Eczema herpeticum

Other names: Kaposi varicelliform eruption, pustulosis varioliformis acute, Kaposi-Juliusberg dermatitis
Specialty| Dermatology
Complications| Secondary bacterial infection, blindness[1][2]
Duration| Up to six weeks
Causes| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2[1]
Risk factors| Atopic dermatitis (eczema), other forms of dermatitis, burns, ichthyoses[2]
Diagnostic method| Based on symptoms, confirmed by testing[1]
Differential diagnosis| Impetigo, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, disseminated herpes zoster, disseminated molluscum contagiosum, dermatitis herpetiformis, eczema vaccinatum[2]
Treatment| Acyclovir, valacyclovir, supportive care[2]
Frequency| Rare[3]

Eczema herpeticum is a widespread viral infection associated with small skin blisters.[1][2] The blisters generally begin in groups at the site of other skin problems and are painful.[2] They then break open to form small ulcers before developing a blood-stained crust.[2] Associated symptoms often include fever and swollen lymph nodes.[2] Healing generally occurs within six weeks.[2] Complications may include secondary bacterial infection and blindness.[1][2]

It is most commonly caused by a first episode of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2.[1] Those affected generally have atopic dermatitis (eczema); though it may also occur in other skin conditions such as other forms of dermatitis, burns, and ichthyoses.[2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and may be confirmed by viral culture or PCR.[1] Coxsackievirus A16 or vaccinia virus (eczema vaccinatum) may produce a similar condition.[1]

Treatment should occur promptly with either acyclovir or valacyclovir.[2] Supportive care, including intravenous fluids, nutritional support, and pain medication may also be required.[2] Death is rare with appropriate treatment.[1][2] Some; however, are left with permanent loss of function.[2]

Eczema herpeticum affects about 3% of people with atopic dermatitis.[3] Children are more commonly affected than adults.[2] It was first described in 1887 by Moritz Kaposi.[1][3] Some use the term "eczema herpeticum" when it occurs in atopic dermatitis and "Kaposi varicelliform eruption" when it occurs in other skin conditions.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Treatment
* 3 History
* 4 Epidemiology
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

In addition to the skin, this infection affects multiple organs, including the eyes, brain, lung, and liver, and can be fatal.

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## Treatment[edit | edit source]

It can be treated with systemic antiviral drugs, such as aciclovir or valganciclovir.[4] Foscarnet may also be used for immunocompromised host with Herpes simplex and acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex.

## History[edit | edit source]

Eczema herpeticum was first described by Hungarian dermatologist Moriz Kaposi in 1887.[5] Fritz Juliusberg coined the term Pustulosis varioliformis acute in 1898.

## Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Even though the disease may develop at any age it is mostly present in childhood.[6] Those who are affected typically had pre-existing cutaneous condition like atopic dermatitis.[6]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* List of cutaneous conditions

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Eczema herpeticum | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Xiao, A; Tsuchiya, A (January 2022). "Eczema Herpeticum". PMID 32809616. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Damour, Alexia; Garcia, Magali; Seneschal, Julien; Lévêque, Nicolas; Bodet, Charles (August 2020). "Eczema Herpeticum: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 59 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1007/s12016-019-08768-3. ISSN 1559-0267. PMID 31836943.
4. ↑ Xiao, Anny; Tsuchiya, Arline (2022). "Eczema Herpeticum". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-11-06. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
5. ↑ Reitamo, Sakari; Luger, Thomas A; Steinhoff, Martin (2008). Textbook of atopic dermatitis. Informa Healthcare. p. 70\. ISBN 978-1841842462.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Liaw, Fang-Yih; Huang, Ching-Fu; Hsueh, Ju-Ting; Chiang, Chien-Ping (December 2012). "Eczema herpeticum". Canadian Family Physician. 58 (12): 1358–1361. ISSN 0008-350X. PMC 3520662. PMID 23242894. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-04-28.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: B00.0
* ICD-9-CM: 054.0
* MeSH: D007617
* DiseasesDB: 31391
* SNOMED CT: 186535001

|

External resources|

* eMedicine: article/1132622

* Eczema Herpeticum photo library at Dermnet Archived 2009-06-09 at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Skin infections, symptoms and signs related to viruses

| DNA virus|

| Herpesviridae|

| Alpha.|

| HSV|

* Herpes simplex
* Herpetic whitlow
* Herpes gladiatorum
* Herpes simplex keratitis
* Herpetic sycosis
* Neonatal herpes simplex
* Herpes genitalis
* Herpes labialis
* Eczema herpeticum
* Herpetiform esophagitis

|

B virus|

* B virus infection

VZV|

* Chickenpox
* Herpes zoster
* Herpes zoster oticus
* Ophthalmic zoster
* Disseminated herpes zoster
* Zoster-associated pain
* Modified varicella-like syndrome

Beta.|

* Human herpesvirus 6/Roseolovirus
* Exanthema subitum
* Roseola vaccinia
* Cytomegalic inclusion disease

Gamma.|

* KSHV
* Kaposi's sarcoma

Poxviridae|

| Ortho.|

* Variola
* Smallpox
* Alastrim
* MoxV
* Monkeypox
* CPXV
* Cowpox
* VV
* Vaccinia
* Generalized vaccinia
* Eczema vaccinatum
* Progressive vaccinia
* Buffalopox

|

Para.|

* Farmyard pox: Milker's nodule
* Bovine papular stomatitis
* Pseudocowpox
* Orf
* Sealpox

Other|

* Yatapoxvirus: Tanapox
* Yaba monkey tumor virus
* MCV
* Molluscum contagiosum

Papillomaviridae|

| HPV|

* Wart/plantar wart
* Heck's disease
* Genital wart
* giant
* Laryngeal papillomatosis
* Butcher's wart
* Bowenoid papulosis
* Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
* Verruca plana
* Pigmented wart
* Verrucae palmares et plantares

|

* BPV
* Equine sarcoid

Parvoviridae|

* Parvovirus B19
* Erythema infectiosum
* Reticulocytopenia
* Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome

Polyomaviridae|

* Merkel cell polyomavirus
* Merkel cell carcinoma

RNA virus|

| Paramyxoviridae|

* MeV
* Measles

|

Togaviridae|

* Rubella virus
* Rubella
* Congenital rubella syndrome ("German measles")
* Alphavirus infection
* Chikungunya fever

Picornaviridae|

* CAV
* Hand, foot, and mouth disease
* Herpangina
* FMDV
* Foot-and-mouth disease
* Boston exanthem disease

Ungrouped|

* Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood
* Post-vaccination follicular eruption
* Lipschütz ulcer
* Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis
* Viral-associated trichodysplasia
* Gianotti–Crosti syndrome

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