List of URI schemes

Short description: Namespace identifier assigned by IANA

This article lists common URI schemes. A Uniform Resource Identifier helps identify a source without ambiguity. Many URI schemes are registered with the IANA; however, there exist many unofficial URI schemes as well. Mobile deep links are one example of a class of unofficial URI schemes that allow for linking directly to a specific location in a mobile app.

## Contents

* 1 Official IANA-registered schemes
* 2 Unofficial but common URI schemes
* 3 Registering schemes
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Official IANA-registered schemes

URI schemes registered with the IANA, both provisional and fully approved, are listed in its registry for Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes.[1] These include well known schemes such as:

* `file` - File URI scheme
* `ftp` - File Transfer Protocol
* `http` - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
* `https` - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
* `mailto` - mailto for email addresses
* `tel` - for telephone numbers
* `imap` - Internet Message Access Protocol
* `irc` - Internet Relay Chat
* `nntp` - Network News Transfer Protocol

as well as many lesser known schemes such as:

* `acap` - Application Configuration Access Protocol
* `icap` - Internet Content Adaptation Protocol
* `mtqp` - Message Tracking Query Protocol (RFC 3887)
* `wss` - Encrypted WebSocket connections

## Unofficial but common URI schemes

Scheme  | Purpose  | Defined by  | General format  | Notes

|
|
|
|

admin  | URL scheme in the GNOME desktop environment to access file(s) with administrative permissions with GUI applications in a safer way, instead of sudo, gksu & gksudo, which may be considered insecure  | GNOME Virtual file system[2] | `admin:/⟨path⟩/⟨to⟩/⟨file⟩`

example: `gedit admin:/etc/default/grub`

| [2]
app | URL scheme can be used by packaged applications to obtain resources that are inside a container  | Google[3] | `app://⟨application⟩/⟨path⟩`

example: `app://com.foo.bar/index.html`

| [4][5]
freeplane  | Open a Freemind/Freeplane .mm file in the locally installed Freeplane application and optionally highlight a node in the opened mindmap.  | Freeplane v1.3 and above[6] | `freeplane:/ ⟨path to file⟩#ID_⟨node number⟩`

`freeplane:/ ⟨path to file⟩#:⟨path⟩/⟨in⟩/⟨map⟩/⟨to⟩/⟨node⟩`

geo | Open a geographic location in a two or three-dimensional coordinate reference system on your preferred maps application.  | Internet Engineering Task Force's RFC 5870[7] (published 8 June 2010)  | `geo:25.245470718844146,51.45400942457904` | See more information on: Geo URI scheme. Alternatively, `maps:` may be implemented in some clients.
javascript  | Execute JavaScript code.  | IETF Draft[8] | `javascript:⟨javascript to execute⟩` |
jdbc  | Connect a database with Java Database Connectivity technology.  | Database vendor dependent  | `jdbc:somejdbcvendor:other_data...`

`jdbc:oracle:oci:@host:port(sid or [/service])?params...`
`jdbc:sqlserver://serverName\instanceName:portNumber;params...`
`jdbc:mysql://host:port/database?params...`

| Requires a vendor provided connector (jar archive) to be included in the client library.
msteams  | Used by Microsoft to launch the Microsoft Teams desktop client  | Microsoft[9] | `msteams:/l/...` | [10][11]
ms-access
ms-excel
ms-infopath
ms-powerpoint
ms-project
ms-publisher
ms-spd
ms-visio
ms-word  | Used by Microsoft to launch Microsoft Office applications  | Microsoft[12] | `⟨scheme-name⟩:⟨command-name⟩|⟨command-argument-descriptor⟩|⟨command-argument⟩`

example: `ms-excel:ofv|u|<https://contoso/Q4/budget.xls>`

odbc  | Open Database Connectivity | IETF Draft[13] |  |
psns  | Used by PlayStation consoles to open the PS Store application, also used by Media Go  | Sony (not public)  | `psns://browse?product=⟨ContentID⟩`If entered without parameters, like `psns://` it opens the PS Store or Media Go app main page.  |
rdar  | URL scheme used by Apple's internal issue-tracking system  | Apple (not public)  | `rdar://⟨issue number⟩`

example: `rdar://10198949`

| Allows employees to link to internally-tracked issues from anywhere. Example of a private scheme which has leaked in to the public space and is widely seen on the internet, but can only be resolved by Apple employees.
s3  | Used to interact programmatically with Amazon S3 bucket  | aws-cli documentation[14] |

aws s3 sync /tmp/foo/ s3://bucket/ --recursive \
--exclude "*" --include "*.jpg" --include "*.txt"

shortcuts  | A scheme used by Apple to execute a Shortcut from apps that support links  | Apple  | `shortcuts://run-shortcut?name=Add20%to20%Notes&input=clipboard` | [15]
steam  | The steam URI scheme, also known as the "Steam Browser Protocol" is used by the Steam store webapp to open the desktop application or to run a specific command if the app is already opened. The command to run is also specified along with the URI itself.  | Steam (service) | `steam://<command>` | [16]
slack  | Used by Slack to launch the Slack client  | Slack API reference[17] | `slack://open?team={TEAM_ID}` |
trueconf  | Used by TrueConf Server to interact with client applications  | TrueConf official website[18] | `trueconf:[target] [@server]&[param_1]=[value_1]&[...]&[param_n]=[value_n]` | [18]
viber  | Open the locally installed Viber application to link to a view or perform an action, such as share an URL to a contact.  | Viber API Documentation - Deep Links[19]

Viber API Documentation - Viber Share Button[20]

| `viber://pa?chatURI=⟨URI⟩`

`viber://pa/info?uri=⟨URI⟩`
`viber://forward?text=<ShareDescription>`

web+...  | Effectively namespaces web-based protocols from other, potentially less web-secure, protocols  | This convention is defined within the HTML Living Standard specification[21] | `web+⟨string of some lower-case alphabetic characters⟩:` | This convention is not associated with the registration of any new scheme but is currently a requirement as well as convention for non-whitelisted web-based protocols.
zoommtg
zoomus  | Used by Zoom conferencing software to launch the Zoom client  | Zoom developer community[22] | `zoommtg://zoom.us/join?confno=⟨confno⟩...` | More information at Zoom developer community[22]
spotify  | Opens Spotify links in the app  | Spotify for Developers | `spotify://track:⟨trackid⟩` |

## Registering schemes

Internet Engineering Task Force Best Current Practice (BCP) 35, Request for Comments (RFC) 7595, Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes (updated by RFC 8615, Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers), defines the process for registering new URI scheme names. From time to time the process may change. The scheme registry maintains the mapping between scheme names and their specifications.[23][24]

## References

1. ↑ "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes". https://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes/uri-schemes.xhtml.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Projects/gvfs/backends – GNOME Wiki Archive". https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/gvfs/backends.
3. ↑ "Google". https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl.
4. ↑ "The app: URL Scheme". http://www.w3.org/TR/app-uri/.
5. ↑ "The app: URI scheme". https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-app-uri-20130516/.
6. ↑ "New features in Freeplane 1.3 - Freeplane Documentation". https://docs.freeplane.org/attic/old-mediawiki-content/New_features_in_Freeplane_1.3.html?highlight=protocol#other-features.
7. ↑ Spanring, Christian; Mayrhofer, Alexander (June 15, 2010). "A Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations ('geo' URI)". https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5870/.
8. ↑ Hoehrmann, Bjoern (September 25, 2010). "The 'javascript' resource identifier scheme". https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hoehrmann-javascript-scheme/.
9. ↑ "Deep links overview - Teams". https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/concepts/build-and-test/deep-links.
10. ↑ "Create deep links - Teams" (in en-us). https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/concepts/build-and-test/deep-links.
11. ↑ "Build apps for Teams meeting stage - Teams" (in en-us). https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/platform/apps-in-teams-meetings/build-apps-for-teams-meeting-stage.
12. ↑ "Office URI Schemes". https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/client-developer/office-uri-schemes.
13. ↑ Lambert, Patrick (October 8, 2014). "ODBC URI Scheme". https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-patrick-lambert-odbc-uri-scheme/.
14. ↑ "s3 — AWS CLI 2.28.11 Command Reference". https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/s3/.
15. ↑ "Run a shortcut using a URL scheme on iPhone or iPad". https://support.apple.com/guide/shortcuts/run-a-shortcut-from-a-url-apd624386f42/ios.
16. ↑ "Steam browser protocol documentation". https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Steam_browser_protocol.
17. ↑ "Reference: Deep linking into Slack". https://slack.com/reference/deep-linking.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 ""trueconf:" Protocol Designed to Interact with TrueConf Client Applications". https://trueconf.com/blog/knowledge-base/trueconf-protocol-designed-to-interact-with-trueconf-client-applications.
19. ↑ "DeepLinks". https://developers.viber.com/docs/tools/deep-links/.
20. ↑ "Share Button". https://developers.viber.com/docs/tools/share-button/.
21. ↑ HTML Living Standard specification
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Slagle, Tim (2 December 2020). "Zoom developer community". Medium. https://medium.com/zoom-developer-blog/zoom-url-schemes-748b95fd9205.
23. ↑ RFC 7595
24. ↑ "Information on BCP 35". https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp35.

## External links

* Official IANA Registry of URI Schemes
* More information, including many more schemes
* RFC Editor information on URI Generic Syntax

* v
* t
* e

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes

Official|

* about
* acct
* crid
* data
* file
* ftp
* geo
* gopher
* http
* https
* info
* ldap
* mailto
* nfs
* nntp
* sip / sips
* tag
* telnet
* urn
* view-source
* ws / wss
* xmpp

Unofficial|

* coffee
* ed2k
* feed
* finger
* irc / irc6 / ircs
* ldaps
* magnet
* rsync
* ymsgr

Protocol list

* v
* t
* e

Hypermedia

Basics|

* Hypertext
* Hyperlink
* Hypertext fiction
* Hypervideo
* Adaptive hypermedia
* educational
* authoring
* Hyperlinks in virtual worlds

Resource identifiers|

* Uniform resource identifier
* Internationalized resource identifier
* Uniform resource name
* Uniform resource locator
* Extensible resource identifier
* Persistent uniform resource locator
* Semantic URL

Concepts|

* anchor text
* click path
* Domain name
* click here
* Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
* deep linking
* Fat link
* Fragment identifier
* Hostname
* Hypertext
* Inline linking
* inbound link/backlink
* HTTP referer
* image map
* Internal link
* Internet bookmark
* linkback
* Link relation
* Link rot
* Object hyperlinking
* Path
* Screen hotspot
* Source tracking
* transclusion
* URI scheme
* URL normalization
* URL redirection
* Website
* Web page
* XML namespace

Technology|

* CURIE
* Hypertext Transfer Protocol
* XLink

See also|

* Digital poetry
* History of hypertext
* Interactive novel
* Interactive fiction
* Timeline of hypertext technology
* Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
* World Wide Web
* Domain Application Protocol

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