KOI character encodings

Short description: Family of several code pages for the Cyrillic script

KOI (Russian: КОИ, from код обмена информацией, kod obmena informatsiey, 'code for information exchange') is a family of several code pages for the Cyrillic script.

A particular feature of the KOI code pages is that the text remains human-readable when the leftmost bit is stripped, should it inadvertently pass through equipment or software that can only deal with 7 bit wide characters. This is due to characters being placed in a special order (128 codepoints apart from the Latin letter they sound most similar to), which, however, does not correspond to the alphabetic order in any language that is written in Cyrillic and necessitates the use of lookup tables to perform sorting.

These encodings are derived from ASCII on the base of some correspondence between Latin and Cyrillic (nearly phonetical), which was already used in Russian dialect of Morse code and in MTK-2 telegraph code. The first 26 characters from А (0xE1) in KOI8-R are А, Б, Ц, Д, Е, Ф, Г, Х, И, Й, К, Л, М, Н, О, П, Я, Р, С, Т, У, Ж, В, Ь, Ы, З.

## Contents

* 1 KOI-7
* 2 KOI-8
* 3 DKOI
* 4 Latin variants
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading
* 7 External links

## KOI-7

Main article: KOI-7

The original KOI encoding (1967) was a 7-bit code page named KOI-7 (КОИ-7), which did not contain lowercase letters. In KOI-7, the codes of the 31 or 32 Russian letters are ordered according to the Latin letters. Other code points are the same as in ASCII (however, the dollar sign $ (code point 24hex) may be replaced by the universal currency sign ¤).

## KOI-8

Main article: KOI-8

KOI-8 (КОИ-8), standardized in 1974 as GOST 19768, is an 8-bit extension of ASCII.[1][2] Originally it only included 32 lowercase and 31 uppercase Russian letters.

Later derivatives of KOI-8 constitute the family of encodings variously known as KOI8, KOI 8 and KOI-8.

The family members are:

* KOI8-B (with Ёё and Ъ)[1]
* KOI8-R / KOI8-RUSSIA for Russian and Bulgarian (RFC 1489).[3] (Code page 878)
* KOI8-U / KOI8-UKRAINE for Ukrainian (RFC 2319).[3] (Code page 1168)
* KOI8-RU for Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian.[4][5][6][7][8] (Code page 1167)
* KOI8-T for Tajik.[9] (FreeDOS Code page 62318)
* KOI8-C, also KOI8-CA, a proposal for Caucasus and Central Asia; hardly ever been used.[10] (FreeDOS Code page 61294)
* ISO-IR-111 / KOI8-E[11] (ECMA-113 (1st ed., 1986),[12] multilingual for Slavic languages).
* KOI8-F, KOI-8 Unified. Includes the letter allocations from both KOI8-U and KOI8-E, with a subset of the pseudographics from KOI8-R.[13][14] (FreeDOS Code page 60270)
* KOI8-K1 "Cyrillic-1" (defined in CSN 36 9103, ST SEV 358–88)
* KOI8-O (formerly KOI8-C) for Old Russian orthography.[15] (FreeDOS Code page 63342)

Additionally, GOST R 34.303-92 defines "KOI-8 V1" which is ISO-IR-153, and "KOI-8 N1" and "KOI-8 N2" which are variants of Code page 866.[16] These do not follow the KOI-8 layout.

## DKOI

Main article: DKOI

DKOI is an EBCDIC-based encoding used in ES EVM mainframes. It has been defined by several standards: GOST 19768-74 / ST SEV 358–76, ST SEV 358-88 / GOST 19768–93, CSN 36 9103.[17]

There are two variants:

* DKOI K1 (ДКОИ К1), each Cyrillic letter is given its own code point.
* DKOI K2 (ДКОИ К2), some Cyrillic letters (А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, Х, а, е, о, р, с, у, х) are merged with visually identical Latin letters.

## Latin variants

Some encodings are called KOI, but define Latin alphabets:

* KOI8-CS[18] / KOI8-CS2[17] for Czech and Slovak (ČSN (Czech technical standard) 369103, devised by the Comecon. This encoded Latin with diacritics, as used in Czech and Slovak, rather than Cyrillic, but the basic idea was the same - text should remain legible with the 8-th bit cleared, thus e.g. Č became C etc.).
* KOI8-L2 "Latin-2" (defined in CSN 36 9103), ISO IR 139[19] (almost identical to ISO 8859-2 (1987), but has the dollar sign and currency sign swapped)
* DKOI CS2 (defined in CSN 36 9103)[17]
* DKOI L2 (defined in CSN 36 9103)[17]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Cyrillic Charset Soup". 1998-11-30. http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html.
2. ↑ "Locale::RecodeData::KOI_8 - Conversion routines for KOI-8". CPAN libintl-perl. 2016. http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI_8.pm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Kermit and MIME Character-Set Names". The Kermit Project. Columbia University, New York, USA. 2010-04-02. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/csetnames.html.
4. ↑ Demchenko, Yuri V. (1997-11-13). ﻿Registration of a Ukrainian Cyrillic Character Set KOI8-RU (as extension to Russian KOI8-R and ISO-IR-111)﻿ (Report). Internet Engineering Task Force. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-demchenko-koi8-ru/00/.
5. ↑ "Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_RU - Conversion routines for KOI8-RU". CPAN libintl-perl. 2016. http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI8_RU.pm.
6. ↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01167 / Name: Belarusian/Ukrainian KOI8-RU". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers.. IBM. https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01167.html. [1] [2]
7. ↑ "CCSID information document; CCSID 1167; KOI8-RU". IBM. https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1167.html.
8. ↑ "KOI8-RU Belorusian/Ukrainian Cyrillic to Unicode 2.1 mapping table". Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. 2008. https://www.math.nmsu.edu/~mleisher/Software/csets/KOI8RU.TXT.
9. ↑ "Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_T - Conversion routines for KOI8-T". CPAN libintl-perl. 2016. http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI8_T.pm.
10. ↑ Discussion
11. ↑ "IANA Character Sets". https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml.
12. ↑ ECMA-113. 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet (1st ed., June 1986)
13. ↑ "Cyrillic encodings (Charsets). Small description". http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/.
14. ↑ "KOI8 Unified Cyrillic to Unicode 2.1 mapping table". Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. 2008. https://www.math.nmsu.edu/~mleisher/Software/csets/KOI8UNI.TXT.
15. ↑ Winitzki, Serge (2002-01-29). ﻿KOI8-C﻿ (Report). Internet Engineering Task Force. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-winitzki-koi8c-encoding/00/.
16. ↑ (in Russian) ГОСТ Р 34.303-92. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. 8-битный код обмена и обработки информации. = 8-bit coded character sets. 8-bit code for information interchange.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1996-06-19. http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/localization/charsets/cs-encodings-faq.
18. ↑ "Stanislav Pecha - ASCII". http://mlha.cz/unicode/.
19. ↑ "ISO-IR-139". https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/139.pdf.

## Further reading

* "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1993-03-13. http://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/charsets/cyrillic-summary.txt.
* "Kodierungen und Zeichensätze" (in German). Robotron Technik (Virtual computer museum). 2016-11-29. ASCII-Code / KOI-Code. http://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/standards/codes.htm#koi.

## External links

* "The Home of the KOI8-R since 1995". 1995. http://koi8.pp.ru/main.html.
* "Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables". http://www.iis.ru/cyrillic/resource/tables.en.html.
* "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". 2013. http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/.

* v
* t
* e

Cyrillic encodings

Multilingual|

* ISO/IEC 8859-5
* 915
* 1124
* 28595
* ISO-IR-153
* DOS
* 771
* 772/1119
* 855
* €:872
* 866/900
* €:808
* 885
* Windows
* 1169
* 1251
* Macintosh
* Cyrillic
* 1283
* 10007
* Ukrainian
* 10017
* EBCDIC
* 410
* 880/20880
* 1025/21025
* €:1154
* €:1166
* 1123
* €:1158
* DKOI
* DKOI K1
* DKOI K2
* ISO-IR-111/KOI8-E
* KOI8-F
* Multibyte
* GB 2312
* JIS
* Shift JIS
* Unicode
* ISO/IEC 10646

National|

| Russian|

* Morse
* GOST 10859
* Academy of Science
* Main
* Alternative
* KOI-7
* KOI-7 N0
* KOI-7 N1
* KOI-7 N2
* KOI-8
* KOI8-R
* 878/20866

|

East Slavic|

* 1123
* €:1158
* 1125
* €:848
* 1131
* €:849
* KOI8-U
* 1168/21866
* KOI8-RU
* 1167
* Macintosh Ukrainian
* 10017

South Slavic|

* MIK
* YUSCII
* SLOSCII
* CROSCII
* SRPSCII
* MAKSCII

Other|

* Cornell
* KOI8-B
* KOI8-C (Caucasus and Central Asia)
* KOI8-K1
* KOI8-O (Old)
* KOI8-T (Tajik)
* U-Code

* v
* t
* e

Character encodings

Early telecommunications|

* ASCII
* ISO/IEC 646
* ISO/IEC 6937 / ITU T.51
* ITU T.61
* BCDIC
* Baudot code
* Morse code
* Telegraph code
* Wabun code
* Special telegraphy codes
* Non-Latin
* Chinese
* Cyrillic
* Needle telegraph codes

ISO/IEC 8859|

* Approved
* -1
* -2
* -3
* -4
* -5
* -6
* -7
* -8
* -9
* -10
* -11
* -13
* -14
* -15
* -16
* Abandoned
* -12
* Adaptations
* ISO-IR-182
* ISO-IR-200
* ISO-IR-201
* Proposed but not approved
* ISO-IR-111
* ISO-IR-197
* French/Dutch/Turkish draft

Bibliographic use|

* ANSEL
* ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822
* MARC-8

National standards|

* ArmSCII
* BraSCII
* CNS 11643
* ELOT 927
* GOST 10859
* GB 18030
* HKSCS
* I.S. 434
* ISCII
* JIS X 0201
* JIS X 0208
* JIS X 0212
* JIS X 0213
* KOI-7
* KPS 9566
* KS X 1001
* PASCII
* SI 960
* TIS-620
* TSCII
* VISCII
* VSCII
* YUSCII

ISO/IEC 2022|

* 7-bit
* CN
* CN-EXT
* JP
* JP-EXT
* JP-1
* JP-2
* JP-3
* KR
* ISO/IEC 4873
* ISO/IEC 8859
* ISO/IEC 10367
* Extended Unix Code / EUC
* CN
* KR
* JP
* TW
* CCCII

MacOS code pages
("scripts")|

* Armenian
* Arabic
* Barents Cyrillic
* Celtic
* CentEuro
* ChineseSimp / EUC-CN
* ChineseTrad / Big5
* Croatian
* Cyrillic
* Devanagari
* Dingbats
* Farsi (Persian)
* Gaelic
* Georgian
* Greek
* Gujarati
* Gurmukhi
* Hebrew
* Iceland
* Inuit
* Japanese / ShiftJIS
* Keyboard
* Korean / EUC-KR
* Latin (Kermit)
* Maltese/Esperanto
* Ogham / I.S. 434
* Roman
* Romanian
* Sámi
* Symbol
* Thai / TIS-620
* Turkish
* Turkic Cyrillic
* Ukrainian
* VT100

DOS code pages|

* 100
* 111
* 112
* 113
* 151
* 152
* 161
* 162
* 163
* 164
* 165
* 166
* 210
* 220
* 301
* 437
* 449
* 489
* 620
* 667
* 668
* 707
* 708
* 709
* 710
* 711
* 714
* 715
* 720
* 721
* 737
* 768
* 770
* 771
* 772
* 773
* 774
* 775
* 776
* 777
* 778
* 790
* 850
* 851
* 852
* 853
* 854
* 855/872
* 856
* 857
* 858
* 859
* 860
* 861
* 862
* 863
* 864/17248
* 865
* 866/808
* 867
* 868
* 869
* 874/1161/1162
* 876
* 877
* 878
* 881
* 882
* 883
* 884
* 885
* 891
* 895
* 896
* 897
* 898
* 899
* 900
* 903
* 904
* 906
* 907
* 909
* 910
* 911
* 926
* 927
* 928
* 929
* 932
* 934
* 936
* 938
* 941
* 942
* 943
* 944
* 946
* 947
* 948
* 949
* 950/1370
* 951
* 966
* 991
* 1034
* 1039
* 1040
* 1041
* 1042
* 1043
* 1044
* 1046
* 1086
* 1088
* 1092
* 1093
* 1098
* 1108
* 1109
* 1114
* 1115
* 1116
* 1117
* 1118
* 1119
* 1125/848
* 1126
* 1127
* 1131/849
* 1139
* 1167
* 1168
* 1300
* 1351
* 1361
* 1362
* 1363
* 1372
* 1373
* 1374
* 1375
* 1380
* 1381
* 1385
* 1386
* 1391
* 1392
* 1393
* 1394
* 57781
* 58152
* 58210
* 58335
* 59234
* 59829
* 60258
* 60853
* 61282
* 62306
* CS Indic
* CSX Indic
* CSX+ Indic
* CWI-2
* Iran System
* Kamenický
* KOI8
* Mazovia
* MIK

IBM AIX code pages|

* 367
* 371
* 806
* 813
* 819
* 895
* 896
* 912
* 913
* 914
* 915
* 916
* 919
* 920
* 921/901
* 922/902
* 923
* 952
* 953
* 954
* 955
* 956
* 957
* 958
* 959
* 960
* 961
* 963
* 964
* 965
* 970
* 971
* 1004
* 1006
* 1008
* 1009
* 1010
* 1011
* 1012
* 1013
* 1014
* 1015
* 1016
* 1017
* 1018
* 1019
* 1029
* 1036
* 1089
* 1111
* 1124
* 1129/1163
* 1133
* 1350
* 1382
* 1383

IBM Apple MacIntosh
emulations|

* 1275
* 1280
* 1281
* 1282
* 1283
* 1284
* 1285
* 1286

IBM Adobe emulations|

* 1038
* 1276
* 1277

IBM DEC emulations|

* 1020
* 1021
* 1023
* 1090
* 1100
* 1101
* 1102
* 1103
* 1104
* 1105
* 1106
* 1107
* 1287
* 1288

IBM HP emulations|

* 1050
* 1051
* 1052
* 1053
* 1054
* 1055
* 1056
* 1057
* 1058

Windows code pages|

* CER-GS
* 874/1162 (TIS-620)
* 932/943 (Shift JIS)
* 936/1386 (GBK)
* 950/1370 (Big5)
* 949/1363 (EUC-KR)
* 1169
* 1174
* Extended Latin-8
* 1200 (UTF-16LE)
* 1201 (UTF-16BE)
* 1250
* 1251
* 1252
* 1253
* 1254
* 1255
* 1256
* 1257
* 1258
* 1261
* 1270
* 54936 (GB18030)
* 65001 (UTF-8)

EBCDIC EBCDIC code pages|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22
* 23
* 24
* 25
* 26
* 27
* 28
* 29
* 30
* 31
* 32
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 36
* 37/1140
* 37-2
* 38
* 39
* 40
* 251
* 252
* 254
* 256
* 257
* 258
* 259
* 260
* 264
* 273/1141
* 274
* 275
* 276
* 277/1142
* 278/1143
* 279
* 280/1144
* 281
* 282
* 283
* 284/1145
* 285/1146
* 286
* 287
* 288
* 289
* 290
* 293
* 297/1147
* 298
* 300
* 310
* 320
* 321
* 322
* 330
* 351
* 352
* 353
* 355
* 357
* 358
* 359
* 360
* 361
* 363
* 382
* 383
* 384
* 385
* 386
* 387
* 388
* 389
* 390
* 391
* 392
* 393
* 394
* 395
* 410
* 420/16804
* 421
* 423
* 424/8616/12712
* 425
* 435
* 500/1148
* 803
* 829
* 833
* 834
* 835
* 836
* 837
* 838/1160
* 839
* 870/1110/1153
* 871/1149
* 875/4971/9067
* 880
* 881
* 882
* 883
* 884
* 885
* 886
* 887
* 888
* 889
* 890
* 892
* 893
* 905
* 918
* 924
* 930/1390
* 931
* 933/1364
* 935/1388
* 937/1371
* 939/1399
* 1001
* 1002
* 1003
* 1005
* 1007
* 1024
* 1025/1154
* 1026/1155
* 1027
* 1028
* 1030
* 1031
* 1032
* 1033
* 1037
* 1047
* 1068
* 1069
* 1070
* 1071
* 1073
* 1074
* 1075
* 1076
* 1077
* 1078
* 1079
* 1080
* 1081
* 1082
* 1083
* 1084
* 1085
* 1087
* 1091
* 1097
* 1112/1156
* 1113
* 1122/1157
* 1123/1158
* 1130/1164
* 1132
* 1136
* 1137
* 1150
* 1151
* 1152
* 1159
* 1165
* 1166
* 1278
* 1279
* 1303
* 1364
* 1376
* 1377
* JEF
* KEIS

DEC terminals (VTx)|

* Multinational (MCS)
* National Replacement (NRCS)
* French Canadian
* Swiss
* Spanish
* United Kingdom
* Dutch
* Finnish
* French
* Norwegian and Danish
* Swedish
* Norwegian and Danish (alternative)
* 8-bit Greek
* 8-bit Turkish
* 7-bit Hebrew
* 8-bit Hebrew
* Special Graphics
* Technical (TCS)

Platform specific|

* Acorn
* Adobe Standard
* Adobe Latin 1
* Amstrad CPC
* Apple I
* Apple II
* Apple III
* ATASCII
* Atari ST
* BICS
* Casio calculators
* CDC
* Compucolor II
* DEC Radix-50
* DEC MCS/NRCS
* DG International
* ELWRO-Junior
* FIELDATA
* GEM
* GEOS
* GSM 03.38
* HP Roman Extension
* HP Roman-8
* HP Roman-9
* HP FOCAL
* HP RPL
* LICS
* LMBCS
* Mattel Aquarius
* Minitel
* MSX
* NEC APC
* NeXT
* OricSCII
* PCW
* PETSCII
* Sega SC-3000
* Sharp calculators
* Sharp MZ
* Sinclair QL
* Teletext
* TI calculators
* TRS-80
* Ventura International
* Ventura Symbol
* Videotex
* WISCII
* XCCS
* ZX80
* ZX81
* ZX Spectrum

Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646|

* UTF-1
* UTF-7
* UTF-8
* UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2
* UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4
* UTF-EBCDIC
* GB 18030
* BOCU-1
* CESU-8
* SCSU

TeX typesetting system|

* Cork
* LGR
* LY1
* OML
* OMS
* OMX
* OT1
* OT2
* OT3
* OT4
* T2A
* T2B
* T2C
* T2D
* T3
* T4
* T5
* TS1
* TS3
* U
* X2

Miscellaneous code pages|

* ABICOMP
* APL
* 293
* 310 (Graphic Escape)
* 351 (GDDM)
* 907 (OEM)
* ISO-IR-68
* ARIB STD-B24
* HZ
* IEC-P27-1
* INIS
* 7-bit
* 8-bit
* Cyrillic
* ISO-IR-169
* ISO 2033
* Johab
* SEASCII
* Stanford/ITS
* TACE16
* TRON
* UTF-5
* UTF-6
* WTF-8

Related topics|

* Code page
* Control character (C0 C1)
* CCSID
* Character encodings in HTML
* Charset detection
* Han unification
* Hardware
* ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64
* Mojibake

Character sets

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