Choline oxidase

Choline oxidase dimer, Arthrobacter globiformis

Identifiers
EC number| 1.1.3.17
CAS number| 9028-67-5
Databases
IntEnz| IntEnz view
BRENDA| BRENDA entry
ExPASy| NiceZyme view
KEGG| KEGG entry
MetaCyc| metabolic pathway
PRIAM| profile
PDB structures| RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
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PMC| articles
PubMed| articles
NCBI| proteins

In enzymology, a choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

choline + O2 [math]\displaystyle{ \rightleftharpoons }[/math] betaine aldehyde + H2O2

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are choline and O2, whereas its two products are betaine aldehyde and H2O2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

## References

* "Purification and characterization of choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis". J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 82 (6): 1741-9. December 1977. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131872. PMID 599154.
* "Choline oxidase, a catabolic enzyme in Arthrobacter pascens, facilitates adaptation to osmotic stress in Escherichia coli". J. Bacteriol. 173 (2): 472-8. 1991. doi:10.1128/jb.173.2.472-478.1991. PMID 1987142.
* "Structural characterization and mapping of the covalently linked FAD cofactor in choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis". Biochemistry 42 (23): 7188-94. 2003. doi:10.1021/bi0274266. PMID 12795615.
* "The trimethylammonium headgroup of choline is a major determinant for substrate binding and specificity in choline oxidase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 430 (2): 264-73. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2004.07.011. PMID 15369826.
* "On the catalytic mechanism of choline oxidase". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (7): 2067-74. 2005. doi:10.1021/ja044541q. PMID 15713082.
* Takabe T; Tanaka, Y; Aoki, K; Hibino, T; Jikuya, H; Takano, J; Takabe, T; Takabe, T (2003). "Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (7): 4932-42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210970200. PMID 12466265.

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Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1)

1.1.1: NAD/NADP acceptor|

* 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
* 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
* Alcohol dehydrogenase
* Aldo-keto reductase
* 1A1
* 1B1
* 1B10
* 1C1
* 1C3
* 1C4
* 7A2
* Aldose reductase
* Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase
* Carbohydrate dehydrogenases
* Carnitine dehydrogenase
* D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
* DXP reductoisomerase
* Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
* Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
* HMG-CoA reductase
* IMP dehydrogenase
* Isocitrate dehydrogenase
* Lactate dehydrogenase
* L-threonine dehydrogenase
* L-xylulose reductase
* Malate dehydrogenase
* Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
* Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
* Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
* Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
* Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
* Sorbitol dehydrogenase

* Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β
* 3β-HSD
* NSDHL
* 11β
* 11β-HSD1
* 11β-HSD2
* 17β

1.1.2: cytochrome acceptor|

* D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
* D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553)
* Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

1.1.3: oxygen acceptor|

* Glucose oxidase
* L-gulonolactone oxidase
* Xanthine oxidase

1.1.4: disulfide as acceptor|

* Vitamin K epoxide reductase
* Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)

1.1.5: quinone/similar acceptor|

* Malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
* Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase

1.1.99: other acceptors|

* Choline dehydrogenase
* L2HGDH

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Enzymes

Activity|

* Active site
* Binding site
* Catalytic triad
* Oxyanion hole
* Enzyme promiscuity
* Catalytically perfect enzyme
* Coenzyme
* Cofactor
* Enzyme catalysis

Regulation|

* Allosteric regulation
* Cooperativity
* Enzyme inhibitor
* Enzyme activator

Classification|

* EC number
* Enzyme superfamily
* Enzyme family
* List of enzymes

Kinetics|

* Enzyme kinetics
* Eadie–Hofstee diagram
* Hanes–Woolf plot
* Lineweaver–Burk plot
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Types|

* EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
* EC2 Transferases (list)
* EC3 Hydrolases (list)
* EC4 Lyases (list)
* EC5 Isomerases (list)
* EC6 Ligases (list)
* EC7 Translocases (list)

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