

| Core Solo U1300

* SL8W7 (C0)
* SL9LA (D0)

| 1.07 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 8× | 0.95–1.05 V

5.5 W

* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | April 2006

* LE80539UE0042M

| $241 |-

| Core Solo U1400

* SL8W6 (C0)
* SL9LB (D0)

| 1.2 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 9× | 0.95–1.05 V

5.5 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | April 2006

* LE80538UE0092M

| $262 |-

| Core Solo U1500

* SL9LC (D0)

| 1.33 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 10× | 0.85–1.1 V

5.5 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | January 2007

* LE80538UE0142MX

| $262 |-

| Core Duo U2400

* SL99W (C0)
* SL9UR (D0)

| 1.07 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 8× | 0.8–1.1 V

9 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | June 2006

* LE80539UE0042M

| $262 |-

| Core Duo U2500

* SL99V (C0)
* SL9JQ (D0)

| 1.2 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 9× | 0.8–1.1 V

9 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | June 2006

* LE80539UE0092M

| $289 |-

| Core Duo L2300

* SL8VX (C0)
* SL9JS (D0)

| 1.5 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 9× | 0.762–1.212 V

15 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LE80539LF0212M

| $284 |-

| Core Duo L2400

* SL8VW (C0)
* SL9JT (D0)

| 1.67 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 10× | 0.762–1.212 V

15 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LE80539LF0282M

| $316 |-

| Core Duo L2500

* SL9JU (D0)

| 1.83 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 11× | 0.762–1.212 V

15 W

| Socket 479/FC-µBGA | style="text-align:right;" | September 2006

* LE80539LF0342MX

| $316 |-

| Core Solo T1200

* SL92C (C0)

| 1.5 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 9× | 0.7625–1.3 V

27 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" | July 2006

* LF80538GF0212M

| |-

| Core Solo T1250

* SL99U (C0)

| 1.73 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 13× | 0.7625–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" |

* LF80538GE0302M

| |-

| Core Solo T1300

* SL8W3 (C0)
* SL9LH (D0)
* SL8VY (C0)
* SL9L4 (D0)

| 1.67 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 10× | 0.7625–1.3 V

27 W

* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket M
* Socket M

| style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LE80538GF0282M
* LE80538GF0282M
* LF80538GF0282M
* BX80538T1300

| $209 |-

| Core Solo T1350

* SL99T (C0)

| 1.87 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 14× | 0.7625–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" | July 2006

* LF80538GE0362M

| |-

| Core Solo T1400

* SL92X (C0)
* SL9LJ (D0)
* SL92V (C0)
* SL9L5 (D0)

| 1.83 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 11× | 0.7625–1.3 V

27 W

* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket M
* Socket M

| style="text-align:right;" | May 2006

* LE80538GF0342M
* LE80538GF0342M
* LF80538GF0342M
* BX80538T1400

| $209 |-

| Core Solo T1500

* SL92W (C0)
* SL92U (C0)

| 2 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 12× | 0.7625–1.3 V

27 W

* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket M

| style="text-align:right;" | August 2006

* LE80538GF0412M
* LF80538GF0412M

| |-

| Core Duo T2050

* SL9BN (C0)

| 1.6 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 12× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" | May 2006

* LF80539GE0252M

| $140 |-

| Core Duo T2250

* SL9DV (C0)

| 1.73 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 13× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" | May 2006

* LF80539GE0302M

| OEM |-

| Core Duo T2300

* SL8VR (C0)
* SL9JL (D0)
* SL8VV (C0)
* SL9JY (D0)

| 1.67 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 10× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

* Socket M
* Socket M
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LF80539GF0282M
* LF80539GF0282M
* LE80539GF0282M
* LE80539GF0282M

| $241 |-

| Core Duo T2300E

* SL9DM (C0)
* SL9JE (D0)
* SL9DN (C0)
* SL9JV (D0)

| 1.67 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 10× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

* Socket M
* Socket M
* µFCBGA-479
* µFCBGA-479

| style="text-align:right;" | May 2006

* LF80539GF0282ME
* LF80539GF0282ME
* LE80539GF0282ME
* LE80539GF0282ME

| $209 |-

| Core Duo T2350

* SL9JK (C0)

| 1.87 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 14× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" |

* LF80539GE0362ME

| OEM |-

| Core Duo T2400

* SL8VQ (C0)
* SL9JM (D0)
* SL8VU (C0)
* SL9JZ (D0)

| 1.83 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 11× | 0.762–1.3 V

* 31 W
* 31 W
* 27 W
* 27 W

* Socket M
* Socket M
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LF80539GF0342M
* LF80539GF0342M
* LE80539GF0342M
* LE80539GF0342M

| $294 |-

| Core Duo T2450

* SLA4M (C0)

| 2 GHz | 2 MiB | 533 MT/s | 15× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

| Socket M | style="text-align:right;" |

* LF80539GE0412M

| OEM |-

| Core Duo T2500

* SL8VT (C0)
* SL9K2 (D0)
* SL8VP (C0)
* SL9EH (D0)

| 2 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 12× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

* Socket M
* Socket M
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LF80539GF0412M
* LF80539GF0412M
* LE80539GF0412M
* LE80539GF0412M

| $423 |-

| Core Duo T2600

* SL8VN (C0)
* SL9JN (D0)
* SL8VS (C0)
* SL9K3 (D0)

| 2.17 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 13× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

* Socket M
* Socket M
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | January 2006

* LE80539GF0482M
* LE80539GF0482M
* LE80539GF0482M
* LE80539GF0482M

| $637 |-

| Core Duo T2700

* SL9JP (D0)
* SL9K4 (D0)

| 2.33 GHz | 2 MiB | 667 MT/s | 14× | 0.762–1.3 V

31 W

* Socket M
* Socket 479/FC-µBGA

| style="text-align:right;" | June 2006

* LF80539GF0532MX
* LE80539GF0532MX

| $637 |-

### Core 2

Main page: Engineering:Intel Core (microarchitecture)

The successor to Core is the mobile version of the Intel Core 2 line of processors using cores based upon the Intel Core microarchitecture,[22] released on July 27, 2006. The release of the mobile version of Intel Core 2 marks the reunification of Intel's desktop and mobile product lines as Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks, unlike the first Intel Core CPUs that were targeted only for notebooks (although some small form factor and all-in-one desktops, like the iMac and the Mac Mini, also used Core processors).

Unlike the original Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T). Another difference between the original Core Duo and the new Core 2 Duo is an increase in the amount of level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to 6 MB. Core 2 also introduced a quad-core performance variant to the single- and dual-core chips, branded Core 2 Quad, as well as an enthusiast variant, Core 2 Extreme. All three chips are manufactured at a 65 nm lithography, and in 2008, a 45 nm lithography and support front side bus speeds ranging from 533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s. In addition, the 45 nm die shrink of the Core microarchitecture adds SSE4.1 support to all Core 2 microprocessors manufactured at a 45 nm lithography, therefore increasing the calculation rate of the processors.

#### Core 2 Solo

The Core 2 Solo,[23] introduced in September 2007, is the successor to the Core Solo and is available only as an ultra-low-power mobile processor with 5.5 Watt thermal design power. The original U2xxx series "Merom-L" used a special version of the Merom chip with CPUID number 10661 (model 22, stepping A1) that only had a single core and was also used in some Celeron processors. The later SU3xxx are part of Intel's CULV range of processors in a smaller μFC-BGA 956 package but contain the same Penryn chip as the dual-core variants, with one of the cores disabled during manufacturing.

Codename | Brand name (list) | L2 cache | Socket | TDP

|
|
|
|

Merom-L | Mobile Core 2 Solo U2xxx | 1 MB | FCBGA | 5.5 W
Penryn-L | Mobile Core 2 Solo SU3xxx | 3 MB | BGA956 | 5.5 W

#### Core 2 Duo

Inside of a Sony VAIO laptop (VGN-C140G)

The majority of the desktop and mobile Core 2 processor variants are Core 2 Duo[24][25] with two processor cores on a single Merom, Conroe, Allendale, Penryn, or Wolfdale chip. These come in a wide range of performance and power consumption, starting with the relatively slow ultra-low-power Uxxxx (10 W) and low-power Lxxxx (17 W) versions, to the more performance oriented Pxxxx (25 W) and Txxxx (35 W) mobile versions and the Exxxx (65 W) desktop models. The mobile Core 2 Duo processors with an 'S' prefix in the name are produced in a smaller μFC-BGA 956 package, which allows building more compact laptops.

Within each line, a higher number usually refers to a better performance, which depends largely on core and front-side bus clock frequency and amount of second level cache, which are model-specific. Core 2 Duo processors typically use the full L2 cache of 2, 3, 4, or 6 MB available in the specific stepping of the chip, while versions with the amount of cache reduced during manufacturing are sold for the low-end consumer market as Celeron or Pentium Dual-Core processors. Like those processors, some low-end Core 2 Duo models disable features such as Intel Virtualization Technology.

Codename | Brand name (list) | L2 cache | Socket | TDP

|
|
|
|

Merom | Mobile Core 2 Duo U7xxx | 2 MB | BGA479 | 10 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo L7xxx | 4 MB | 17 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo T5xxx | 2 MB | Socket M
Socket P
BGA479 | 35 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo T7xxx | 2–4 MB
Conroe and
Allendale  | Core 2 Duo E4xxx | 2 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W
Core 2 Duo E6xxx | 2–4 MB
Penryn | Mobile Core 2 Duo SU7xxx | 3 MB | BGA956 | 10 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo SU9xxx
Mobile Core 2 Duo SL9xxx | 6 MB | 17 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo SP9xxx | 25 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo P7xxx | 3 MB | Socket P
FCBGA6 | 25 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo P8xxx
Mobile Core 2 Duo P9xxx | 6 MB
Mobile Core 2 Duo T6xxx | 2 MB | 35 W
Mobile Core 2 Duo T8xxx | 3 MB
Mobile Core 2 Duo T9xxx | 6 MB
Mobile Core 2 Duo E8xxx | 6 MB | Socket P | 35–55 W
Wolfdale | Core 2 Duo E7xxx | 3 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W
Core 2 Duo E8xxx | 6 MB

#### Core 2 Quad

Core 2 Quad[26][27] processors are multi-chip modules consisting of two dies similar to those used in Core 2 Duo, forming a quad-core processor. This allows twice the performance of a dual-core processors at the same clock frequency in ideal conditions.

Initially, all Core 2 Quad models were versions of Core 2 Duo desktop processors, Kentsfield derived from Conroe and Yorkfield from Wolfdale, but later Penryn-QC was added as a high-end version of the mobile dual-core Penryn.

The Xeon 32xx and 33xx processors are mostly identical versions of the desktop Core 2 Quad processors and can be used interchangeably.

Codename | Brand name (list) | L2 cache | Socket | TDP

|
|
|
|

Kentsfield | Core 2 Quad Q6xxx | 2×4 MB | LGA 775 | 95–105 W
Yorkfield  | Core 2 Quad Q8xxx | 2×2 MB | 65–95 W
Core 2 Quad Q9xxx | 2×3–2×6 MB
Penryn-QC | Mobile Core 2 Quad Q9xxx | 2×3–2×6 MB | Socket P | 45 W

#### Core 2 Extreme

Core 2 Extreme processors[28][29] are enthusiast versions of Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad processors, usually with a higher clock frequency and an unlocked clock multiplier, which makes them especially attractive for overclocking. This is similar to earlier Pentium D processors labeled as Extreme Edition. Core 2 Extreme processors were released at a much higher price than their regular version, often $999 or more.

Codename | Brand name (list) | L2 cache | Socket | TDP

|
|
|
|

Merom XE | Mobile Core 2 Extreme X7xxx | 4 MB | Socket P | 44 W
Conroe XE  | Core 2 Extreme X6xxx | 4 MB | LGA 775 | 75 W
Kentsfield | Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx | 2×4 MB | LGA 775 | 130 W
Penryn XE | Mobile Core 2 Extreme X9xxx | 6 MB | Socket P | 44 W
Penryn-QC XE | Mobile Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx | 2×6 MB | Socket P | 45 W
Yorkfield  | Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx | 2×6 MB | LGA 775 / LGA 771 | 130–150 W

### 1st generation

Main page: Engineering:Nehalem (microarchitecture)

With the release of the Nehalem microarchitecture in November 2008,[30] Intel introduced a new naming scheme for its Core processors. There are three variants, Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7, but the names no longer correspond to specific technical features like the number of cores. Instead, the brand is now divided from low-level (i3), through mid-range (i5) to high-end performance (i7),[31] which correspond to three, four and five stars in Intel's Intel Processor Rating[32] following on from the entry-level Celeron (one star) and Pentium (two stars) processors.[33] Common features of all Nehalem based processors include an integrated DDR3 memory controller as well as QuickPath Interconnect or PCI Express and Direct Media Interface on the processor replacing the aging quad-pumped Front Side Bus used in all earlier Core processors. All these processors have 256 KB L2 cache per core, plus up to 12 MB shared L3 cache. Because of the new I/O interconnect, chipsets and mainboards from previous generations can no longer be used with Nehalem-based processors.

Intel intended the Core i3 as the new low end of the performance processor line, following the retirement of the Core 2 brand.[34][35] The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.[36] The first Nehalem based Core i3 was Clarkdale-based, with an integrated GPU and two cores.[37] The same processor is also available as Core i5 and Pentium, with slightly different configurations. The Core i3-3xxM processors are based on Arrandale, the mobile version of the Clarkdale desktop processor. They are similar to the Core i5-4xx series but running at lower clock speeds and without Turbo Boost.[38] According to an Intel FAQ they do not support Error Correction Code (ECC) memory.[39] According to motherboard manufacturer Supermicro, if a Core i3 processor is used with a server chipset platform such as Intel 3400/3420/3450, the CPU supports ECC with UDIMM.[40] When asked, Intel confirmed that, although the Intel 5 series chipset supports non-ECC memory only with the Core i5 or i3 processors, using those processors on a motherboard with 3400 series chipsets it supports the ECC function of ECC memory.[41] A limited number of motherboards by other companies also support ECC with Intel Core ix processors; the Asus P8B WS is an example, but it does not support ECC memory under Windows non-server operating systems.[42]

Lynnfield was the first Core i5 processors using the Nehalem microarchitecture, introduced on September 8, 2009, as a mainstream variant of the earlier Core i7.[43][44] Lynnfield Core i5 processors have an 8 MB L3 cache, a DMI bus running at 2.5 GT/s and support for dual-channel DDR3-800/1066/1333 memory and have Hyper-threading disabled. The same processors with different sets of features (Hyper-threading and other clock frequencies) enabled are sold as Core i7-8xx and Xeon 3400-series processors, which should not be confused with high-end Core i7-9xx and Xeon W3500-series processors based on Bloomfield. A new feature called Turbo Boost Technology was introduced which maximizes speed for demanding applications, dynamically accelerating performance to match the workload. After Nehalem received a 32 nm Westmere die shrink, Arrandale, the dual-core mobile Core i5 processors and its desktop counterpart Clarkdale was introduced in January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same architecture. Arrandale processors have integrated graphics capability. Core i3-3xx does not support for Turbo Boost, L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx uses the full cache,[45] Clarkdale is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and Pentium processors. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.[46] According to Intel "Core i5 desktop processors and desktop boards typically do not support ECC memory",[47] but information on limited ECC support in the Core i3 section also applies to Core i5 and i7.[citation needed]

Intel Core i7 as a brand name applies to several families of desktop and laptop 64-bit x86-64 processors using the Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell, Skylake, and Kaby Lake microarchitectures. The Core i7 brand targets the business and high-end consumer markets for both desktop and laptop computers,[48] and is distinguished from the Core i3 (entry-level consumer), Core i5 (mainstream consumer), and Xeon (server and workstation) brands. Introduced in late 2008, Bloomfield was the first Core i7 processors based on the Nehalem architecture.[49][50][51][52] The following year, Lynnfield desktop processors and Clarksfield mobile processors brought new quad-core Core i7 models based on the said architecture.[53] After Nehalem received a 32 nm Westmere die shrink, Arrandale dual-core mobile processors were introduced in January 2010, followed by Core i7's first six-core desktop processor Gulftown on March 16, 2010. Both the regular Core i7 and the Extreme Edition are advertised as five stars in the Intel Processor Rating. The first-generation Core i7 uses two different sockets; LGA 1366 designed for high-end desktops and servers, and LGA 1156 used in low- and mid-end desktops and servers. In each generation, the highest-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and QPI-based architecture as the medium-end Xeon processors of that generation, while lower-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and PCIe/DMI/FDI architecture as the Core i5. "Core i7" is a successor to the Intel Core 2 brand.[54][55][56][57] Intel representatives stated that they intended the moniker Core i7 to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as Intel releases newer Nehalem-based products in the future.[58]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

List of Intel Core 1st generation microprocessors  Brand  | Model  | Code name  | Release date  | Price[lower-alpha 1] | Cores
(Threads)  | Clock rate
(GHz)  | Cache | GPU  | Lithography  | Socket  | Memory support  | TDP

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Turbo | L3  | Name  | Clock rate  | DDR3  | ECC
i3  | 530[59] | Clarkdale | Q1 2010  | $117  | 2 (4)  | 2.93  | N/A  | 4 MB  | HD Graphics  | 733 MHz  | 32 nm  | LGA 1156  | DDR3-1333
dual-channel | No  | 73 W
i5  | 650[60] | Clarkdale | $176  | 3.2  | 3.47  | DDR3-1333
dual-channel | No
750[61] | Lynnfield | Q3 2009  | $193  | 4 (4)  | 2.6  | 3.2  | 8 MB  | N/A  | 45 nm  | DDR3-1333
dual-channel | No  | 95 W
i7  | 920[62] | Bloomfield | Q4 2008  | $305  | 4 (8)  | 2.66  | 2.93  | 8 MB  | N/A  | LGA 1366  | DDR3-1066
triple-channel | No  | 130 W
920XM[63] | Clarksfield | Q3 2009  |  | 2.0  | 3.2  | N/A  | PGA 988  | DDR3-1333
triple-channel | 55 W
930[64] | Bloomfield | Q1 2010  | $305  | 2.8  | 3.06  | N/A  | LGA 1366  | DDR3-1066
triple-channel | 130 W
940[65] | Q4 2008  | $555  | 2.93  | 3.2  | N/A  | 130 W
940XM | Clarksfield | Q3 2010  |  | 2.13  | 3.33  | N/A  | PGA 988  | DDR3-1333
triple-channel | 55 W
950 | Bloomfield | Q2 2009  | $305  | 3.06  | 3.33  | N/A  | LGA 1366  | DDR3-1066
triple-channel | 130 W
960 | Q4 2009  | $305  | 3.2  | 3.46  | N/A
965 | Q4 2008  | $990  | N/A
970 | Gulftown  | Q3'10  | $594  | 6 (12)  | 12 MB  | N/A  | 32 nm
975 | Bloomfield | Q2 2009  | $1059  | 4 (8)  | 3.33  | 3.6  | 8 MB  | N/A  | 45 nm
980 | Gulftown  | Q2 2011  | $594  | 6 (12)  | 12 MB  | N/A  | 32 nm
980X | Q1 2010  | $1059  | N/A
990X | Q1 2011  | $1059  | 3.46  | 3.73  | N/A

1. ↑ Price reflects Recommended Customer Price (RCP) rather than MSRP. RCP is the cost per unit, in bulk sales of 1000 units or more, to OEMs, ODMs, and retail outlets when purchasing from Intel. Actual MSRP is higher than RCP

### 2nd generation

Main page: Engineering:Sandy Bridge

In early 2011, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named Sandy Bridge. This is the second generation of the Core processor microarchitecture. It kept all the existing brands from Nehalem, including Core i3/i5/i7, and introduced new model numbers. The initial set of Sandy Bridge processors includes dual- and quad-core variants, all of which use a single 32 nm die for both the CPU and integrated GPU cores, unlike the earlier microarchitectures. All Core i3/i5/i7 processors with the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture have a four-digit model number. With the mobile version, the thermal design power can no longer be determined from a one- or two-letter suffix but is encoded into the CPU number. Starting with Sandy Bridge, Intel no longer distinguishes the code names of the processor based on number of cores, socket or intended usage; they all use the same code name as the microarchitecture itself.

Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm die shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based on tri-gate ("3D") transistors, introduced in April 2012.

Core i3

Released on January 20, 2011, the Core i3-2xxx line of desktop and mobile processors is a direct replacement of the 2010 "Clarkdale" Core i3-5xx and "Arrandale" Core i3-3xxM models, based on the new microarchitecture. While they require new sockets and chipsets, the user-visible features of the Core i3 are largely unchanged, including the lack of support for Turbo Boost and AES-NI. Unlike the Sandy Bridge-based Celeron and Pentium processors, the Core i3 line does support the new Advanced Vector Extensions. This particular processor is the entry-level processor of this new series of Intel processors.

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus

|
|
|
|
|
|

Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i3-21xx | 2 | 3 MB | LGA 1155 | 65 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU
Core i3-21xxT | 35 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i3-2xx0M | rPGA-988B
BGA-1023
Core i3-2xx7M | BGA-1023 | 17 W

Core i5

A Core i5-2500K. The K suffix indicates an unlocked clock multiplier, which allows for easier overclocking.

In January 2011, Intel released new quad-core Core i5 processors based on the "Sandy Bridge" microarchitecture at CES 2011. New dual-core mobile processors and desktop processors arrived in February 2011.

The Core i5-2xxx line of desktop processors are mostly quad-core chips, with the exception of the dual-core Core i5-2390T, and include integrated graphics, combining the key features of the earlier Core i5-6xx and Core i5-7xx lines. The suffix after the four-digit model number designates unlocked multiplier (K), low-power (S) and ultra-low-power (T).

The desktop CPUs now all have four non-SMT cores (like the i5-750), with the exception of the i5-2390T. The DMI bus runs at 5 GT/s.

The mobile Core i5-2xxxM processors are all dual-core and hyper-threaded chips like the previous Core i5-5xxM series, and share most of the features with that product line.

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus

|
|
|
|
|
|

Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i5-2xxx
Core i5-2xxxK | 4 | 6 MB | LGA 1155 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU
Core i5-2xxxS | 65 W
Core i5-25xxT | 45 W
Core i5-23xxT | 2 | 3 MB | 35 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i5-2xxxM | rPGA-988B
BGA-1023
Core i5-2xx7M | BGA-1023 | 17 W

Core i7

The Core i7 brand was the high-end for Intel's desktop and mobile processors, until the announcement of the i9 in 2017. Its Sandy Bridge models feature the largest amount of L3 cache and the highest clock frequency. Most of these models are very similar to their smaller Core i5 siblings. The quad-core mobile Core i7-2xxxQM/XM processors follow the previous "Clarksfield" Core i7-xxxQM/XM processors, but now also include integrated graphics.

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Sandy Bridge-E (Desktop)  | Core i7-39xxX | 6 | 15 MB | LGA 2011 | 130 W | 32 nm | Direct Media Interface | November 2011
Core i7-39xxK | 12 MB
Core i7-38xx | 4 | 10 MB
Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i7-2xxxK, i7-2xxx | 8 MB | LGA 1155 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | January 2011
Core i7-2xxxS | 65 W
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i7-2xxxXM | rPGA-988B
BGA-1023 | 55 W
Core i7-28xxQM | 45 W
Core i7-2xxxQE, i7-26xxQM, i7-27xxQM | 6 MB
Core i7-2xx0M | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | February 2011
Core i7-2xx9M | BGA-1023 | 25 W
Core i7-2xx7M | 17 W

### 3rd generation

Ivy Bridge is the codename for a "third generation" line of processors based on the 22 nm manufacturing process developed by Intel. Mobile versions of the CPU were released in April 2012 following with desktop versions in September 2012.

The Ivy Bridge-based Core-i3-3xxx line is a minor upgrade to 22 nm process technology and better graphics.

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3
Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus

|
|
|
|
|
|

Ivy Bridge (Desktop)  | Core i3-32xx | 2 | 3 MB | LGA 1155 | 55 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU
Core i3-32xxT | 35 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)  | Core i3-3xx0M | rPGA-988B
BGA-1023
Core i3-3xx7U | BGA-1023 | 17 W
Core i3-3xx9Y | 13 W

Core i5

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3
Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus

|
|
|
|
|
|

Ivy Bridge (Desktop)  | Core i5-3xxx
Core i5-3xxxK | 4 | 6 MB | LGA 1155 | 77 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU
Core i5-3xxxS | 65 W
Core i5-35xxT | 45 W
Core i5-34xxT | 2 | 3 MB | 35 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)  | Core i5-3xx0M | rPGA-988B
BGA-1023
Core i5-3xx7U | BGA-1023 | 17 W
Core i5-3xx9Y | 13 W

Core i7

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Ivy Bridge-E (Desktop)  | Core i7-4960X | 6 | 15 MB | LGA 2011 | 130 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface | September 2013
Core i7-4930K | 12 MB
Core i7-4820K | 4 | 10 MB
Ivy Bridge (Desktop)  | Core i7-37xx, i7-37xxK | 8 MB | LGA 1155 | 77 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | April 2012
Core i7-37xxS | 65 W
Core i7-37xxT | 45 W
Ivy Bridge (Mobile)  | Core i7-3xxxXM | 55 W
Core i7-38xxQM | 45 W
Core i7-36x0QM, i7-3xx0QE, i7-36x5QM,
i7-3xx5QE, i7-37xxQM | 6 MB
Core i7-3xx2QM, i7-3xx2QE | 35 W
Core i7-3xxxM | 2 | 4 MB
Core i7-3xxxLE | 25 W
Core i7-3xx7U, i7-3xx7UE | 17 W
Core i7-3xx9Y | 13 W | January 2013

### 4th generation

Main page: Haswell (microarchitecture)

Haswell is the fourth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released in 2013.

Core i3

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i3-43xx | 2 | 4 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 54 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | September 2013
Core i3-43xxT, Core i3-4xxxTE | 35 W
Core i3-41xx | 3 MB | HD 4400 | 54 W
Core i3-41xxT | 35 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i3-4xx2E | HD 4600 | BGA 1364 | 25 W
Core i3-4xx0E | 37 W
Core i3-4xxxM | Socket G3
Core i3-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W | June 2013
Core i3-4xx0U, Core i3-4xx5U | HD 4400 | 15 W
Core i3-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W

Core i5

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i5-4xxx, i5-46xxK | 4 | 6 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 84 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | June 2013
Core i5-4xxxS | 65 W
Core i5-46xxT | 45 W
Core i5-45xxT, Core i5-45xxTE | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W
65 W
Haswell-H (MCP) | Core i5-4xxxR | 4  | 4 MB  | Iris Pro 5200  | BGA 1364  | 65 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i5-4xxxH | 2 | 3 MB | HD 4600 | 47 W | September 2013
Core i5-4xx2E | 25 W
Core i5-4xx0E | 37 W
Core i5-4xxxM | Socket G3
Core i5-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA1168 | 28 W | June 2013
Core i5-4x50U | HD 5000 | 15 W
Core i5-4x00U | HD 4400
Core i5-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W

Core i7

Codename | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Haswell-E (Desktop)[66] | Core i7-5960X | 8  | 20 MB  | N/A  | LGA 2011-3  | 140 W  | 22 nm  | Direct Media Interface | September 2014
Core i7-5930K | 6  | 15 MB
Core i7-5820K
Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i7-47xx, i7-47xxK | 4 | 8 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 84 W | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | June 2013
Core i7-47xxS | 65 W
Core i7-47x0T | 45 W
Core i7-47x5T | 35 W
Core i7-47xxR | 6 MB | Iris Pro 5200 | BGA 1364 | 65 W
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i7-4x50HQ, Core i7-4x60HQ
Core i7-4x50EQ, Core i7-4x60EQ | 47 W
Core i7-47x2HQ, Core i7-47x2EQ
Core i7-470xHQ, Core i7-470xEQ | HD 4600 | 37 W
47 W
Core i7-47x2MQ
Core i7-470xMQ | Socket G3 | 37 W
47 W
Core i7-49xxMQ, Core i7-4xxxXM | 8 MB | 57 W
Core i7-4xxxM | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | September 2013
Core i7-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W | June 2013
Core i7-4x50U | HD 5000 | 15 W
Core i7-4x00U | HD 4400
Core i7-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W

### 5th generation

Main page: Broadwell (microarchitecture)

Broadwell is the fifth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released by Intel on September 6, 2014, and began shipping in late 2014. It is the first to use a 14 nm chip.[67] Additionally, mobile processors were launched in January 2015[68] and Desktop Core i5 and i7 processors were released in June 2015.[69]

Desktop processor (DT-Series)

Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores
(Threads) | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i7  | 5775C | 4 (8)  | 6 MB  | Iris 6200  | LGA 1150  | 65 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface,

Integrated GPU

| June 2015
5775R
Core i5  | 5675C | 4 (4)  | 4 MB
5675R
5575R

Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores
(Threads) | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i7  | 5xx7U  | 2 (4) | 4 MB | Iris 6100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W  | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | January 2015
5x50U | HD 6000 | 15 W
5x00U | HD 5500
Core i5  | 5xx7U | 2 (2) | 3 MB | Iris 6100 | 28 W
5x50U | HD 6000 | 15 W
5x00U | HD 5500
Core i3  | 5xx7U | Iris 6100 | 28 W
5xx5U  | HD 5500  | 15 W
5xx0U

Mobile Processors (Y-Series)

Processor branding  | Model (list)  | Cores
(Threads)  | L3 cache  | GPU Model | Socket  | TDP | Process  | I/O Bus  | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core M  | 5Yxx  | 2 (2)  | 4 MB  | HD 5300  | BGA 1234  | 4.5 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU | September 2014

### 6th generation

#### Broadwell microarchitecture

Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores (Threads) | L3 cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release
Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i7  | 6800K | 6 (12)  | 15 MB  | N/A  | LGA 2011-3  | 140 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface | Q2'16
6850K
6900K | 8 (16)  | 20 MB
6950X | 10 (20)  | 25 MB

#### Skylake microarchitecture

Main page: Skylake (microarchitecture)

Skylake is the sixth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was launched in August 2015. Being the successor to the Broadwell line, it is a redesign using the same 14 nm manufacturing process technology; however the redesign has better CPU and GPU performance and reduced power consumption. Intel also disabled overclocking non -K processors.

Desktop processors (DT-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | L3 cache  | GPU Model  | Socket  | TDP  | Process  | I/O Bus  | Release Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i7  | 6700K  | 4/8  | 8 MB  | HD 530  | LGA 1151  | 91 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface,

Integrated GPU

| August 2015
6700  | 65 W  | September 2015
6700T  | 35 W
6785R  | Iris Pro 580  | 65 W  | May 2016
Core i5  | 6600K | 4/4  | 6 MB  | HD 530  | 91 W  | September 2015
6600 | 65 W
6500
6400
6402P  | HD 510  | December 2015
6xx0R  | HD 530  | 35 W  | June 2016
6xx0T  | September 2015
Core i3  | 6320 | 2/4  | 4 MB  | HD 530  | 51 W
6300
6300T | 35 W
6100 | 3 MB  | HD 530  | 51 W
6100T | 35 W
6098P | HD 510  | 54 W  | December 2015
Mobile processors (H-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | L3 cache  | GPU Model  | Socket  | TDP  | Process  | I/O Bus  | Release Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i3  | 6100H | 2/4  | 3 MB  | HD 530  | FBGA 1356  | 35 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface,

Integrated GPU

| September 2015
Mobile processors (U-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | L3 cache  | GPU Model  | Socket  | TDP  | Process  | I/O Bus  | Release Date

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i7  | 6650U  | 2/4  | 4 MB  | Iris 540  | FCBGA 1356  | 15 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface,

Integrated GPU

| September 2015
6600U  | HD 520  | 25 W
6567U  | Iris 550  | 28 W
6x60U  | Iris 540  | 15 W
6x00U  | HD 520
Core i5  | 62x7U  | Iris 550  | 28 W
6360U | Iris 540  | 9.5 W
6300U | HD 520  | 15 W
6260U | Iris 540
6200U | 3 MB  | HD 520
Core i3  | 6167U | HD 550  | 28 W
6100U | HD 520  | 15 W
6006U | HD 520  | November 2016

### 7th generation

#### Skylake microarchitecture

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | L3 cache  | Socket  | TDP  | Process  | I/O Bus  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9  | 7980XE | 18/36  | 24.75 MB  | LGA 2066  | 165 W  | 14 nm  | Direct Media Interface | $1999
7960X | 16/32  | 22 MB  | $1699
7940X | 14/28  | 19.25 MB  | $1399
7920X | 12/24  | 16.5 MB  | 140 W  | $1199
7900X | 10/20  | 13.75 MB  | $999
Core i7  | 7820X | 8/16  | 11 MB  | $599
7800X | 6/12  | 8.25 MB  | $389

#### Kaby Lake

Main page: Kaby Lake

Kaby Lake is the codename for the seventh generation Core processor, and was launched in October 2016 (mobile chips)[70] and January 2017 (desktop chips).[71] With the latest generation of microarchitecture, Intel decided to produce Kaby Lake processors without using their "tick–tock" manufacturing and design model.[72] Kaby Lake features the same Skylake microarchitecture and is fabricated using Intel's 14 nanometer manufacturing process technology.[72]

Built on an improved 14 nm process (14FF+), Kaby Lake features faster CPU clock speeds and Turbo frequencies. Beyond these process and clock speed changes, little of the CPU architecture has changed from Skylake, resulting in identical IPC.

Kaby Lake features a new graphics architecture to improve performance in 3D graphics and 4K video playback. It adds native High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 2.2 support, along with fixed function decode of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, High Efficiency Video Coding Main and Main10/10-bit, and VP9 10-bit and 8-bit video. Hardware encode is supported for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC Main10/10-bit, and VP9 8-bit video. VP9 10-bit encode is not supported in hardware. OpenCL 2.1 is now supported.

Kaby Lake is the first Core architecture to support hyper-threading for the Pentium-branded desktop CPU SKU. Kaby Lake also features the first overclocking-enabled i3-branded CPU.

Features common to desktop Kaby Lake CPUs:

* LGA 1151 socket
* DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
* Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32 GiB maximum) or DDR4-2400 1.2 V (64 GiB maximum)
* A total of 16 PCIe lanes
* The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2
* 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
* No L4 cache (eDRAM).
* A release date of January 3, 2017

Desktop processors (S-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores (threads)  | CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo clock rate  | GPU model | Maximum

GPU clock rate

| L3

cache

| TDP  | Price (USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single core  | Dual core  | Quad core
Core i7  | 7700K | 4 (8)  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | HD 630  | 1150 MHz  | 8 MB  | 91 W  | $350
7700 | 3.6 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 65 W  | $312
7700T | 2.9 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 35 W
Core i5  | 7600K | 4 (4)  | 3.8 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 6 MB  | 91 W  | $243
7600 | 3.5 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 65 W  | $224
7600T | 2.8 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 1100 MHz  | 35 W
7500 | 3.4 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 65 W  | $202
7500T | 2.7 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 3.2 GHz  | 3.1 GHz  | 35 W
7400 | 3.0 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 1000 MHz  | 65 W  | $182
7400T | 2.4 GHz  | 3.0 GHz  | 2.9 GHz  | 2.7 GHz  | 35 W  | $187
Core i3  | 7350K | 2 (4)  | 4.2 GHz  | N/A  | 1150 MHz  | 4 MB  | 60 W  | $179
7320 | 4.1 GHz  | 51 W  | $157
7300 | 4.0 GHz  | $147
7300T | 3.5 GHz  | 1100 MHz  | 35 W
7100 | 3.9 GHz  | 3 MB  | 51 W  | $117
7100T | 3.4 GHz  | 35 W
7101E | 3.9 GHz  | 54 W
7101TE | 3.4 GHz  | 35 W
Mobile Processors (H-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores (threads)  | CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo clock rate  | GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| Max. PCIe lanes  | TDP  | cTDP  | Release date  | Price (USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single core  | Dual core  | Quad core  | Base  | Max.  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 7920HQ | 4 (8)  | 3.1 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | HD 630  | 350 MHz  | 1100 MHz  | 8 MB  | 16  | 45 W  | N/A  | 35 W  | Q1 2017  | $568
7820HQ | 2.9 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | $378
7820HK
7700HQ | 2.8 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 6 MB
Core i5  | 7440HQ | 4 (4)  | 1000 MHz  | $250
7300HQ | 2.5 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 3.1 GHz
Core i3  | 7100H | 2 (4)  | 3.0 GHz  | N/A  | 950 MHz  | 3 MB  | 35 W  | N/A  | $225
Mobile Processors (U-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo clock rate  | GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| L4

cache

| Max. PCIe lanes  | TDP  | cTDP  | Release date  | Price (USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single core  | Dual core  | Base  | Max.  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 7660U | 2 (4)  | 2.5 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | ?  | Iris Plus 640  | 300 MHz  | 1100 MHz  | 4 MB  | 64 MB  | 12  | 15 W  | N/A  | 9.5 W  | Q1 2017  | ?
7600U | 2.8 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | HD 620  | 1150 MHz  | N/A  | 25 W  | 7.5 W  | $393
7567U | 3.5 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | Iris Plus 650  | 64 MB  | 28 W  | N/A  | 23 W  | ?
7560U | 2.4 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | Iris Plus 640  | 1050 MHz  | 15 W  | 9.5 W
7500U | 2.7 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | HD 620  | N/A  | 25 W  | 7.5 W  | Q3 2016  | $393
Core i5  | 7360U | 2.3 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | Iris Plus 640  | 1000 MHz  | 4 MB  | 64 MB  | 12  | 15 W  | N/A  | 9.5 W  | Q1 2017  | ?
7300U | 2.6 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | HD 620  | 1100 MHz  | 3 MB  | N/A  | 12  | 15 W  | 25 W  | 7.5 W  | $281
7287U | 3.3 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | Iris Plus 650  | 4 MB  | 64 MB  | 28 W  | N/A  | 23 W  | ?
7267U | 3.1 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 1050 MHz
7260U | 2.2 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | Iris Plus 640  | 950 MHz  | 15 W  | 9.5 W
7200U | 2.5 GHz  | 3.1 GHz  | HD 620  | 1000 MHz  | 3 MB  | N/A  | 25 W  | 7.5 W  | Q3 2016  | $281
Core i3  | 7167U | 2.8 GHz  | N/A  | Iris Plus 650  | 1000 MHz  | 3 MB  | 64 MB  | 12  | 28 W  | N/A  | 23 W  | Q1 2017  | ?
7100U | 2.4 GHz  | HD 620  | N/A  | 15 W  | 7.5 W  | Q3 2016  | $281
Mobile Processors (Y-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo clock rate  | GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| Max. PCIe lanes  | TDP  | cTDP  | Release date  | Price (USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single core  | Dual core  | Base  | Max.  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 7Y75 | 2 (4)  | 1.3 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | HD 615  | 300 MHz  | 1050 MHz  | 4 MB  | 10  | 4.5 W  | 7 W  | 3.5 W  | Q3 2016  | $393
Core i5  | 7Y57 | 1.2 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 2.9 GHz  | 950 MHz  | Q1 2017  | $281
7Y54 | 3.2 GHz  | 2.8 GHz  | Q3 2016
Core i3  | 7Y30 | 1.0 GHz  | 2.6 GHz  | ?  | 900 MHz
7Y32 | 1.1 GHz  | 3.0 GHz  | Q2 2017

Kaby Lake-X processors are modified versions of Kaby Lake-S processors that fit into the LGA 2066 socket. However, they can't take advantage of the unique features of the platform.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores (threads)  | CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo clock rate  | L3

cache

| TDP  | Price (USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single core  | Dual core  | Quad core
Core i7  | 7740X  | 4 (8)  | 4.3 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 8 MB  | 112 W  | $339
Core i5  | 7640X  | 4 (4)  | 4.0 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 6 MB  | $242

### 8th generation

#### Kaby Lake Refresh

Mobile processors (U-Series)  Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores
(threads)  | CPU
clock
rate | CPU Turbo clock rate  | GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3
cache  | L4
cache  | Max.
PCIe
lanes  | TDP  | cTDP  | Release
date  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Single
core  | Dual
core  | Quad
core  | Base  | Max.  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 8650U | 4 (8)  | 1.9 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | UHD 620  | 300 MHz  | 1150 MHz  | 8 MB  | N/A  | 12  | 15 W  | 25 W  | 10 W  | Q3 2017  | $409
8550U | 1.8 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 3.7 GHz
Core i5  | 8350U | 1.7 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 1100 MHz  | 6 MB  | $297
8250U | 1.6 GHz  | 3.4 GHz

#### Coffee Lake microarchitecture

Main page: Coffee Lake

Coffee Lake is a codename for the eighth generation Intel Core family and was launched in October 2017. For the first time in the ten-year history of Intel Core processors, the Coffee Lake generation features an increase in core counts across the desktop lineup of processors, a significant driver of improved performance versus previous generations despite similar per-clock performance.

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop Coffee Lake processors  | Kaby Lake
(7th Generation)  | Coffee Lake
(8th Generation)

|
|

| Cores / Threads  | Cores / Threads
Core i3  | 2 / 40 | 4 / 40
Core i5  | 4 / 40 | 6 / 60
Core i7  | 4 / 80 | 6 / 12

* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core

Coffee Lake features largely the same CPU core and performance per MHz as Skylake/Kaby Lake.[73][74] Features specific to Coffee Lake include:

* Following similar refinements to the 14 nm process in Skylake and Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake is the third 14 nm process refinement ("14nm++") and features increased transistor gate pitch for a lower current density and higher leakage transistors which allows higher peak power and higher frequency at the expense of die area and idle power.
* Coffee Lake will be used in conjunction with the 300-series chipset and is incompatible with the older 100- and 200-series chipsets.[75][76]
* Increased L3 cache in accordance to the number of cores
* Increased turbo clock speeds across i5 and i7 CPUs models (increased by up to 200 MHz)
* Increased iGPU clock speeds by 50 MHz
* DDR4 memory support updated for 2666 MHz (for i5 and i7 parts) and 2400 MHz (for i3 parts); DDR3 memory is no longer supported

Desktop processors (S-Series)  Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base CPU
clock rate | Turbo clock rate[77] [GHz]  | GPU | max GPU
clock rate  | L3
cache  | TDP  | Memory
support  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number of cores used
1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6
Core i7  | 8086K | 6 (12)  | 4.0 GHz  | 5.0  | 4.6  | 4.5  | 4.4  | 4.3  | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz  | 12 MB  | 95 W  | DDR4

2666

| $425
8700K | 3.7 GHz  | 4.7  | $359
8700 | 3.2 GHz  | 4.6  | 4.5  | 4.4  | 4.3  | 65 W  | $303
8700T | 2.4 GHz  | 4.0  | 4.0  | 3.9  | 3.8  | 35 W
Core i5  | 8600K | 6 (6)  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.3  | 4.2  | 4.1  | 1.15 GHz  | 9 MB  | 95 W  | $257
8600 | 3.1 GHz  | 65 W  | $213
8600T | 2.3 GHz  | 3.7  | 3.6  | 3.5  | 35 W
8500 | 3.0 GHz  | 4.1  | 4.0  | 3.9  | 1.10 GHz  | 65 W  | $192
8500T | 2.1 GHz  | 3.5  | 3.4  | 3.3  | 3.2  | 35 W
8400 | 2.8 GHz  | 4.0  | 3.9  | 3.8  | 1.05 GHz  | 65 W  | $182
8400T | 1.7 GHz  | 3.3  | 3.2  | 3.1  | 3.0  | 35 W
Core i3  | 8350K | 4 (4)  | 4.0 GHz  | N/A  | 1.15 GHz  | 8 MB  | 91 W  | DDR4

2400

| $168
8300 | 3.7 GHz  | 62 W  | $138
8300T | 3.2 GHz  | 35 W
8100 | 3.6 GHz  | 1.10 GHz  | 6 MB  | 65 W  | $117
8100T | 3.1 GHz  | 35 W

* Processors Core i3-8100 and Core i3-8350K with stepping B0 actually belong to "Kaby Lake-S" family

Mobile processors (H-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| Max. Turbo

clock rate

| GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| TDP  | cTDP  | Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max.  | Down  | Up
Core i7  | 8850H | 6 (12)  | 2.6 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | UHD 630  | 350 MHz  | 1.15 GHz  | 9 MB  | 45 W  | 35 W  | N/A  | $395
8750H | 2.2 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 1.10 GHz
8700B | 3.2 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 1.20 GHz  | 12 MB  | 65 W  | $303
Core i5  | 8500B | 6 (6)  | 3.0 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 1.10 GHz  | 9 MB  | $192
8400B | 2.8 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 1.05 GHz  | $182
8400H | 4 (8)  | 2.5 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 1.10 GHz  | 8 MB  | 45 W  | $250
8300H | 2.3 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 1.00 GHz  | $250
Core i3  | 8100H | 4 (4)  | 3.0 GHz  | N/A  | 6 MB  | $225
Mobile processors (U-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| Max. Turbo

clock rate

| GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| L4 cache

(eDRAM)

| TDP  | cTDP  | Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max.  | Down  | Up
Core i7  | 8559U | 4 (8)  | 2.7 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | Iris Plus 655  | 300 MHz  | 1.20 GHz  | 8 MB  | 128 MB  | 28 W  | 20 W  | N/A  | $431
Core i5  | 8269U | 2.6 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 1.10 GHz  | 6 MB  | $320

8259U

| 2.3 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 1.05 GHz  | N/A  |
Core i3  | 8109U | 2 (4)  | 3.0 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | UHD 630  | 1.10 GHz  | 4 MB  |

#### Amber Lake microarchitecture

Amber Lake is a refinement over the low power Mobile Kaby Lake CPUs.

Mobile Processors (Y-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU clock rate | GPU  | Max GPU

clock rate

| L3

cache

| TDP  | cTDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max turbo | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 8510Y | 2 (4)  | 1.8 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | UHD 617 | 1050 MHz  | 4 MB  | 7 W  | N/A  | $393
8500Y | 1.5 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | UHD 615 | 5 W  | 7 W  | 3.5 W  | $393
Core i5  | 8310Y | 1.6 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | UHD 617 | 7 W  | N/A  | $281
8210Y | 3.6 GHz
8200Y | 1.3 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | UHD 615 | 950 MHz  | 5 W  | 7 W  | 3.5 W  | $291
Core m3  | 8100Y | 1.1 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 900 MHz  | 8 W  | 4.5 W  | $281

#### Whiskey Lake microarchitecture

Main page: Engineering:Whiskey Lake

Whiskey Lake is Intel's codename for the third 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Kaby Lake Refresh and Coffee Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Whiskey Lake CPUs availability on August 28, 2018.[78][79] It has not yet been advertised whether this CPU architecture contains hardware mitigations for Meltdown/Spectre class vulnerabilities—various sources contain conflicting information.[80][81][79][82] Unofficially it was announced that Whiskey Lake has hardware mitigations against Meltdown and L1TF while Spectre V2 requires software mitigations as well as microcode/firmware update.[83][84][85][86]

##### Architecture changes compared to Kaby Lake Refresh

* 14++ nm process, same as Coffee Lake
* Increased turbo clocks (300–600 MHz)
* 14 nm PCH
* Native USB 3.1 gen 2 support (10 Gbit/s)
* Integrated 802.11ac 160 MHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0
* Intel Optane Memory support

Mobile processors (U-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| Turbo clock GHz

Num of cores

| GPU  | Max GPU

clock rate

| L3

cache

| cTDP  | Memory  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2  | 4  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 8665U | 4 (8)  | 1.9 GHz  | 4.8  |  |  | UHD
620 | 1150 MHz  | 8 MB  | 25 W  | 10 W  | DDR4-2400

LPDDR3-2133

| $409
8565U | 1.8 GHz  | 4.6  | 4.5  | 4.1  | $409
Core i5  | 8365U | 1.6 GHz  | 4.1  |  |  | 1100 MHz  | 6 MB  | $297
8265U | 3.9  | 3.9  | 3.7  | $297
Core i3  | 8145U | 2 (4)  | 2.1 GHz  | 3.9  | 3.7  | N/A  | 1000 MHz  | 4 MB  | $281

#### Cannon Lake microarchitecture

Cannon Lake (formerly Skymont) is Intel's codename for the 10-nanometer die shrink of the Kaby Lake microarchitecture. As a die shrink, Cannon Lake is a new process in Intel's "process–architecture–optimization" execution plan as the next step in semiconductor fabrication.[87] Cannon Lake are the first mainstream CPUs to include the AVX-512 instruction set. In comparison to the previous generation AVX2 (AVX-256), the new generation AVX-512 most notably provides double the width of data registers and double the number of registers. These enhancements would allow for twice the number of floating point operations per register due to the increased width in addition to doubling the overall number of registers, resulting in theoretical performance improvements of up to four times the performance of AVX2.[88][89]

At CES 2018, Intel announced that they had started shipping mobile Cannon Lake CPUs at the end of 2017 and that they would ramp up production in 2018.[90][91][92] No further details were disclosed.

##### Architecture changes compared to Coffee Lake

* AVX-512 instruction set extension
* Intel's first 10 nm process technology

#### Mobile processors (U-Series)

Mobile processors (U-Series)  Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| CPU

clock rate

| CPU Turbo

clock rate

| GPU  | GPU clock rate  | L3

cache

| TDP  | cTDP  | Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max.  | Down
Core i3  | 8121U[93][94] | 2 (4)  | 2.2 GHz  | 3.2 GHz  | N/A  | 4 MB  | 15 W  | N/A  | ?

### 9th generation

#### Skylake microarchitecture

The 9th generation Skylake CPUs are updated versions of previous Skylake X-Series CPUs with clockspeed improvements.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | Base Clock  | Single Core Turbo Clock  | L3 cache  | TDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9  | 9980XE | 18/36  | 3.0 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 24.75 MB  | 165 W  | $1979
9960X | 16/32  | 3.1 GHz  | 22 MB  | $1684
9940X | 14/28  | 3.3 GHz  | 19.25 MB  | $1387
9920X | 12/24  | 3.5 GHz  | $1189
9900X | 10/20  | $989
9820X | 3.3 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 16.5 MB  | $889
Core i7  | 9800X | 8/16  | 3.8 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | $589

#### Coffee Lake Refresh microarchitecture

The 9th generation Coffee Lake CPUs were released in the fourth quarter of 2018. They include hardware mitigations against certain Meltdown/Spectre vulnerabilities.[95][96]

For the first time in Intel consumer CPU history, these CPUs support up to 128 GB RAM.[97]

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop 9th Generation processors  | 8th Generation  | 9th Generation

|
|

| Cores / Threads  | Cores / Threads
Core i3  | 4 / 40 | 4 / 40
Core i5  | 6 / 60 | 6 / 60
Core i7  | 6 / 12  | 8 / 8
Core i9  | N/A  | 8 / 16

* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core

Even though the F suffix CPUs lack an integrated GPU, Intel set the same price for these CPUs as their featureful counterparts.[98]

Desktop processors (S-Series)  Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| Base CPU
clock rate | Turbo clock rate[99] [GHz]  | GPU | max GPU
clock rate  | L3
cache  | TDP  | Memory

support

| Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Number of cores used
1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8
Core i9  | 9900KS | 8 (16)  | 4.0 GHz  | 5.0  | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz  | 16 MB  | 127 W *  | DDR4-2666  | $524
9900K | 3.6 GHz  | 5.0  | 4.8  | 4.7  | 95 W *  | $488
9900KF | N/A
Core i7  | 9700K | 8 (8)  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.9  | 4.8  | 4.7  | 4.6  | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz  | 12 MB  | 95 W  | $374
9700KF | N/A
Core i5  | 9600K | 6 (6)  | 3.7 GHz  | 4.6  | 4.5  | 4.4  | 4.3  | N/A  | UHD 630 | 1.15 GHz  | 9 MB  | $262
9600KF | N/A
9400 | 2.9 GHz  | 4.1  |  |  |  |  |  | UHD 630 | 1.05 GHz  | 65 W  | $182
9400F |  |  |  |  |  | N/A
Core i3  | 9350KF | 4 (4)  | 4.0 GHz  | 4.6  |  |  |  |  |  | N/A  | 8 MB  | 91 W  | DDR4-2400  | $173
9100F | 3.6 GHz  | 4.2  |  |  |  |  |  | N/A  | 6 MB  | 65 W  | $122
9100 |  |  |  |  |  | UHD 630 | 1.1 GHz

* various reviews show that the Core i9 9900K CPU may consume over 140 W under load. The Core i9 9900KS may consume even more.[100][101][102][103]

Mobile processors (H-Series)  Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| Base CPU
clock rate | Single Core Turbo clock rate [GHz]  | GPU | Max GPU
clock rate  | L3
cache  | TDP  | Memory
support  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9  | 9980HK | 8 (16)  | 2.4 GHz  | 5.0  | HD 630  | 1.25 GHz  | 16 MB  | 45 W  | DDR4-2666  | $583
9880H | 2.3 GHz  | 4.8  | 1.20 GHz  | $556
Core i7  | 9850H | 6 (12)  | 2.6 GHz  | 4.6  | 1.15 GHz  | 12 MB  | $395
9750H | 4.5
Core i5  | 9400H | 4 (8)  | 2.5 GHz  | 4.3  | 1.10 GHz  | 8 MB  | $250
9300H | 2.4 GHz  | 4.1  | 1.05 GHz

### 10th generation

#### Cascade Lake microarchitecture

Cascade Lake X-Series CPUs are the 10th generation versions of the previous Skylake X-Series CPUs. They offer minor clockspeed improvements and a highly reduced price.

High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores/Threads  | Base Clock  | Single Core Turbo Clock  | All Core Turbo Clock  | L3 cache  | TDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9  | 10980XE | 18/36  | 3.0 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 24.75 MB  | 165 W  | $979
10940X | 14/28  | 3.3 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 19.25 MB  | $784
10920X | 12/24  | 3.5 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | $689
10900X | 10/20  | 3.7 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | $590

#### Ice Lake microarchitecture

Main page: Engineering:Ice Lake (microprocessor)

Ice Lake is codename for Intel's 10th generation Intel Core processors, representing an enhancement of the 'architecture' of the preceding generation Kaby Lake/Cannon Lake processors (as specified in Intel's process–architecture–optimization execution plan). As the successor to Cannon Lake, Ice Lake uses Intel's newer 10 nm+ fabrication process, and is powered by the Sunny Cove microarchitecture.

Ice Lake are the first Intel CPUs to feature in-silicon mitigations for the hardware vulnerabilities discovered in 2017, Meltdown and Spectre. These side-channel attacks exploit branch prediction's use of speculative execution. These exploits may cause the CPU to reveal cached private information which the exploiting process is not intended to be able to access as a form of timing attack.[citation needed]

#### Features

##### CPU

* On average 18% increase in IPC in comparison to 2015 Skylake running at the same frequency and memory configuration[104][105]
* L1 instruction/data cache: 32 KB / 48 KiB; L2 cache: 512 KiB[79]
* Dynamic Tuning 2.0 which allows the CPU to stay at turbo frequencies for longer[106][107]
* Six new AVX-512 instruction subsets: VPOPCNTDQ, VBMI2, BITALG, VPCLMULQDQ, GFNI, and VAES
* AI tasks acceleration, Intel Deep Learning Boost[108][107]

##### GPU

* Gen 11 GPU with up to 64 execution units;[109][110] 4K@120 Hz, 5K, 8K display output[111]
* Variable Rate Shading[112][113]
* DisplayPort 1.4a with Display Stream Compression; HDMI 2.0b
* Up to 1.15 TFLOPS of computational performance
* Two HEVC 10-bit encode pipelines, either two 4K60 4:4:4 streams simultaneously or one 8K30 4:2:2[107]

##### Package

* 10 nm+ transistors
* New memory controller with DDR4 3200 and LPDDR4X 3733 support
* Integrated support for Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)
* Thunderbolt 3 support[114]

#### Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores
(threads)  | Base CPU
clock rate | Turbo clock GHz

Num of cores

| GPU  | L3
cache  | TDP  | cTDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2  | 4  | Series  | EUs | Max clock
rate  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 1065G7 | 4 (8)  | 1.3 GHz  | 3.9  |  | 3.5  | Iris Plus | 64  | 1.1 GHz  | 8 MiB  | 15 W  | 25 W  | 12 W  | $426
Core i5  | 1035G7 | 1.2 GHz  | 3.7  |  | 3.3  | 1.05 GHz  | 6 MiB  | 15 W  | 25 W  | 12 W  | $320
1035G4 | 1.1 GHz  |  | 48  | $309
1035G1 | 1.0 GHz  | 3.6  |  | UHD | 32  | 13 W  | $297
Core i3  | 1005G1 | 2 (4)  | 1.2 GHz  | 3.4  |  | UHD  | 32  | 0.9 GHz  | 4 MiB  | 15 W  | 25 W  | 13 W  | $281

#### Mobile processors (Y-Series)

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores
(threads)  | Base CPU
clock rate | Turbo clock GHz

Num of cores

| GPU  | L3
cache  | TDP  | cTDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2  | 4  | Series  | EUs | Max clock
rate  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 1060G7 | 4 (8)  | 1.0 GHz  | 3.8  |  | 3.4  | Iris Plus  | 64  | 1.1 GHz  | 8 MiB  | 9 W  | 12 W  |  |
Core i5  | 1030G7 | 0.8 GHz  | 3.5  |  | 3.2  | Iris Plus  | 64  | 6 MiB  | 9 W  | 12 W  |  |
1030G4 | 0.7 GHz  |  | 48  |  |
Core i3  | 1000NG4 | 2 (4)  | 1.1 GHz  | 3.2  |  | Iris Plus  | 48  | 0.9 GHz  | 4 MiB  | 9 W  |  |  |

1000G4

| 12 W  |  |
1000G1 | UHD  | 32  |  |

#### Comet Lake microarchitecture

Main page: Engineering:Comet Lake

Comet Lake is Intel's codename for the fourth 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Whiskey Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Comet Lake CPUs availability on August 21, 2019.[115]

#### Architecture changes in Comet Lake-U compared to Whiskey Lake

* Up to six CPU cores; L3 cache up to 12 MiB
* Higher turbo frequencies
* LPDDR4x 2933 memory support
* Wi-Fi 6 AX201 support (Depends on PCH chipset)[116]

Increase in number of CPU cores in desktop 10th generation processors  | 9th generation  | 10th generation

|
|

| Cores / threads  | Cores / threads
Core i3  | 4 / 4  | 4 / 8
Core i5  | 6 / 6  | 6 / 12
Core i7  | 8 / 8  | 8 / 16
Core i9  | 8 / 16  | 10 / 20

#### Desktop processors (S-Series)

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| CPU clock rate (GHz)  | GPU | Smart
cache

(MB)

| TDP  | Memory
support  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | All-Core

Turbo

| Turbo

Boost 2.0

| Turbo Boost

Max 3.0

| Model  | max

clock

rate

(GHz)

Down  | Base
Core i9 | 10900K | 10 (20)  | 3.7  | 4.8  | 5.1  | 5.2  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | 20  | 95  | 125  | DDR4-2933

2-channel

up to 128 GB

| $488
10900KF | N/A  | $472
10910 | 3.6  | 4.7  | 5.0  | N/A  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | OEM
10900 | 2.8  | 4.5  | 5.1  | N/A  | 65  | $438
10900F | N/A  | $422
10900T | 1.9  | 3.7  | 4.5  | 4.6  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | 25  | 35  | $438
10850K | 3.6  | 4.7  | 5.0  | 5.1  | 95  | 125  | $453
Core i7  | 10700K | 8 (16)  | 3.8  | 16  | $374
10700KF | N/A  | $349
10700 | 2.9  | 4.6  | 4.7  | 4.8  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | N/A  | 65  | $323
10700F | N/A  | $298
10700T | 2.0  | 3.7  | 4.4  | 4.5  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | 25  | 35  | $325
Core i5  | 10600K | 6 (12)  | 4.1  | 4.5  | 4.8  | N/A  | 12  | 95  | 125  | DDR4-2666

2-channel

up to 128 GB

| $262
10600KF | N/A  | $237
10600 | 3.3  | 4.4  | 4.8  | UHD

630

| 1.20  | N/A  | 65  | $213
10600T | 2.4  | 3.7  | 4.0  | 25  | 35
10500 | 3.1  | 4.2  | 4.5  | 1.15  | N/A  | 65  | $192
10500T | 2.3  | 3.5  | 3.8  | 25  | 35
10400 | 2.9  | 4.0  | 4.3  | 1.10  | N/A  | 65  | $182
10400F | N/A  | $157
10400T | 2.0  | 3.2  | 3.6  | UHD

630

| 1.10  | 25  | 35  | $182
Core i3  | 10320 | 4 (8)  | 3.8  | 4.4  | 4.6  | 1.15  | 8  | N/A  | 65  | $154
10300 | 3.7  | 4.2  | 4.4  | $143
10300T | 3.0  | 3.6  | 3.9  | 1.10  | 25  | 35
10100 | 3.6  | 4.1  | 4.3  | 6  | N/A  | 65  | $122
10100F | N/A  | $79 - $97
10100T | 3.0  | 3.5  | 3.8  | UHD

630

| 1.10  | 25  | 35  | p

#### Mobile processors (H-Series)

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| CPU clock speed (GHz)  | GPU | Smart

cache

(MB)

| TDP

(W)

| Memory

support

| Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max.

Turbo

| Model  | Max.

freq.

(GHz)

Down  | Base  | Up
Core i9  | 10980HK | 8 (16)  | 2.4  | 5.3  | UHD 630 | 1.25  | 16  | N/A  | 45  | 65  | DDR4-2933

2-channel

up to 128 GB

| $583
10885H | 35  | N/A  | $556
Core i7  | 10875H | 2.3  | 5.1  | 1.20  | $450
10870H | 2.2  | 5.0  | $417
10850H | 6 (12)  | 2.7  | 5.1  | 1.15  | 12  | $395
10750H | 2.6  | 5.0
Core i5  | 10500H | 2.5  | 4.5  | 1.05  | $250
10400H | 4 (8)  | 2.6  | 4.6  | 1.10  | 8
10300H | 2.5  | 4.5  | 1.05
10200H | 2.4  | 4.1  | UHD 610

#### Mobile processors (U-Series)

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| CPU clock speed (GHz)  | GPU | L3

cache

(MB)

| TDP  | Memory

support

| Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | Max.

Turbo

| Model  | Max.

freq.

Down  | Base  | Up
Core i7  | 10810U | 6 (12)  | 1.1  | 4.9  | UHD

620

| 1.15  | 12  | 12.5  | 15  | 25  | DDR4-2666

LPDDR3-2133

| $443
10710U | 4.7
10610U | 4 (8)  | 1.8  | 4.9  | 8  | 10  | $409
10510U
Core i5  | 10310U | 1.7  | 4.4  | 6  | $297
10210U | 1.6  | 4.2  | 1.10
Core i3  | 10110U | 2 (4)  | 2.1  | 4.1  | 1.00  | 4  | $281

#### Comet Lake Refresh microarchitecture

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| CPU clock rate (GHz)  | GPU | Smart
cache

(MB)

| TDP  | Memory
support  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Base  | All-Core

Turbo

| Turbo

Boost 2.0

| Model  | Max.

freq.

Down  | Base
Core i5  | 10505 | 6 (12)  | 3.2  | 4.3  | 4.6  | UHD

630

| 1.2  | 12  | N/A  | 65  | DDR4-2666

2-channel

up to 128 GB

| $192
Core i3  | 10325 | 4 (8)  | 3.9  | 4.5  | 4.7  | 1.15  | 8  | N/A  | 65  | $154
10305 | 3.8  | 4.3  | 4.5  | $143
10305T | 3.0  | 3.7  | 4.0  | 1.10  | 25  | 35
10105 | 3.7  | 4.2  | 4.4  | 6  | N/A  | 65  | $122
10105F | N/A  | $97
10105T | 3.0  | 3.6  | 3.9  | UHD

630

| 1.10  | 25  | 35  | $122

#### Amber Lake Refresh microarchitecture

List of Amber Lake Refresh Y-series processors  Processor branding  | Model  | Cores (threads)  | CPU clock rate | Turbo Boost clock rate  | GPU | Max GPU clock rate  | L3 cache  | TDP  | cTDP  | Memory | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1 core  | 2 cores  | 4 cores  | Up  | Down
Core i7  | 10510Y | 4 (8)  | 1.2 GHz | 4.5 GHz |  | 3.2 GHz | UHD for 10th Gen Processors | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 7 W | 9 W | 4.5 W | LPDDR3-2133  | US$403
Core i5  | 10310Y | 1.1 GHz | 4.1 GHz |  | 2.8 GHz | 1050 MHz | 6 MB | 5.5 W | US$292
10210Y | 1.0 GHz | 4.0 GHz |  | 2.7 GHz | 4.5 W
Core i3  | 10110Y | 2 (4)  | 3.7 GHz | N/A  | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | 5.5 W | US$287

### 11th generation

#### Tiger Lake

Main page: Tiger Lake

Launched on September 2, 2020.

#### Architecture changes compared to Ice Lake

#### CPU

* Intel Willow Cove CPU cores[117]
* Larger level two and level three (L2/L3) caches
* A new AVX-512 instruction: Vector Pair Intersection to a Pair of Mask Registers, VP2INTERSECT[118][119]
* Control Flow Enforcement Technology to prevent Return Oriented Programming and Jump Oriented Programming hacking techniques[120]
* Full memory (RAM) encryption[121]
* Indirect branch tracking and shadow stack[122]
* Intel Key Locker[123][124]
* AVX/AVX2 instructions support for Pentium Gold and Celeron processors has been unlocked

#### GPU

* Intel Xe-LP ("Gen12") GPU with up to 96 execution units[125] (50% uplift compared to Ice Lake) with some yet to be announced processors using Intel's discrete GPU, DG1[126][127]
* Fixed-function hardware decoding for High Efficiency Video Coding 12-bit, 4:2:2/4:4:4; VP9 12-bit 4:4:4 and AV1 8K 10-bit 4:2:0[128][129][130]
* Support for a single 8K 12-bit High-dynamic-range video display or two 4K resolution 10-bit HDR displays
* Hardware accelerated Dolby Vision
* Sampler Feedback[131][132][133] support

#### I/O

* PCI Express 4.0[134] (Pentium and Celeron CPUs are limited to PCI Express 3.0)
* Thunderbolt 4 (includes USB4)
* LPDDR4X-4267 memory support
* LPDDR5-5400 "architecture capability" (Intel expects Tiger Lake products with LPDDR5 to be available around Q1 2021)[135][136][137] Designs with LPDDR5 memory are yet to be announced as of March 2022.

Miniaturization of CPU and motherboard into an M.2 SSD-sized small circuit board[126]

#### Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H)

* All models support DDR4-3200 memory
* All models support 20 reconfigurable PCI Express 4.0 lanes, allowing x16 Gen 4 link for discrete GPU and x4 Gen 4 link for M.2 SSDs

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base freq at TDP  | Max Turbo freq, active cores  | UHD Graphics | Smart

cache

| TDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

@35 W  | @45 W  | @65 W  | 1 or 2  | 4  | 6  | All  | EUs | Max freq
Core i9  | 11980HK | 8 (16)  | N/A  | 2.6 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 32  | 1.45 GHz  | 24 MB  | 45-65 W  | $583
11950H vPro  | 2.1 GHz  | N/A  | 35-45 W  | $556
11900H | 2.5 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | $546
Core i7  | 11850H vPro  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | $395
11800H | 1.9 GHz  | 2.3 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.2 GHz
Core i5  | 11500H vPro  | 6 (12)  | 2.4 GHz  | 2.9 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 12 MB  | $250
11400H | 2.2 GHz  | 2.7 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 16
11260H | 2.1 GHz  | 2.6 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 1.40 GHz

#### Mobile processors (Tiger Lake-H35)

* All models support DDR4-3200 or LPDDR4X-4267 memory

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base freq at TDP  | Max Turbo freq

active cores

| Iris Xe Graphics | Smart

cache

| TDP  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

@28 W  | @35 W  | 1  | 2  | All  | EUs | Max freq
Core i7  | 11390H | 4 (8)  | 2.9 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 96  | 1.40 GHz  | 12 MB  | 28-35 W  | $426
11375H | 3.0 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 1.35 GHz  | $482
11370H | 4.8 GHz  | $426
Core i5  | 11320H | 2.5 GHz  | 3.2 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 8 MB  | $309
11300H | 2.6 GHz  | 3.1 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 80  | 1.30 GHz

#### Mobile processors (UP3-class)

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base freq at TDP  | Max Turbo freq  | GPU  | Smart

cache

| TDP  | Memory

support

| Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

@12 W  | @15 W  | @28 W  | 1 Core  | All Cores  | Series  | EUs | Max freq
Core i7  | 1195G7 | 4 (8)  | 1.3 GHz  |  | 2.9 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | Iris Xe  | 96  | 1.40 GHz  | 12 MB  | 12-28 W  | DDR4-3200

LPDDR4X-4267

| $426
1185G7 vPro  | 1.2 GHz  | 1.8 GHz[136] | 3.0 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 1.35 GHz
1165G7 | 1.2 GHz  | 1.7 GHz  | 2.8 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 1.30 GHz
Core i5  | 1155G7 | 1.0 GHz  |  | 2.5 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 80  | 1.35 GHz  | 8 MB  | $309
1145G7 vPro  | 1.1 GHz  | 1.5 GHz | 2.6 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 1.30 GHz
1135G7 | 0.9 GHz | 1.4 GHz  | 2.4 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 3.8 GHz
Core i3  | 1125G4 |  | 2.0 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | UHD  | 48  | 1.25 GHz  | DDR4-3200

LPDDR4X-3733

| $281
1115G4 | 2 (4)  | 1.7 GHz  | 2.2 GHz | 3.0 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 6 MB

#### Embedded mobile processors (UP3-class)

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base freq at TDP  | Max

Turbo freq

| GPU  | Smart

cache

| TDP  | Memory support  | Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

@12 W  | @15 W  | @28 W  | Series  | EUs | Max freq  | Type  | ECC
Core i7  | 1185GRE vPro  | 4 (8)  | 1.2 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 2.8 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | Iris Xe  | 96  | 1.35 GHz  | 12 MB  | 15 W  | DDR4-3200

LPDDR4X-4267

| Yes  | $490
1185G7E vPro  | No  | $431
Core i5  | 1145GRE vPro  | 1.1 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 2.6 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 80  | 1.30 GHz  | 8 MB  | Yes  | $362
1145G7E vPro  | No  | $312
Core i3  | 1115GRE | 2 (4)  | 1.7 GHz  | 2.2 GHz  | 3.0 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | UHD  | 48  | 1.25 GHz  | 6 MB  | DDR4-3200

LPDDR4X-3733

| Yes  | $338
1115G4E | No  | $285

#### Mobile processors (UP4-class)

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base freq at TDP  | Max Turbo freq  | GPU  | Smart

cache

| TDP  | Memory

support

| Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

@7 W  | @9 W  | @15 W  | 1 Core  | All Cores  | Series  | EUs | Max freq
Core i7  | 1180G7 vPro  | 4 (8)  | 0.9 GHz |  | 2.2 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  |  | Iris Xe  | 96  | 1.10 GHz  | 12 MB  | 7-15 W  | LPDDR4X-4267  | $426
1160G7 | 1.2 GHz  | 2.1 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.6 GHz
Core i5  | 1140G7 vPro  | 0.8 GHz |  | 1.8 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  |  | 80  | 8 MB  | $309
1130G7 | 1.1 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 3.4 GHz
Core i3  | 1120G4 | 1.5 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 3.0 GHz  | UHD  | 48  | $281
1110G4 | 2 (4)  | 1.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 2.5 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 6 MB

#### Desktop/tablet processors (Tiger Lake-B)

* Socket: FCBGA1787, a BGA socket, thus these CPUs are meant only for system integrators
* Intel Xe UHD Graphics
* Up to 128 GB DDR4-3200 memory
* Was initially incorrectly listed as having a 5.3 GHz TVB boost frequency.[138]

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(threads)

| Base / Boost Clocks (GHz)  | L3 cache

(MB)

| TDP  | GPU

| GPU

Max freq

| Price

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9  | 11900KB | 8 (16)  | 3.3 / 4.9  | 24  | 65 W  | 32  | 1.45 GHz  | $539
Core i7  | 11700B | 3.2 / 4.8  |
Core i5  | 11500B | 6 (12)  | 3.3 / 4.6  | 12  |
Core i3  | 11100B | 4 (8)  | 3.6 / 4.4  | 16  | 1.4 GHz  |

#### Rocket Lake microarchitecture

Main page: Engineering:Rocket Lake

Rocket Lake is a codename for Intel's desktop x86 chip family based on the new Cypress Cove microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove (used by Intel's Ice Lake mobile processors) backported to the older 14 nm process.[139] The chips are marketed as "Intel 11th generation Core". Launched March 30, 2021.

#### Architecture changes in comparison with Comet Lake

#### CPU

* Intel Cypress Cove CPU cores
* Up to 19% claimed increase in IPC (instructions-per-clock)[139][140]
* DL Boost (low-precision arithmetic for Deep Learning) and AVX-512 instructions
* Compared to its predecessors, SGX instruction set extensions are removed[141][142]

#### GPU

* Intel Xe-LP ("Gen12") GPU with up to 32 execution units[125][143]
* Fixed-function hardware decoding for HEVC 12-bit, 4:2:2/4:4:4; VP9 12-bit 4:4:4 and AV1 8K 10-bit 4:2:0[128][129][130]
* DisplayPort 1.4a with Display Stream Compression; HDMI 2.0b
* Support for a single 8K 12-bit HDR display or two 4K 10-bit HDR displays
* Hardware accelerated Dolby Vision
* Sampler Feedback[131][132][133][144] support
* Dual Queue Support[145]
* Variable Rate Shading[143][146]
* Integer- and nearest neighbor image scaling[147]
* GPUs on desktop CPUs support 5K 60 Hz

#### I/O

* Up to 20 CPU lanes of PCI Express 4.0[148]
* DDR4-3200 memory support[139]
* USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
* Optional USB4 / Thunderbolt 4 when paired with Intel JHL8540 Thunderbolt 4 Controller[149][150]
* DMI 3.0 x8 link with Intel 500 Series Chipsets

#### Desktop processors

* All CPUs listed below support DDR4-3200 natively. The Core i9 K/KF processors enable a 1:1 ratio of DRAM to memory controller by default at DDR4-3200, whereas the Core i9 non K/KF and all other CPUs listed below enable a 2:1 ratio of DRAM to memory controller by default at DDR4-3200 and a 1:1 ratio by default at DDR4-2933.[151]
* All CPUs support up to 128 GiB of RAM in dual channel mode
* Core i9 CPUs (except 11900T) support Intel Thermal Velocity Boost technology

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| Base

clock rate

| All-Core

Turbo

| Turbo

Boost 2.0

| Turbo Boost

Max 3.0

| GPU | max GPU
clock rate  | Smart
cache  | TDP  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Core i9 | 11900K | 8 (16)  | 3.5 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | 5.2 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 16 MiB  | 125 W  | $539
11900KF | \-  | $513
11900 | 2.5 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 65 W  | $439
11900F | \-  | $422
11900T | 1.5 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 35 W  | $439
Core i7 | 11700K | 3.6 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 125W  | $399
11700KF | \-  | $374
11700 | 2.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 65W  | $323
11700F | \-  | $298
11700T | 1.4 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 35 W  | $323
Core i5 | 11600K | 6 (12)  | 3.9 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | N/A  | 12 MiB  | 125 W  | $262
11600KF | \-  | $237
11600 | 2.8 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | UHD 750 | 1.3 GHz  | 65 W  | $213
11600T | 1.7 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 35 W
11500 | 2.7 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 65 W  | $192
11500T | 1.5 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 35 W
11400 | 2.6 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | UHD 730 | 1.3 GHz  | 65 W  | $182
11400F | \-  | $157
11400T | 1.3 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | UHD 730 | 1.2 GHz  | 35 W  | $182

### 12th generation

#### Alder Lake

Main page: Engineering:Alder Lake

Alder Lake is Intel's codename for the 12th generation of Intel Core processors based on a hybrid architecture utilizing Golden Cove high-performance cores and Gracemont power-efficient cores.[152]
It is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process, previously referred to as Intel 10 nm Enhanced SuperFin (10ESF).
Intel officially announced 12th Gen Intel Core CPUs on October 27, 2021, and was launched to the market on November 4, 2021.[153]

#### Architecture changes in comparison to Rocket Lake

#### CPU

Further information: Engineering:Golden Cove and Engineering:Gracemont (microarchitecture)

* Golden Cove high-performance "Performance-cores" (P-cores)
* Dedicated floating-point adders[154]
* New 6-wide instruction decoder (up from 4-wide in Rocket Lake/Tiger Lake) with the ability to fetch up to 32 bytes of instructions per cycle (up from 16)[154]
* 12 execution ports (up from 10)
* 512 reorder-buffer entries (up from 384)
* 6-wide μOP allocations (up from 5)
* μOP cache size increased to 4K entries (up from 2.25K)
* AVX-VNNI, a VEX-coded variant of AVX512-VNNI for 256-bit vectors
* AVX-512 (including FP16) is present but disabled by default to match E-cores. It still can be enabled on some motherboards by disabling the E-cores[154][155]
* ~18% IPC uplift.[156]
* Gracemont high-efficiency "Efficient-cores" (E-cores)
* E-cores are organized in 4-core modules; L2 cache is shared between E-cores within a module
* 256 reorder-buffer entries (up from 208 in Tremont)
* 17 execution ports (up from 12)
* AVX2, FMA and AVX-VNNI to catch up with P-cores
* Skylake-like IPC.[156]
* new instruction set extensions[157]
* up to 1 TB/s interconnect between cores[154]
* Intel Thread Director / Hardware Feedback Interface (HFI),[158][159] a hardware technology to assist the OS thread scheduler with more efficient load distribution between heterogeneous CPU cores.[136] Enabling this new capability requires support in operating systems. Microsoft added support for Thread Director to Windows 11,[154][160] while support to Linux was merged in kernel 5.18.[159][161]
* up to 30 MB L3 cache[154]
* nomenclature:
* up to 8 P-cores and 8 E-cores on desktop[156]
* up to 6 P-cores and 8 E-cores on mobile (UP3 designs)[156]
* up to 2 P-cores and 8 E-cores on ultra mobile (UP4 designs)[156]
* only P-cores feature Hyper-threading

#### GPU

* Intel Xe (Gen12.2) GPU
* up to 96 EU on mobile and 32 EU on desktop[154]

#### I/O

* LGA 1700 socket[162] for desktop processors
* BGA Type3 and Type4 HDI for mobile processors[136]
* 20 PCIe lanes from CPU
* 16 PCIe 5.0 lanes[154]
* 04 PCIe 4.0 lanes[154]
* Chipset link - DMI 4.0 x8 link with Intel 600 series PCH chipsets
* DDR5, DDR4, LPDDR5, and LPDDR4 memory support
* up to DDR4-3200
* up to DDR5-4800
* XMP 3.0[163]
* Dynamic Memory Boost[163]
* Integrated Thunderbolt 4 and WiFi 6E support[164]

#### Desktop processors (Alder Lake-S)

* All the CPUs support up to 128 GB of DDR4-3200 or DDR5-4800 RAM in dual channel mode.[165]
* Some models feature integrated UHD Graphics 770, UHD Graphics 730 or UHD Graphics 710 GPU with 32/24/16 EUs and base frequency of 300 MHz.
* By default Alder Lake CPUs are configured to run at Turbo Power at all times and Base Power is only guaranteed when P-Cores/E-cores do not exceed the base clock rate.[154]
* Max Turbo Power: the maximum sustained (> 1 s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (≤ 10 ms). Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.
* CPUs in bold below feature ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset.[166]

*By default, Core i9 12900KS achieves 5.5 GHz only when using Thermal Velocity Boost[167]

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores
(threads)  | Base
clock rate | Turbo
Boost 2.0  | Turbo
Max 3.0  | GPU | Smart
cache  | Power  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P | E | P | E | P | E | P | Model  | Max.
clock rate  | Base  | Turbo
Core i9 | 12900KS | 8 (16)  | 8 (8)  | 3.4 GHz  | 2.5 GHz  | 5.2 GHz  | 4.0 GHz  | 5.3 GHz  | UHD 770  | 1.55 GHz  | 30 MB  | 150 W  | 241 W  | $739
12900K | 3.2 GHz  | 2.4 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 5.2 GHz  | 125 W  | $589
12900KF | N/A  | $564
12900 | 2.4 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | UHD 770  | 1.55 GHz  | 65 W  | 202 W  | $489
12900F | N/A  | $464
12900T | 1.4 GHz  | 1.0 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | UHD 770  | 1.55 GHz  | 35 W  | 106 W  | $489
Core i7 | 12700K | 4 (4)  | 3.6 GHz  | 2.7 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 1.50 GHz  | 25 MB  | 125 W  | 190 W  | $409
12700KF | N/A  | $384
12700 | 2.1 GHz  | 1.6 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | UHD 770  | 1.50 GHz  | 65 W  | 180 W  | $339
12700F | N/A  | $314
12700T | 1.4 GHz  | 1.0 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | UHD 770  | 1.50 GHz  | 35 W  | 99 W  | $339
Core i5 | 12600K | 6 (12)  | 3.7 GHz  | 2.8 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | N/A  | 1.45 GHz  | 20 MB  | 125 W  | 150 W  | $289
12600KF | N/A  | $264
12600 | N/A  | 3.3 GHz  | N/A  | 4.8 GHz  | N/A  | UHD 770  | 1.45 GHz  | 18 MB  | 65 W  | 117 W  | $223
12600T | 2.1 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 35 W  | 74 W
12500 | 3.0 GHz  | 65 W  | 117 W  | $202
12500T | 2.0 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 35 W  | 74 W
12490F[168] | 3.0 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | N/A  | 20 MB  | 65 W  | 117 W  | China
exclusive
12400 | 2.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | UHD 730  | 1.45 GHz  | 18 MB  | $192
12400F | N/A  | $167
12400T | 1.8 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | UHD 730  | 1.45 GHz  | 35 W  | 74 W  | $192
Core i3 | 12300 | 4 (8)  | 3.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 12 MB  | 60 W  | 89 W  | $143
12300T | 2.3 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 35 W  | 69 W
12100 | 3.3 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 1.40 GHz  | 60 W  | 89 W  | $122
12100F | N/A  | 58 W  | $97
12100T | 2.2 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | UHD 730  | 1.40 GHz  | 35 W  | 69 W  | $122

#### Extreme-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-HX)

* Bold indicates ECC memory support

Processor
branding  | Model  | Cores
(threads)  | Base
clock rate | Turbo
Boost 2.0  | UHD Graphics | Smart
cache  | Power  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P | E | P | E | P | E | EUs  | Max. freq.  | Base  | Turbo
Core i9  | 12950HX | 8 (16)  | 8 (8)  | 2.3 GHz  | 1.7 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 32  | 1.55 GHz  | 30 MB  | 55 W  | 157 W  | $590
12900HX | $606
Core i7 | 12850HX | 2.1 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 1.45 GHz  | 25 MB  | $428
12800HX | 2.0 GHz  | $457
12650HX | 6 (12)  | 4.7 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 24 MB  |
Core i5 | 12600HX | 4 (8)  | 2.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 1.35 GHz  | 18 MB  | $284
12450HX | 4 (4)  | 2.4 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.1 GHz  | 16  | 1.30 GHz  | 12 MB  |

#### High-performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-H)

Processor
branding  | Model  |

Cores
(threads)

| Base
clock rate | Turbo
Boost 2.0  | Iris Xe Graphics | Smart
cache  | Base

Power

| Turbo
power  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P-cores | E-cores | P-cores  | E-cores  | P-cores  | E-cores  | EUs  | Max freq
Core i9  | 12900HK | 6 (12)  | 8 (8)  | 2.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 3.8 GHz  | 96  | 1.45 GHz  | 24 MB  | 45 W  | 115 W  | $635
12900H | $617
Core i7 | 12800H | 2.4 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 1.4 GHz  | $457
12700H | 2.3 GHz  | 1.7 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 3.5 GHz
12650H | 4 (4)  | 64
Core i5 | 12600H | 4 (8)  | 8 (8)  | 2.7 GHz  | 2.0 GHz  | 4.5 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 80  | 18 MB  | 95 W  | $311
12500H | 2.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 1.3 GHz
12450H | 4 (4)  | 2.0 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 48  | 1.2 GHz  | 12 MB

#### Low Power Performance Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-P)

Processor
branding  | Model  |

Cores
(threads)

| Base
clock rate | Turbo
Boost 2.0  | Iris Xe Graphics | Smart
cache  | Base

Power

| Turbo
power  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P-cores | E-cores | P-cores  | E-cores  | P-cores  | E-cores  | EUs  | Max freq
Core i7 | 1280P | 6 (12)  | 8 (8)  | 1.8 GHz  | 1.3 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 96  | 1.45 GHz  | 24 MB  | 28 W  | 64 W  | $482
1270P | 4 (8)  | 2.2 GHz  | 1.6 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 1.40 GHz  | 18 MB  | $438
1260P | 2.1 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 3.4 GHz
Core i5 | 1250P | 1.7 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 80  | 12 MB  | $320
1240P | 1.30 GHz
Core i3 | 1220P | 2 (4)  | 1.5 GHz  | 1.1 GHz  | 64  | 1.10 GHz  | $281

#### Ultra Low Power Mobile Processors (Alder Lake-U)

Processor
branding  | Model  |

Cores
(threads)

| Base
clock rate | Turbo
Boost 2.0  | Iris Xe Graphics | Smart
cache  | Base

power

| Turbo
power  | Price
(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P-cores | E-cores | P-cores  | E-cores  | P-cores  | E-cores  | EUs  | Max freq
Core i7 | 1265U | 2 (4)  | 8 (8)  | 1.8 GHz  | 1.3 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 96  | 1.25 GHz  | 12 MB  | 15 W  | 55 W  | $426
1260U | 1.1 GHz  | 0.8 GHz  | 4.7 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 0.9 GHz  | 9 W  | 29 W  |
1255U | 1.7 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 1.25 GHz  | 15 W  | 55 W  | $426
1250U | 1.1 GHz  | 0.8 GHz  | 0.9 GHz  | 9 W  | 29 W
Core i5 | 1245U | 1.6 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 80  | 1.2 GHz  | 15 W  | 55 W  | $309
1240U | 1.1 GHz  | 0.8 GHz  | 0.9 GHz  | 9 W  | 29 W  |
1235U | 1.3 GHz  | 0.9 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 15 W  | 55 W  | $309
1230U | 1.0 GHz  | 0.7 GHz  | 0.9 GHz  | 9 W  | 29 W
Core i3  | 1215U | 4 (4)  | 1.2 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 64  | 1.1 GHz  | 10 MB  | 15 W  | 55 W  | $281
1210U | 1.0 GHz  | 0.7 GHz  | 0.85 GHz  | 9 W  | 29 W  |

### 13th generation

Main page: Engineering:Raptor Lake

Raptor Lake is Intel's codename for the 13th generation of Intel Core processors and the second generation based on a hybrid architecture.[169]
It is fabricated using an improved version of Intel's Intel 7 process.[170] Intel launched Raptor Lake on October 22, 2022.

#### Architecture changes in comparison to Alder Lake

#### CPU

* Raptor Cove high-performance "Performance Cores" (P-cores)[171]
* 2 MiB of L2 cache per core (up from 1.28 MiB on Alder Lake)
* Frequency increase of 600 Mhz
* Gracemount high-efficiency cores "Efficiency Cores" (E-cores)[171]
* Doubling of the shared L2 cache per cluster from 2 MiB to 4 MiB.
* Doubling of E-Cores on most desktop processors
* Up to 36 MiB of L3 cache[172]

#### GPU

* Up to 1.65 GHz of maximum frequency on the i9 13900K[171]

#### I/O

* LGA 1700 socket for desktop (same as Alder Lake)[173][171][174]
* Intel 700 series chipset (backwards compatible with 600 series)[174]
* 20 Pcie lanes from CPU
* 16 Pcie Gen 5 lanes
* 4 Pcie Gen 4 lanes
* DDR5, DDR4, LPDDR5, and LPDDR4 support
* Up to 192 GiB of RAM
* Up to DDR4 3200 support
* Up to DDR5 5600 support
* XMP 3.0 support

Integrated Thunderbolt 4 and WiFi 6E support

#### Desktop Processors (Raptor Lake-S)

* All CPUs support up to DDR5 4800 and 192 GiB of RAM
* 13600 and better support DDR5 5600
* 13500 and lower support DDR5 4800
* Intel 600 and 700 chipset support with LGA 1700
* Intel 600 Series chipsets require BIOS update to achieve support for Raptor Lake-S
* First 6 GHz processor (13900KS)*

*By default, Core i9 13900KS achieves 6.0 GHz only when using Thermal Velocity Boost with sufficient power and cooling.

Processor

branding

| Model  | Cores

(Threads)

| Base

clock rate

| Turbo

Boost 2.0

| Turbo

Boost 3.0

| Iris Xe Graphics  | Smart

cache

| Power  | Price

(USD)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

P-core  | E-core  | P-core  | E-core  | P-core  | E-core  | P-core  | EUs  | Max freq  | Base  | Turbo
Core i9  | 13900KS | 8 (16)  | 16 (16)  | 3.2 GHz  | 2.4 GHz  | 5.4 GHz  | 4.3 GHz  | 5.8 GHz  | 32  | 1.65 GHz  | 36 MB  | 150 W  | 253 W  | $689
13900K | 3.0 GHz  | 2.2 GHz  | 5.7 GHz  | 125 W  | $589
13900KF | N/A  | $564
13900 | 2.0 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 5.2 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 5.5 GHz  | 32  | 1.65 GHz  | 65 W  | 219 W  | $549
13900F | N/A  | $524
13900T | 1.1 GHz  | 0.8 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | 5.3 GHz  | 32  | 1.65 GHz  | 35 W  | 106 W  | $549
Core i7  | 13700K | 8 (8)  | 3.4 GHz  | 2.5 GHz  | 5.3 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 5.4 GHz  | 1.60 GHz  | 30 MB  | 125 W  | 253 W  | $409
13700KF | N/A  | $384
13700 | 2.1 GHz  | 1.5 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | 4.1 GHz  | 5.2 GHz  | 32  | 1.60 GHz  | 65 W  | 219 W
13700F | N/A  | $359
13700T | 1.4 GHz  | 1.0 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.6 GHz  | 4.9 GHz  | 32  | 1.60 GHz  | 35 W  | 106 W  | $384
Core i5  | 13600K | 6 (12)  | 3.5 GHz  | 2.6 GHz  | 5.1 GHz  | 3.9 GHz  | N/A  | 1.50 GHz  | 24 MB  | 125 W  | 181 W  | $319
13600KF | N/A  | $294
13600 | 2.7 GHz  | 2.0 GHz  | 5.0 GHz  | 3.7 GHz  | 32  | 1.55 GHz  | 65 W  | 154 W  | $255
13600T | 1.8 GHz  | 1.3 GHz  | 4.8 GHz  | 3.4 GHz  | 35 W  | 92 W
13500 | 2.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 3.5 GHz  | 65 W  | 154 W  | $232
13500T | 1.6 GHz  | 1.2 GHz  | 4.6 GHz  | 3.2 GHz  | 35 W  | 92 W
13400 | 4 (4)  | 2.5 GHz  | 1.8 GHz  | 3.3 GHz  | 24  | 20 MB  | 65 W  | 148 W  | $221
13400F | N/A  | $196
13400T | 1.3 GHz  | 1.0 GHz  | 4.4 GHz  | 3.0 GHz  | 24  | 1.55 GHz  | 35 W  | 82 W  | $221
Core i3  | 13100 | 4 (8)  | N/A  | 3.4 GHz  | N/A  | 4.5 GHz  | N/A  | 1.50 GHz  | 12 MB  | 60 W  | 89 W  | $134
13100F | N/A  | 58 W  | $109
13100T | 2.5 GHz  | 4.2 GHz  | 24  | 1.50 GHz  | 35 W  | 69 W  | $134

### 14th generation

Raptor Lake Refresh is Intel's codename for the 14th generation of Intel Core processors. It is a refresh and based on the same architecture of the 13th generation with clock speeds of up to 6 GHz on the Core i9 14900K and 14900KF, 5.6 GHz on the Core i7 14700K and 14700KF, and 5.3 GHz on the Core i5 14600K and 13400KF as well as UHD Graphics 770 on non-F processors. They are still based on the Intel 7 process node.[175] Introduced on October 17, 2023, these CPUs are designed for the LGA 1700 socket, which allows for compatibility with 600 and 700 series motherboards.[176]

The 14th generation CPU does not feature any major architectural changes over Raptor Lake, but does feature some minor improvements.[177] The 14th generation CPU is widely criticized as a last-ditch effort to beat AMD's Zen 4 with X3D V-Cache[178][179] as Intel's desktop version of the next generation architecture, Meteor Lake, was cancelled and the Arrow Lake architecture was not yet ready for release.[180]

#### Architecture comparison to 13th generation desktop[175][177]

* Same LGA 1700 socket
* 600 and 700 series chipsets require a BIOS update to support 14th generation CPU.
* Same DDR4 and DDR5 support
* DDR4-3200
* DDR5-5600
* Increased E-core count on i7s when compared to 13700K (added four E-cores)

## Reception

### Vulnerabilities

In early 2018, news reports indicated that the security flaws Meltdown and Spectre were found "in virtually all Intel processors [made in the past two decades] that will require fixes within Windows, macOS and Linux". The flaw also affected cloud servers. At the time, Intel was not commenting on this issue.[181][182] According to a New York Times report, "There is no easy fix for Spectre ... as for Meltdown, the software patch needed to fix the issue could slow down computers by as much as 30 percent".[183]

In mid 2018, the majority of Intel Core processors were found to possess a defect (the Foreshadow vulnerability), which undermines the Software Guard Extensions (SGX) feature of the processor.[184][185][186]

In March 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, besides the Meltdown and Spectre flaws, with the systematic name CVE-2019-0090 (or, "Intel CSME Bug", referencing the Converged Security and Management Engine). This newly found flaw is not fixable with a firmware update, and affects nearly "all Intel chips released in the past five years".[187][188][189]

## See also

* Intel Core (microarchitecture)
* List of Intel graphics processing units
* List of Intel processors
* List of Intel Core processors
* List of Intel Core 2 processors
* List of Intel Core M processors
* List of Intel Core i3 processors
* List of Intel Core i5 processors
* List of Intel Core i7 processors
* List of Intel Core i9 processors
* List of Intel chipsets
* Ryzen
* Zen (microarchitecture)

## References

1. ↑ "Desktop Processors". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/index.htm?iid=processors_body+dt_core.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cao, Peter (June 15, 2023). "Intel drops 'i' processor branding after 15 years, introduces 'Ultra' for higher-end chips". https://www.engadget.com/intel-drops-i-processor-branding-after-15-years-introduces-ultra-for-higher-end-chips-130100277.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cutress, Ian. "The Ice Lake Benchmark Preview: Inside Intel's 10nm". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14664/testing-intel-ice-lake-10nm.
4. ↑ "Hiérarchie des caches - L'architecture Intel Nehalem - HardWare.fr". https://www.hardware.fr/articles/733-4/hierarchie-caches.html.
5. ↑ Kanter, David. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture" (in en-US). https://www.realworldtech.com/sandy-bridge/3/.
6. ↑ "Willow Cove - Microarchitectures - Intel - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/willow_cove.
7. ↑ Cutress, Ian; Frumusanu, Andrei. "Intel's Tiger Lake 11th Gen Core i7-1185G7 Review and Deep Dive: Baskin' for the Exotic". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16084/intel-tiger-lake-review-deep-dive-core-11th-gen.
8. ↑ "Intel Core i7-5775C - CM8065802483301 / BX80658I75775C". https://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Core_i7/Intel-Core i7-5775C.html.
9. ↑ "Noyau (suite) - L'architecture Intel Nehalem - HardWare.fr". https://www.hardware.fr/articles/733-6/noyau-suite.html.
10. ↑ "File:broadwell buffer window.png - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/File:broadwell_buffer_window.png.
11. ↑ "File:sunny cove buffer capacities.png - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/File:sunny_cove_buffer_capacities.png.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Popping the Hood on Golden Cove". December 2, 2021. https://chipsandcheese.com/2021/12/02/popping-the-hood-on-golden-cove/.
13. ↑ "Sunny Cove - Microarchitectures - Intel - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/sunny_cove.
14. ↑ Kanter, David. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture" (in en-US). https://www.realworldtech.com/sandy-bridge/6/.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Shimpi, Anand Lal. "Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed: Building a New PC and a New Intel". https://www.anandtech.com/show/6355/intels-haswell-architecture.
16. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "Examining Intel's Ice Lake Processors: Taking a Bite of the Sunny Cove Microarchitecture". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14514/examining-intels-ice-lake-microarchitecture-and-sunny-cove.
17. ↑ "Intel launches three Core M CPUs, promises more Broadwell "early 2015"". Ars Technica. September 5, 2014. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/09/intels-launches-three-core-m-cpus-promises-more-broadwell-early-2015/.
18. ↑ "Intel already phasing out first quad-core CPU". TG Daily. http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33752/135/.
19. ↑ "Intel to discontinue older Centrino CPUs in Q1 08". TG Daily. http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/34115/122/.
20. ↑ "Support for the Intel Core Solo processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/support/processors/mobile/coresolo/.
21. ↑ "Support for the Intel Core Duo Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/support/processors/mobile/coreduo/.
22. ↑ "Intel Microarchitecture". Intel. http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/core/.
23. ↑ "Intel Core2 Solo Mobile Processor - Overview". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2solo/.
24. ↑ "Intel Core2 Duo Processor: Upgrade Today". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2duo/.
25. ↑ "Intel Core2 Duo Mobile Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2duo/mobile/.
26. ↑ "Intel Core2 Quad Processor Overview". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2quad/.
27. ↑ "Intel Core2 Quad Mobile Processors - Overview". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2quad/mobile/.
28. ↑ "Support for the Intel Core2 Extreme Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/support/processors/core2extreme/.
29. ↑ "Intel Core2 Extreme Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/products/processor/core2xe/.
30. ↑ "Intel Microarchitecture Codenamed Nehalem". Intel. http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/next-gen/.
31. ↑ "Public Roadmap Desktop, Mobile & Data Center". Intel. http://download.intel.com/products/roadmap/roadmap.pdf.
32. ↑ "Intel Processor Ratings". Intel. http://www.intel.com/consumer/products/processors/ratings.htm.
33. ↑ "Processor Ratings". Intel. July 9, 2010. http://www.intel.com/consumer/products/processors/ratings.htm.
34. ↑ "Intel Quietly Announces Core i5 and Core i3 Branding". AnandTech. http://www.anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/showdoc.aspx?i=3585.
35. ↑ "Intel confirms Core i3 as 'entry-level' Nehalem chip". Apcmag.com. September 14, 2009. http://apcmag.com/intel-confirms-core-i3-as-entry-level-nehalem-chip.htm.
36. ↑ "Core i5 and i3 CPUs With On-Chip GPUs Launched". Hardware.slashdot.org. January 4, 2010. http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/10/01/04/0754250/Core-i5-and-i3-CPUs-With-On-Chip-GPUs-Launched?art_pos=3.
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38. ↑ "Intel to launch four Arrandale CPUs for mainstream notebooks in January 2010". Digitimes.com. November 13, 2009. http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20091113PD209.html.
39. ↑ "Intel Core i3 Desktop Processor — Frequently Asked Questions". Intel. http://www.intel.com/support/processors/corei3/sb/CS-031175.htm#?iid=subhdr+dnlds.
40. ↑ "FAQ Entry - Online Support - Support - Super Micro Computer, Inc.". http://www.supermicro.com/support/faqs/faq.cfm?faq=10712.
41. ↑ "SPCR • View topic - ECC Support (offshoot of Silent Server Build)". silentpcreview.com. http://www.silentpcreview.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=60512&start=60.
42. ↑ Asus P8B WS specification : supports "ECC, Non-ECC, un-buffered Memory", but "Non-ECC, un-buffered memory only support for client OS (Windows 7, Vista and XP)."
43. ↑ "Support for the Intel Core i5 Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/support/processors/corei5/.
44. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi, Intel's Core i7 870 & i5 750, Lynnfield: Harder, Better, Faster Stronger, anandtech.com, http://anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/showdoc.aspx?i=3634
45. ↑ "Login to Digitimes archive & research". November 13, 2009. http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20091113PD209.html.
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48. ↑ "Support for the Intel Core i7 Processor". Intel. http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/support/highlights/processors/corei7.
49. ↑ Modine, Austin (November 18, 2008). "Intel celebrates Core i7 launch with Dell and Gateway". The Register. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/18/intel_core_i7_launch_event/.
50. ↑ "IDF Fall 2008: Intel un-retires Craig Barrett, AMD sets up anti-IDF camp". Tigervision Media. August 11, 2008. http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/38828/118/.
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53. ↑ "[Intel Roadmap update] Nehalem to enter mainstream market". ExpReview. June 10, 2008. http://en.expreview.com/2008/06/10/intel-roadmap-update-nehalem-to-enter-mainstream-market/.
54. ↑ "Intel Details Upcoming New Processor Generations" (Press release). Intel Corporate. August 11, 2008. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009.
55. ↑ "Intel Core i7-920 Processor (8M Cache, 2.66 GHz, 4.80 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/37147/.
56. ↑ "Intel Core i7-940 Processor (8M Cache, 2.93 GHz, 4.80 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/37148/.
57. ↑ "Intel Core i7-965 Processor Extreme Edition (8M Cache, 3.20 GHz, 6.40 GT/s Intel QPI)". Intel. http://ark.intel.com/products/37149/.
58. ↑ "Getting to the Core - Intel's new flagship client brand". Technology@Intel. http://blogs.intel.com/technology/2008/08/getting_to_the_core_intels_new.php.
59. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i3-530 Processor" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/46472/intel-core-i3530-processor-4m-cache-2-93-ghz.html.
60. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i5-650 Processor (4M Cache, 3.20 GHz) - Product Specifications" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/43546/intel-core-i5650-processor-4m-cache-3-20-ghz/specifications.html.
61. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i5-750 Processor" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/42915/intel-core-i5750-processor-8m-cache-2-66-ghz.html.
62. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i7-920 Processor" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/37147/intel-core-i7920-processor-8m-cache-2-66-ghz-4-80-gts-intel-qpi.html.
63. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i7-920XM Processor Extreme Edition" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/43126/intel-core-i7920xm-processor-extreme-edition-8m-cache-2-00-ghz.html.
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73. ↑ "Intel Coffee Lake Core i7-8700K review: The best gaming CPU you can buy" (in en-us). Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/10/intel-coffee-lake-8700k-review/.
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79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 Cutress, Ian. "Intel Launches Whiskey Lake-U and Amber Lake-Y: New MacBook CPUs?". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13275/intel-launches-whiskey-lake-amber-lake.
80. ↑ "Intel launches Whiskey Lake-U and Amber Lake-Y CPUs with focus on enhanced mobile connectivity" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-launches-Whiskey-Lake-U-and-Amber-Lake-Y-CPUs-with-focus-on-enhanced-mobile-connectivity.325710.0.html.
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82. ↑ "Intel Launches Whiskey Lake And Amber Lake CPUs for Laptops" (in en). Tom's Hardware. 2018-08-28. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-whiskey-lake-amber-lake,37704.html.
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84. ↑ "Ian Cutress on Twitter" (in en). Twitter. https://twitter.com/IanCutress/status/1034686289663197184.
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87. ↑ "Intel's Cannonlake 10nm Microarchitecture is Due For 2016 - Compatible On Union Bay With Union Point PCH". WCCFTech. June 6, 2014. http://wccftech.com/intels-cannonlake-10nm-microarchitecture-due-2016-compatible-union-bay-union-point-pch/.
88. ↑ "Intel Advanced Vector Extensions 512 (Intel AVX-512) Overview". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/avx-512-overview.html.
89. ↑ "What Is Intel AVX-512 and Why Does It Matter? | Prowess Consulting" (in en-US). January 10, 2018. http://www.prowesscorp.com/what-is-intel-avx-512-and-why-does-it-matter/.
90. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "Intel Mentions 10nm, Briefly". https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly.
91. ↑ "Intel Announces 10nm Cannon Lake Is Shipping" (in en). Tom's Hardware. January 9, 2018. http://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-ces-10nm-processor,36289.html.
92. ↑ AnandTech (January 9, 2018), Intel at CES 2018: 10nm [@8:35], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoBfKooUDb0&t=515, retrieved January 10, 2018
93. ↑ "Intel Core i3-8121U SoC - Benchmarks and Specs" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Core-i3-8121U-SoC-Benchmarks-and-Specs.303400.0.html.
94. ↑ Kampman, Jeff (May 15, 2018). "Cannon Lake Core i3-8121U appears in Intel's ARK database". Tech Report. https://techreport.com/news/33645/cannon-lake-core-i3-8121u-appears-in-intel-ark-database.
95. ↑ "Intel Announces 9th Generation Core CPUs, Eight-Core Core i9-9900K" (in en). Tom's Hardware. 2018-10-08. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-9th-generation-coffee-lake-refresh,37898.html.
96. ↑ "Intel announces its latest 9th Gen chips, including its 'best gaming processor' Core i9". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/8/17950968/intel-9th-gen-core-chips-2018-desktop-processors-8-core-i9-9900k.
97. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "Intel to Support 128GB of DDR4 on Core 9th Gen Desktop Processors". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13473/intel-to-support-128gb-of-ddr4-on-core-9th-gen-desktop-processors.
98. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "Intel's Graphics-Free Chips Are Also Savings-Free: Same Price, Fewer Features". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13865/intels-graphics-free-chips-are-also-savings-free-same-price-fewer-features.
99. ↑ Cuttress, Ian (October 8, 2018). "Intel Announced 9th Gen Core CPUs: Core i9-9900K (8-Core), i7-9700K, & i5-9600K". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13401/intel-9th-gen-cpus-9900k-9700k-9600k.
100. ↑ "Intel Core i9 9900K processor review". Guru3D.com. https://www.guru3d.com/articles_pages/intel_core_i9_9900k_processor_review,24.html.
101. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "The Intel 9th Gen Review: Core i9-9900K, Core i7-9700K and Core i5-9600K Tested". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13400/intel-9th-gen-core-i9-9900k-i7-9700k-i5-9600k-review/21.
102. ↑ "Intel Core i9-9900K Review" (in en). TechPowerUp. https://www.techpowerup.com/reviews/Intel/Core_i9_9900K/16.html.
103. ↑ "Power Consumption - Intel Core i9-9900K 9th Gen CPU Review: Fastest Gaming Processor Ever" (in en). Tom's Hardware. 2018-10-19. https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-core-i9-9900k-9th-gen-cpu,5847-11.html.
104. ↑ Schor, David (2019-05-28). "Intel Sunny Cove Core To Deliver A Major Improvement In Single-Thread Performance, Bigger Improvements To Follow" (in en-US). https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2371/intel-sunny-cove-core-to-deliver-a-major-improvement-in-single-thread-performance-bigger-improvements-to-follow/.
105. ↑ Schor, David (2019-05-28). "Intel Announces 10th Gen Core Processors Based On 10nm Ice Lake, Now Shipping" (in en-US). https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2370/intel-announces-10th-gen-core-processors-based-on-10nm-ice-lake-now-shipping/.
106. ↑ "Dynamic Tuning - Intel - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/dynamic_tuning.
107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 Cutress, Ian. "Examining Intel's Ice Lake Processors: Taking a Bite of the Sunny Cove Microarchitecture". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14514/examining-intels-ice-lake-microarchitecture-and-sunny-cove.
108. ↑ "Intel Deep Learning Boost" (in en-US). https://www.intel.ai/intel-deep-learning-boost/.
109. ↑ "The Architecture of Intel Processor Graphics". https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/db/88/The-Architecture-of-Intel-Processor-Graphics-Gen11_R1new.pdf.
110. ↑ "Developer and Optimization Guide for Intel Processor Graphics Gen11...". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/developer-and-optimization-guide-for-intel-processor-graphics-gen11-api.html.
111. ↑ "Intel Ice Lake 10nm CPU Benchmark Leak Shows More Cache, Higher Performance" (in en-us). HotHardware. 2018-10-23. https://hothardware.com/news/intel-ice-lake-10nm-dual-core-cpu-benchmarks-leak.
112. ↑ Cutress, Ian. "Examining Intel's Ice Lake Processors: Taking a Bite of the Sunny Cove Microarchitecture". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14514/examining-intels-ice-lake-microarchitecture-and-sunny-cove/4.
113. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "The Ice Lake Benchmark Preview: Inside Intel's 10nm". https://www.anandtech.com/show/14664/testing-intel-ice-lake-10nm.
114. ↑ "Intel Takes Steps to Enable Thunderbolt 3 Everywhere, Releases Protocol". https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-takes-steps-enable-thunderbolt-3-everywhere-releases-protocol/.
115. ↑ "Intel Expands 10th Gen Intel Core Mobile Processor Family, Offering Double Digit Performance Gains" (in en-US). https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-expands-10th-gen-intel-core-mobile-processor-family-offering-double-digit-performance-gains/.
116. ↑ "Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX201 Product Specifications" (in en). https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/130293/intel-wi-fi-6-ax201.html.
117. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15971/intels-11th-gen-core-tiger-lake-soc-detailed-superfin-willow-cove-and-xelp.
118. ↑ "Compiler Support Getting Wired Up For AVX-512 VP2INTERSECT - Phoronix". https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=LLVM-AVX512-VP2INTERSECT.
119. ↑ Shilov, Anton (October 16, 2020). "Intel's Latest Celeron and Pentium CPUs Finally Get AVX2, AVX-512 Support" (in en). https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intels-latest-celeron-and-pentium-cpus-finally-get-avx2-avx-512-support.
120. ↑ "A Technical Look at Intel's Control-flow Enforcement Technology" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/technical-look-control-flow-enforcement-technology.html.
121. ↑ "Intel Releases New Technology Specification for Memory Encryption" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/blogs/intel-releases-new-technology-specification-for-memory-encryption.html.
122. ↑ Catalin Cimpanu (15 June 2020). "Intel brings novel CET technology to Tiger Lake mobile CPUs". ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-brings-novel-cet-technology-to-tiger-lake-mobile-cpus.
123. ↑ "Intel Key Locker Specification". https://software.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/343965-intel-key-locker-specification.pdf.
124. ↑ "Intel Key Locker Support Added To LLVM - Confirms Presence With Tiger Lake - Phoronix". https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Intel-Key-Locker-LLVM.
125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 Smith, Ryan. "The Intel Xe-LP GPU Architecture Deep Dive: Building Up The Next Generation". https://www.anandtech.com/show/15973/the-intel-xelp-gpu-architecture-deep-dive-building-up-from-the-bottom.
126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 "Intel's Tiger Lake Laptop CPU Brings Thunderbolt 4, AI Graphics Processing". https://www.pcmag.com/news/intels-tiger-lake-laptop-cpu-brings-thunderbolt-4-ai-graphics-processing.
127. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel Launches 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake: Up to 4.8 GHz at 50 W, 2x GPU with Xe, New Branding". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16063/intel-launches-11th-gen-core-tiger-lake-processors-and-evo-branding.
128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 "intel/media-driver". October 14, 2021. https://github.com/intel/media-driver.
129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 "[Decode This enables HW AV1 decode acceleration on Gen12 · intel/media-driver@9491998"] (in en). https://github.com/intel/media-driver/commit/9491998f40d496fc458d282f213c0e9e945b8062.
130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 "Release Intel Media Driver Q3'2020 Release · intel/media-driver". https://github.com/intel/media-driver/releases/tag/intel-media-20.3.0.
131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 "Download Intel Graphics - Windows 10 DCH Drivers" (in en). https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/29904/Intel-Graphics-Windows-10-DCH-Drivers.
132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 "Sampler Feedback" (in en-US). https://microsoft.github.io/DirectX-Specs/d3d/SamplerFeedback.html.
133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 "Coming to DirectX 12— Sampler Feedback: some useful once-hidden data, unlocked" (in en-US). 2019-11-04. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/directx/coming-to-directx-12-sampler-feedback-some-useful-once-hidden-data-unlocked/.
134. ↑ "Intel "Tiger Lake" Supports PCIe Gen 4 and Features Xe Graphics, Phantom Canyon NUC Detailed". August 12, 2019. https://www.techpowerup.com/258196/intel-tiger-lake-supports-pcie-gen-4-and-features-xe-graphics-phantom-canyon-nuc-detailed.
135. ↑ "Intel's Tiger Lake Roars to Life: Willow Cove Cores, Xe Graphics, Support for LPDDR5". Tom's Hardware. August 13, 2020. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intels-tiger-lake-roars-to-life-willow-cove-cores-xe-graphics-support-for-lpddr5.
136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 136.2 136.3 Cutress, Ian; Frumusanu, Andrei. "Intel's Tiger Lake 11th Gen Core i7-1185G7 Review and Deep Dive: Baskin' for the Exotic". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16084/intel-tiger-lake-review-deep-dive-core-11th-gen.
137. ↑ "Intel News Factsheet: Intel Unpacks Architectural Innovations and Reveals New Transistor Technology at Architecture Day 2020". Intel. https://newsroom.intel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/08/intel-2020-architecture-day-fact-sheet.pdf.
138. ↑ Olšan, Jan (August 6, 2021). "Intel potichu uvedl 10nm procesory pro desktop, BGA verze Tiger Lake-H (Update: takty boostu vyjasněné)". https://www.cnews.cz/intel-10nm-procesory-pro-desktop-core-i9-11900kb-zrejme-bga-tiger-lake-h/.
139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 139.2 "Intel's 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake Detailed: Ice Lake Core with Xe Graphics". AnandTech. 2020-10-29. https://www.anandtech.com/show/16205/intels-11th-gen-core-rocket-lake-detailed-ice-lake-core-with-xe-graphics.
140. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel Core i7-11700K Review: Blasting Off with Rocket Lake". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16535/intel-core-i7-11700k-review-blasting-off-with-rocket-lake.
141. ↑ "Intel Core i9-11900K Processor". https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/212325/intel-core-i9-11900k-processor-16m-cache-up-to-5-30-ghz.html.
142. ↑ ""Add rocketlake to gcc" commit". https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=commitdiff;h=c02c39fad02c386f6e687e28282973f580fc95ac.
143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 "Resource & Documentation Center". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/resources-documentation/developer.html.
144. ↑ "DirectX12 Sampler Feedback". https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/documentation/graphics-xe-lp-api-developer-optimization-guide/top/intel-x-lp-architecture-highlights/directx12-sampler-feedback.html.
145. ↑ "Intel Processor Graphics Xe-LP API Developer and Optimization Guide". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/guide/lp-api-developer-optimization-guide.html.
146. ↑ "Variable Rate Shading". https://microsoft.github.io/DirectX-Specs/d3d/VariableRateShading.html.
147. ↑ "Integer Scaling Support on Intel Graphics". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/integer-scaling-support-on-intel-graphics.html.
148. ↑ "Exclusive: Intel Rocket Lake-S features PCI-Express 4.0, Xe Graphics" (in en-US). https://videocardz.com/newz/exclusive-intel-rocket-lake-s-features-pci-express-4-0-xe-graphics.
149. ↑ "Intel JHL8540 Thunderbolt 4 Controller Product Specifications". https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/193684/intel-jhl8540-thunderbolt-4-controller.html.
150. ↑ S, Ganesh T.. "Intel's Maple Ridge (JHL8540) Thunderbolt 4 Controller Now Shipping". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16333/intel-maple-ridge-thunderbolt-4-controller-now-shipping.
151. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel Launches Rocket Lake 11th Gen Core i9, Core i7, and Core i5". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16523/intel-core-11th-gen-rocket-lake-core-i9-core-i7-core-i5.
152. ↑ Cutress, Ian "Intel Alder Lake: Confirmed x86 Hybrid with Golden Cove and Gracemont for 2021". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
153. ↑ Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel 12th Gen Core Alder Lake for Desktops: Top SKUs Only, Coming November 4th". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16959/intel-innovation-alder-lake-november-4th.
154. ↑ 154.0 154.1 154.2 154.3 154.4 154.5 154.6 154.7 154.8 154.9 Cutress, Ian; Frumusanu, Andrei (2021-11-04). "The Intel 12th Gen Core i9-12900K Review: Hybrid Performance Brings Hybrid Complexity" (in en). https://www.anandtech.com/show/17047/the-intel-12th-gen-core-i912900k-review-hybrid-performance-brings-hybrid-complexity/2.
155. ↑ Alcorn, Paul (2021-08-19). "Intel Architecture Day 2021: Alder Lake Chips, Golden Cove and Gracemont Cores" (in en). https://www.tomshardware.com/features/intel-architecture-day-2021-intel-unveils-alder-lake-golden-cove-and-gracemont-cores.
156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 156.3 156.4 Cutress, Ian; Frumusanu, Andrei. "Intel Architecture Day 2021: Alder Lake, Golden Cove, and Gracemont Detailed". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures.
157. ↑ "Intel Architecture Instruction Set Extensions and Future Features". May 2021. https://software.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents-tps/architecture-instruction-set-extensions-programming-reference.pdf.
158. ↑ published, Anton Shilov (December 31, 2021). "Intel Alder Lake's Thread Director Support Coming to Linux". https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-alder-lake-thread-director-support-coming-to-linux.
159. ↑ 159.0 159.1 "Intel HFI To Premiere In Linux 5.18 For Improving Hybrid CPU Performance/Efficiency" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Intel-HFI-For-Linux-5.18.
160. ↑ Hruska, Joel (August 14, 2020). "Intel Makes it Official: Hybrid CPU Cores Arrive With Alder Lake - ExtremeTech". Extremetech. https://www.extremetech.com/computing/313803-intel-makes-it-official-hybrid-cpu-cores-arrive-with-alder-lake.
161. ↑ Wysocki, Rafael J. (2022-03-21). "[GIT PULL Thermal control updates for v5.18-rc1"]. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/CAJZ5v0gzkr8k3u6ZdKnsAOgk569Gf-HF5u2AShXdznEE4+UYGw@mail.gmail.com/.
162. ↑ Subramaniam, Vaidyanathan (May 5, 2020). "Intel 12th gen Alder Lake-S will use a larger LGA 1700 socket that may last for three generations". https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-12th-gen-Alder-Lake-S-will-use-a-larger-LGA-1700-socket-that-may-last-for-three-generations.463763.0.html.
163. ↑ 163.0 163.1 Cutress, Ian. "Intel 12th Gen Core Alder Lake for Desktops: Top SKUs Only, Coming November 4th". https://www.anandtech.com/show/16959/intel-innovation-alder-lake-november-4th.
164. ↑ "Intel Alder Lake Thunderbolt/USB4 Support For Linux 5.14" (in en). https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Alder-Lake-Thunderbolt-Linux.
165. ↑ "Products formerly Alder Lake". https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/147470/products-formerly-alder-lake.html.
166. ↑ Bonshor, Gavin. "The Intel W680 Chipset Overview: Alder Lake Workstations Get ECC Memory and Overclocking Support". https://www.anandtech.com/show/17308/the-intel-w680-chipset-overview-ecc-for-alder-lake-workstations.
167. ↑ "12th Gen Intel Core i9-12900KS Launches as World's Fastest Desktop..." (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/12th-gen-intel-core-i9-12900ks-worlds-fastest-desktop-processor.html.
168. ↑ "Intel Core i5-12490F is China exclusive 6-core Alder Lake desktop CPU with 20MB L3 cache". 28 February 2022. https://videocardz.com/newz/intel-core-i5-12490f-is-china-exclusive-6-core-alder-lake-desktop-cpu-with-20mb-l3-cache. Alt URL
169. ↑ "Intel showcases 13th Gen Core "Raptor Lake" CPU with 24 cores and 32 threads". https://videocardz.com/newz/intel-showcases-13th-gen-core-raptor-lake-cpu-with-24-cores-and-32-threads.
170. ↑ "Raptor Lake - Microarchitectures - Intel - WikiChip" (in en). https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/raptor_lake.
171. ↑ 171.0 171.1 171.2 171.3 "Intel Core i9-13900K Specs" (in en). 2023-05-25. https://www.techpowerup.com/cpu-specs/core-i9-13900k.c2817.
172. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i9-13900KS Processor (36M Cache, up to 6.00 GHz) - Product Specifications" (in en). https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/232167/intel-core-i913900ks-processor-36m-cache-up-to-6-00-ghz/specifications.html.
173. ↑ Bonshor, Gavin. "Intel Core i9-13900K and i5-13600K Review: Raptor Lake Brings More Bite". https://www.anandtech.com/show/17601/intel-core-i9-13900k-and-i5-13600k-review.
174. ↑ 174.0 174.1 Delgado, Camilo (2023-04-28). "Is Intel 13th Gen LGA 1700?" (in en-US). https://www.pcguide.com/cpu/intel-13th-gen-lga-1700/.
175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 "Products formerly Raptor Lake". https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/codename/215599/products-formerly-raptor-lake.html.
176. ↑ Bonshor, Gavin. "Intel Announces 14th Gen Core Series For Desktop: Core i9-14900K, Core i7-14700K and Core i5-14600K". https://www.anandtech.com/show/21096/intel-announces-14th-gen-core-series-for-desktop-core-i9-14900k-core-i7-14700k-and-core-i5-14600k.
177. ↑ 177.0 177.1 Cunningham, Andrew (2023-10-17). "Intel's 14th-gen desktop CPUs are a tiny update even by modern standards" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/10/intels-14th-gen-desktop-cpus-are-a-tiny-update-even-by-modern-standards/.
178. ↑ (in en) Intel's 300W Core i9-14900K: CPU Review, Benchmarks, Gaming, & Power, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MvvCr-thM8, retrieved 2023-11-06
179. ↑ (in en) Intel Core i9-14900K, Core i7-14700K & Core i5-14600K Review, Gaming Benchmarks, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oALfgsyOg4, retrieved 2023-11-06
180. ↑ Bonshor, Gavin. "Intel Meteor Lake SoC is NOT Coming to Desktops: Well, Not Technically". https://www.anandtech.com/show/21076/intel-meteor-lake-soc-is-not-coming-to-desktops-well-not-technically.
181. ↑ Gibbs, Samuel (January 3, 2018). "Major security flaw found in Intel processors". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/03/major-security-flaw-found-intel-processors-computers-windows-mac-os-linux.
182. ↑ "How to protect your PC against the major 'Meltdown' CPU security flaw". January 4, 2018. https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/4/16848976/how-to-protect-windows-pc-meltdown-security-flaw.
183. ↑ Metz, Cade; Perlroth, Nicole (January 5, 2018). "Researchers Discover Two Major Flaws in the World's Computers". https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/business/computer-flaws.html.
184. ↑ "INTEL-SA-00161". https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00161.html.
185. ↑ "Foreshadow: The Sky Is Falling Again for Intel Chips". August 14, 2018. https://hackaday.com/2018/08/14/foreshadow-the-sky-is-falling-again-for-intel-chips/.
186. ↑ Newman, Lily Hay. "Critical Flaw Undermines Intel CPUs' Most Secure Element". Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/foreshadow-intel-secure-enclave-vulnerability/. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
187. ↑ Goodin, Dan (5 March 2020). "5 years of Intel CPUs and chipsets have a concerning flaw that's unfixable - Converged Security and Management Engine flaw may jeopardize Intel's root of trust.". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/03/5-years-of-intel-cpus-and-chipsets-have-a-concerning-flaw-thats-unfixable/.
188. ↑ Dent, Steve (6 March 2020). "Researchers discover that Intel chips have an unfixable security flaw - The chips are vulnerable during boot-up, so they can't be patched with a firmware update.". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2020/03/06/intel-chips-unpatchable-security-flaw/.
189. ↑ "Intel Converged Security and Management Engine, Intel Server Platform Services, Intel Trusted Execution Engine, and Intel Active Management Technology Advisory (Intel-SA-00213)". Intel. 11 February 2020. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000033416/technologies.html.

## External links

*   * CPU Database. TechPowerUp.
* Intel Core Duo (Yonah) Performance Preview – Part II vs AMD 64 X2 and Intel Pentium M. Anandtech.
* Intel Core i7-3960X CPU Performance Comparison.
* Intel Centrino Duo Mobile Technology papers. Intel.
* Intel Product Information, providing a list of various processor generations

Preceded by
Pentium |  Intel Core
2006–present

|

* v
* t
* e

Intel processors

Discontinued

BCD oriented (4-bit)|

* 4004 (1971)
* 4040 (1974)

pre-x86 (8-bit)|

* 8008 (1972)
* 8080 (1974)
* 8085 (1977)

Early x86 (16-bit)|

* 8086 (1978)
* 8088 (1979)
* 80186 (1982)
* 80188 (1982)
* 80286 (1982)

x87 (external FPUs)|

8/16-bit databus
8087 (1980)
16-bit databus
80187
80287
80387SX
32-bit databus
80387DX
80487

IA-32 (32-bit)|

* 80386
* SX
* 376
* EX
* 80486
* SX
* DX2
* DX4
* SL
* RapidCAD
* OverDrive
* A100/A110
* Celeron (1998)
* M
* D (2004)
* Pentium
* Original P5
* OverDrive
* Pro
* II
* II OverDrive
* III
* 4
* M
* Dual-Core
* some Core
* Solo
* Duo
* Tolapai

x86-64 (64-bit)|

* Celeron
* D
* Dual-Core
* Pentium
* 4
* D
* Extreme Edition
* Dual-Core
* some Core
* 2
* some i7

Other|

CISC
iAPX 432
Itanium
RISC
i860
i960
StrongARM
XScale

Current

IA-32 (32-bit)|

* Atom
* CE
* SoC
* Quark

x86-64 (64-bit)|

* Atom
* CE
* SoC
* Celeron
* Pentium
* Core
* i3
* i5
* i7
* i9
* M
* Xeon
* E3
* E5
* E7
* D
* Phi

Lists

* Celeron
* Pentium
* Pro
* II
* III
* 4
* D
* M
* Core
* Core
* 2
* i3
* i5
* i7
* i9
* M
* Atom
* Xeon
* Itanium

Related

* Tick–tock model
* Chipsets
* GPUs
* GMA
* HD and Iris Graphics
* PCHs
* SCHs
* ICHs
* PIIXs
* Stratix
* Codenames

Microarchitectures

x86|

| P5|

800 nm

600 nm
P54C
350 nm
P54CS
P55C
250 nm
Tillamook

|

P6, Pentium M,
Enhanced Pentium M|

500 nm

350 nm

Klamath
250 nm
Mendocino
Dixon
Tonga
Covington
Deschutes
Katmai
Drake
Tanner
180 nm
Coppermine
Coppermine T
Timna
Cascades
130 nm
Tualatin
Banias
90 nm
Dothan
Stealey
Tolapai
Canmore
65 nm
Yonah
Sossaman

NetBurst|

180 nm
Willamette
Foster
130 nm
Northwood
Gallatin
Prestonia
90 nm
Tejas and Jayhawk
Prescott
Smithfield
Nocona
Irwindale
Cranford
Potomac
Paxville
65 nm
Cedar Mill
Presler
Dempsey
Tulsa

Core|

65 nm
Merom-L
Merom
Conroe-L
Allendale
Conroe
Kentsfield
Woodcrest
Clovertown
Tigerton

45 nm
Penryn
Penryn-QC
Wolfdale
Yorkfield
Wolfdale-DP
Harpertown
Dunnington

Nehalem|

45 nm
Auburndale
Beckton (Nehalem-EX)
Bloomfield
Clarksfield
Gainestown (Nehalem-EP)
Havendale
Jasper Forest
Lynnfield

32 nm
Arrandale
Clarkdale
Gulftown (Westmere-EP)
Westmere-EX

Sandy Bridge|

32 nm
Sandy Bridge
Sandy Bridge-E
Gladden

22 nm
Ivy Bridge
Ivy Bridge-EP
Ivy Bridge-EX

Haswell|

22 nm
Haswell

14 nm
Broadwell

Skylake|

14 nm
Skylake
Kaby Lake (Amber Lake • Whiskey Lake)
Coffee Lake
Cascade Lake
Comet Lake

Palm Cove|

10 nm
Cannon Lake

Sunny Cove|

14 nm
Cooper Lake

10 nm
Ice Lake

Willow Cove|

14 nm
Rocket Lake

10 nm
Tiger Lake
Sapphire Rapids

Golden Cove|

7 nm
Alder Lake
Granite Rapids

Atom|

| Bonnell
Saltwell|

45 nm
Silverthorne
Diamondville
Pineview
Lincroft
Tunnel Creek
Stellarton
Sodaville
Groveland

32 nm
Cedarview
Penwell
Cloverview
Berryville
Centerton

|

Silvermont
Airmont|

22 nm
Valleyview
Tangier
Anniedale

14 nm
Cherryview

Goldmont|

14 nm
Goldmont
Goldmont Plus

Tremont|

10 nm
Tremont
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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel Core. Read more

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*[ECC]: Error correction code memory
*[Max]: Maximum
*[1.5 GHz]: based on the embedded model data (intel does not disclose this spec publicly)
*[0.9 GHz]: 900 MHz
*[2.2 GHz]: based on the embedded model data (intel does not disclose this spec publicly)
*[0.8 GHz]: 800 MHz
*[P]: Performance-
*[E]: Efficient-
*[P-cores]: Performance-cores
*[E-cores]: Efficient-cores
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template