Venera 6

Venera 6 on a Soviet stamp

Mission type| Venus atmospheric probe
Operator| Lavochkin
COSPAR ID| 1969-002A[1]
SATCAT no.| 3648
Mission duration| Travel: 127 days
Atmosphere: 51 minutes
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft| 2V (V-69) No.331
Manufacturer| Lavochkin
Launch mass| 1,130 kg (2,490 lb)[2]
Dry mass| 410 kg (900 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date| January 10, 1969, 05:51:52 (1969-01-10UTC05:51:52Z) UTC[2]
Rocket| Molniya 8K78M
Launch site| Baikonur 1/5
End of mission
Last contact| May 17, 1969 (1969-05-18)
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Heliocentric
Perihelion altitude| 0.71 AU
Aphelion altitude| 0.98 AU
Inclination| 2.0°
Period| 285 days
Venus atmospheric probe
Atmospheric entry| May 17, 1969, 06:05 UT
Impact site|  [ ⚑ ] 5°S 23°E﻿ / ﻿5°S 23°E﻿ / -5; 23
(10–12 km altitude)

Venera

<- Venera 5

Venera 7 ->

Venera 6 (Russian: Венера-6 meaning Venus 6), or 2V (V-69) No.331, was a Soviet spacecraft, launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. It had an on-orbit dry mass of 1,130 kg (2,490 lb).

The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was of a stronger design. When the atmosphere of Venus was approached, a capsule with a mass of 405 kilograms (893 lb) was jettisoned from the main spacecraft. This capsule contained scientific instruments.

During descent towards the surface of Venus, a parachute opened to slow the rate of descent. For 51 minutes on May 17, 1969, while the capsule was suspended from the parachute, data from the Venusian atmosphere were returned. It landed at  [ ⚑ ] 5°S 23°E﻿ / ﻿5°S 23°E﻿ / -5; 23.

The spacecraft also carried a medallion bearing the State Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union and a bas-relief of Lenin to the night side of Venus.

Given the results from Venera 4, the Venera 5 and Venera 6 landers contained new chemical analysis experiments tuned to provide more precise measurements of the atmosphere's components. Knowing the atmosphere was extremely dense, the parachutes were also made smaller so the capsule would reach its full crush depth before running out of power (as Venera-4 had done).

## Contents

* 1 Instruments
* 1.1 Spaceship
* 1.2 Lander
* 2 Mission
* 3 See also
* 4 External links
* 5 References

## Instruments

### Spaceship

* Instrument COP-18-3M for the study of cosmic particle streams;
* LA-2U device for determining the distribution of oxygen and hydrogen in the planet's atmosphere.

### Lander

* Pressure sensors MDDA-A type to measure atmospheric pressure in the range from 100 to 30,000 mm Hg Art. (0,13–40 atm);
* G-8 gas analyzers to determine the chemical composition of the atmosphere;
* VIP device for determining the density of the atmosphere at an altitude;
* FD-69 for illumination measurements in the atmosphere;
* EC-164D to determine the temperature at the height of the atmosphere.

## Mission

Venera 6 was launched into an Earth parking orbit on January 10, 1969, at 05:51:52 UT and then from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-002C) towards Venus. After a mid-course maneuver on March 16 the Venera 6 probe was released on May 17, 1969, 25,000 kilometers (16,000 mi) from the planet.

It entered the nightside atmosphere at 06:05 UT and deployed the parachute. The probe sent back readouts every 45 seconds for 51 minutes and ceased operation due to the temperature and pressure effects at roughly 10 to 12 kilometres (6.2 to 7.5 mi) altitude. The photometer failed to operate, but the atmosphere was sampled at 2 bar and 10 bar pressures.[1]

## See also

* List of missions to Venus

## External links

* Venera 6 at Lavochkin website

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Venera 6". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-002A.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Siddiqi, Asif (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (second ed.). NASA History Program Office. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf.

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Venera programme

Flybys|

* Venera 1
* Venera 2

Orbiters|

* Venera 15
* Venera 16

Descent probes|

* Venera 3
* Venera 4
* Venera 5
* Venera 6
* Venera 7

Landers|

* Venera 8
* Venera 9
* Venera 10
* Venera 11
* Venera 12
* Venera 13
* Venera 14

Failed launches|

* Tyazhely Sputnik
* Venera 2MV-1 No.1
* Venera 2MV-1 No.2
* Venera 2MV-2 No.1
* Kosmos 21
* Venera 3MV-1 No.2
* Kosmos 27
* Kosmos 96
* Kosmos 167
* Kosmos 359
* Kosmos 482
* Venera 1964A

Future missions|

* Venera-D

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Orbital launches in 1969

Venera 5 | Venera 6 | Kosmos 263 | Soyuz 4 | Soyuz 5 | 7K-L1 No.13L | OSO-5 | OPS 7585 | Kosmos 264 | US-A No.5 | Isis 1 | Meteor-1 No.11 | OPS 3890 * OPS 2644 | Intelsat III F-3 | Kosmos 265 | OPS 0757 | Luna E-8 No.201 | 7K-L1S No.3 | Mariner 6 | Kosmos 266 | ESSA-9 | Kosmos 267 | Apollo 9 | OPS 4248 | Kosmos 268 | Kosmos 269 | Kosmos 270 | Kosmos 271 | Kosmos 272 | OV1-17 * OV1-18 * OV1-19 * Orbiscal 2 | OPS 3722 * OPS 2285 | Kosmos 273 | Kosmos 274 | Meteor-1 No.12 | 2M No.521 | Mariner 7 | Kosmos 275 | 2M No.522 | Kosmos 276 | Kosmos 277 | Kosmos 278 | Molniya-1 No.16 | OPS 3148 | Nimbus 3 * SECOR 13 | Kosmos 279 | OPS 5310 | Kosmos 280 | OPS 1101 * OPS 1721 | Kosmos 281 | Apollo 10 | Kosmos 282 | Intelsat III F-4 | OPS 6909 * OPS 6911 * ERS-29 * ERS-26 * OV5-9 | Kosmos 283 | Kosmos 284 | Kosmos 285 | OPS 1077 | OGO-6 | Luna E-8-5 No.402 | Kosmos 286 | Explorer 41 | Kosmos 287 | Kosmos 288 | Biosatellite 3 | STV-2 | 7K-L1S No.5 | Kosmos 289 | Luna 15 | Apollo 11 | Kosmos 290 | Molniya-1 No.18 | OPS 1127 | DS-P1-Yu No.23 | OPS 3654 | Intelsat III F-5 | OPS 8285 | Kosmos 291 | Zond 7 | OSO-6 * PAC-1 | ATS-5 | Kosmos 292 | Kosmos 293 | Kosmos 294 | Kosmos 295 | OPS 7807 | Pioneer E * ERS-32 | Kosmos 296 | Kosmos 297 | Kosmos 298 | Kosmos 299 | Unnamed | OPS 3531 * OPS 4710 | Kosmos 300 | Kosmos 301 | OPS 7613 * NRL PL-161 * NRL PL-162 * NRL PL-163 * NRL PL-164 * NRL PL-176 * Timation 2 * Tempsat 2 * SOICAL Cone * SOICAL Cylinder | ESRO-1B | Meteor-1 No.15 | Soyuz 6 | Soyuz 7 | Soyuz 8 | Interkosmos 1 | Kosmos 302 | Kosmos 303 | Kosmos 304 | Kosmos 305 | Kosmos 306 | Kosmos 307 | OPS 8455 | Kosmos 308 | Azur | Kosmos 309 | Apollo 12 | Kosmos 310 | Skynet 1A | Kosmos 311 | Kosmos 312 | 7K-L1e No.1 | Kosmos 313 | OPS 6617 | Kosmos 314 | Kosmos 315 | Kosmos 316 | Kosmos 317 | Interkosmos 2 | Unnamed

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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Spacecraft missions to Venus

Active missions|

| Orbiters|

* Akatsuki

|

Flybys|

* Parker Solar Probe (en route)
* BepiColombo (en route)

Past missions|

| Orbiters|

* Magellan
* Pioneer Venus Orbiter
* Venera 9
* 10
* 15
* 16
* Venus Express

|

Flybys|

* Venera 1†
* Mariner 2
* Zond 1†
* Venera 2†
* Mariner 5
* 10
* Venera 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* Vega 1
* 2
* Galileo
* Cassini–Huygens
* MESSENGER
* IKAROS
* Shin-en†

Descent probes|

* Venera 3†
* 4
* 5
* 6
* Pioneer Venus Multiprobe

Landers|

* Venera 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* Vega 1
* 2
* Pioneer Venus Small Probes

Balloon probes|

* Vega 1
* 2

Failed launches|

* Tyazhely Sputnik
* Mariner 1
* 2MV-1 No.1
* 2MV-1 No.2
* 2MV-2 No.1
* Kosmos 21
* 3MV-1 No.2
* Kosmos 27
* 96
* 167
* 482

Planned missions|

| Flybys|

* Solar Orbiter (2020)
* Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (2022)
* Dragonfly (2026)

|

Proposed missions|

| Venus missions|

* CUVE
* DAVINCI
* EnVision
* HAVOC
* HOVER
* Shukrayaan-1
* VAMP
* Venera-D
* VERITAS
* VICI
* VISAGE
* VISE
* VOX
* Zephyr

|

Flybys|

* Europa Clipper
* Hayabusa2
* Mercury-P
* Laplace-P
* NASA Uranus orbiter and probe

Cancelled / concepts|

* European Venus Explorer
* Inspiration Mars
* TMK-Mavr
* Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar
* Vesta

Program overviews|

* Venera
* 3MV
* Mariner
* Pioneer Venus
* Vega

Related|

* Colonization
* Observations and explorations
* List of artificial objects on Venus
* List of missions
* Manned Venus flyby
* Terraforming
* VeSpR

* Missions are ordered by launch date. † indicates failure en route or before any data returned.

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