Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Drug-induced autoimmune heamolytic anemia

Ibuprofen-induced hemolytic anemia-Peripheral blood smear shows microspherocytes  arrows, polychromasia
Specialty| Hematology

Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a form of hemolytic anemia.

In some cases, a drug can cause the immune system to mistakenly think the body's own red blood cells are dangerous, foreign substances. Antibodies then develop against the red blood cells. The antibodies attach to red blood cells and cause them to break down too early. It is known that more than 150 drugs can cause this type of hemolytic anemia.[1] The list includes :

* Cephalosporins (a class of antibiotics)
* Dapsone
* Levodopa
* Levofloxacin
* Methyldopa
* Nitrofurantoin
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - among them, the commonly used Diclofenac and Ibuprofen
* Phenazopyridine (pyridium)
* Quinidine[2]

Penicillin in high doses can induce immune mediated hemolysis[3] via the hapten mechanism in which antibodies are targeted against the combination of penicillin in association with red blood cells. Complement is activated by the attached antibody leading to the removal of red blood cells by the spleen.[citation needed]

The drug itself can be targeted by the immune system, e.g. by IgE in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin, rarely leading to anaphylaxis.[citation needed]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* List of circulatory system conditions
* List of hematologic conditions

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Barcellini, Wilma (2015-10-01). "Immune Hemolysis: Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations". Seminars in Hematology. Anemia in Clinical Practice. 52 (4): 304–312. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.05.001. ISSN 0037-1963. PMID 26404442.
2. ↑ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia
3. ↑ Stroncek, David; Procter, Jo L.; Johnson, Judy (2000). "Drug-induced hemolysis: Cefotetan-dependent hemolytic anemia mimicking an acute intravascular immune transfusion reaction". American Journal of Hematology. 64 (1): 67–70. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(200005)64:1<67::AID-AJH12>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 10815791.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: D59.0
* ICD-9-CM: 283

|

* v
* t
* e

Diseases of red blood cells

| Polycythemia|

* Polycythemia vera

|

| Anemia|

| Nutritional|

* Micro-: Iron-deficiency anemia
* Plummer–Vinson syndrome

* Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia
* Pernicious anemia

|

Hemolytic
(mostly normo-)|

| Hereditary|

* enzymopathy: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
* glycolysis
* pyruvate kinase deficiency
* triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
* hexokinase deficiency

* hemoglobinopathy: Thalassemia
* alpha
* beta
* delta
* Sickle cell disease/trait
* Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

* membrane: Hereditary spherocytosis
* Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome
* Hereditary elliptocytosis
* Southeast Asian ovalocytosis
* Hereditary stomatocytosis

|

Acquired|

| AIHA|

* Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Cold agglutinin disease
* Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia
* Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
* Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia

|

* membrane
* paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

* Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
* Thrombotic microangiopathy
* Hemolytic–uremic syndrome

* Drug-induced autoimmune
* Drug-induced nonautoimmune

* Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Aplastic
(mostly normo-)|

* Hereditary: Fanconi anemia
* Diamond–Blackfan anemia

* Acquired: Pure red cell aplasia
* Sideroblastic anemia
* Myelophthisic

Blood tests|

* Mean corpuscular volume
* normocytic
* microcytic
* macrocytic
* Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
* normochromic
* hypochromic

Other|

* Methemoglobinemia
* Sulfhemoglobinemia
* Reticulocytopenia

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