Scientific research on the International Space Station

Short description: Overview article

Expedition 8 Commander and Science Officer Michael Foale conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox. ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, works with the Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems in Micro-G (POEMS) payload in the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) inside the Destiny laboratory.

The International Space Station is a platform for scientific research that requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit (for example microgravity, (cosmic) -radiation and extreme temperatures). The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.[1][2] The 2005 NASA Authorization Act designated the American segment of the International Space Station as a national laboratory with the goal of increasing the use of the ISS by other federal agencies and the private sector.[3]

Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body. Subjects currently under study include muscle atrophy, bone loss, and fluid shift. The data will be used to determine whether space colonization and lengthy human spaceflight are feasible. As of 2006, data on bone loss and muscular atrophy suggest that there would be a significant risk of fractures and movement problems if astronauts landed on a planet after a lengthy interplanetary cruise (such as the six-month journey time required to fly to Mars).[4][5] Large scale medical studies are conducted aboard the ISS via the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity study in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts. The study considers the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions in space. Usually, there is no physician on board the ISS, and diagnosis of medical conditions is a challenge. It is anticipated that remotely guided ultrasound scans will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations where access to a trained physician is difficult.[6][7][8]

Researchers are investigating the effect of the station's near-weightless environment on the evolution, development, growth and internal processes of plants and animals. In response to some of this data, NASA wants to investigate microgravity's effects on the growth of three-dimensional, human-like tissues, and the unusual protein crystals that can be formed in space.[9]

The investigation of the physics of fluids in microgravity will allow researchers to model the behaviour of fluids better. Because fluids can be almost completely combined in microgravity, physicists investigate fluids that do not mix well on Earth. In addition, an examination of reactions that are slowed by low gravity and temperatures will give scientists a deeper understanding of superconductivity.[9]

The study of materials science is an important ISS research activity, with the objective of reaping economic benefits through the improvement of techniques used on the ground.[10] Other areas of interest include the effect of the low gravity environment on combustion, through the study of the efficiency of burning and control of emissions and pollutants. These findings may improve our knowledge about energy production, and lead to economic and environmental benefits.

Remote sensing of the Earth, astronomy, and deep space research on the ISS have dramatically increased during the 2010s after the completion of the US Orbital Segment in 2011. Throughout the more than 20 years of the ISS program researchers aboard the ISS and on the ground have examined aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and oxides in Earth's atmosphere, as well as the Sun, cosmic rays, cosmic dust, antimatter, and dark matter in the universe. Examples of Earth-viewing remote sensing experiments that have flown on the ISS are the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3, ISS-RapidScat, HICO, ECOSTRESS, the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, and the Cloud Aerosol Transport System. ISS-based astronomy telescopes and experiments include SOLAR, the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, the Calorimetric Electron Telescope, the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI), and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.[9][11]

## Contents

* 1 ISS science facilities
* 1.1 Columbus
* 1.2 Destiny
* 1.3 Kibo
* 1.4 Poisk
* 1.5 ISS small hardware
* 1.6 ISS sub-rack
* 1.7 ISS stowage
* 1.8 ISS mid-deck locker
* 1.9 ISS mid-deck locker insert
* 2 JAXA's ISS research and science activity
* 2.1 Experiments
* 2.1.1 Applied research fields
* 2.1.2 Human space technology development fields
* 2.1.3 Educational and cultural utilization fields
* 2.1.4 Commercial utilization fields
* 2.1.5 Exposed facility experiments
* 3 NASA's ISS research and science activity
* 3.1 Human research
* 3.1.1 Effect of prolonged space flight on human skeletal muscle
* 3.1.2 Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
* 3.1.3 Crew healthcare systems
* 3.1.4 Human behaviour and performance
* 3.1.5 Immune system
* 3.1.6 Integrated physiology
* 3.1.7 Neurological and vestibular systems
* 3.1.8 Radiation
* 3.1.9 Other experiments
* 3.2 Biology and biotechnology
* 3.2.1 Animal biology
* 3.2.2 Cellular biology and biotechnology
* 3.2.3 Microbiology
* 3.2.4 Plant biology
* 3.2.5 Protein crystallization
* 3.2.6 Other experiments
* 3.3 Physical and materials sciences
* 3.3.1 Combustion science
* 3.3.2 Fluid physics
* 3.3.3 Materials science
* 3.3.4 Quantum Physics
* 3.3.5 Other experiments
* 3.4 Technology development
* 3.4.1 Characterizing the microgravity environment on ISS
* 3.4.2 Environmental monitoring of ISS
* 3.4.3 Picosatellites and control technologies
* 3.4.4 Spacecraft materials
* 3.4.5 Spacecraft systems
* 3.4.6 Spacecraft and orbital environments
* 3.4.7 Other experiments
* 3.5 Earth and space science
* 3.5.1 Earth science
* 3.5.2 Space science
* 3.5.3 Other monitors and observatories from the field
* 3.6 ISS operations results
* 3.6.1 Crew-initiated science
* 3.6.2 Educational activities
* 3.6.3 Environmental monitoring of ISS
* 3.6.4 Medical monitoring of ISS crew members
* 3.6.5 Spacecraft systems
* 3.6.6 Spacecraft and orbital environments
* 3.6.7 Station development test objective
* 3.6.8 Supplementary Medical Objective
* 4 ESA reported ISS research and science activity
* 5 Energia RSC reported ISS research and science activity
* 5.1 Human life research
* 5.2 Geophysical research
* 5.3 Earth resources sensing
* 5.4 Space biotechnology
* 5.5 Technical research
* 5.6 Contract activities
* 5.7 Study of cosmic rays
* 5.8 Educational and humanitarian projects
* 5.9 Space technology and material science
* 5.10 Foreign programs
* 6 Other
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## ISS science facilities

[12][13]
The ISS includes a number of modules devoted to scientific activity as well as other hardware designed for the same purpose.

Laboratory modules:

* Columbus
* Destiny
* Kibo or the Japanese Experiment Module
* Poisk or Mini-Research Module 2
* Rassvet or Mini-Research Module 1
* Nauka or Multipurpose Laboratory Module

Scientific hardware not attached to any laboratory module:

* Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer or AMS
* Cupola
* ExPRESS Logistics Carriers or ELC[14]
* External Stowage Platforms (ESP)
* Orbital Replacement Units SPARES
* Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)[15][16]

### Columbus

Internal scientific hardware:

* Biological Experiment Laboratory (BioLab)
* European Drawer Rack (EDR)
* European Physiology Module (EPM)
* European Transportation Carrier (ETC)
* Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL)
* Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG)
* Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES)

External scientific hardware:

* Columbus - External Payload Facility (Columbus-EPF)
* European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF)
* Sun Monitoring on the External Payload Facility of Columbus (SOLAR)

### Destiny

* Fluids and Combustion Facility (FCF) [17]
* Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR)
* Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR)
* ExPRESS Rack 1[18]
* ExPRESS Rack 2A[19]
* ExPRESS Rack 3A[20]
* ExPRESS Rack 4[21]
* ExPRESS Rack 5[22]
* ExPRESS Rack 6[23]
* ExPRESS Rack 7
* ExPRESS Rack 8
* Human Research Facility 1 (HRF-1)
* Human Research Facility 2 (HRF-2)[24]
* Materials Science Research Rack-1 (MSRR-1)
* Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI)
* Window Observational Research Facility (WORF)

Planned for launch:

* Basic Express Rack 9B (ISS facility) | BER-9B ExPRESS Rack with only cooling and electrical power, eight Mid Deck Locker payloads. Launched on HTV-6[needs update]
* Basic Express Rack 10B (ISS facility) | BER-10B
* Second Glove Box, MSG-2 or Live Science Glovebox LSG

### Kibo

[25]
Internal scientific hardware:

* Ryutai Experiment Rack (Ryutai)[26]
* Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF)[27]
* Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF)[28]
* Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF)[29]
* Image Processing Unit (IPU)[30]
* Kobairo Rack :
* Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF)[31]
* Saibo Experiment Rack (Saibo)[32]
* Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF)[33]
* Clean Bench (CB)[34]
* Lab Support Equipments and other smaller instruments
* The Minus Eighty Degree Celsius Laboratory Freezer for the International Space Station (MELFI)
* Biological Experiment Unit (BEU)[35]
* High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV)[36]
* Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES)[37]
* Human Research Facility Holter Monitor[38]
* Payload Laptop Terminal (PLT)[39]
* Microgravity Measurement Apparatus (MMA),
* Utility DC/DC Converter Unit (UDC)[39]

External scientific hardware:

* Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility[40]

### Poisk

* Multipurpose workstation (MWS)

### ISS small hardware

* Actiwatch (Actiwatch)[41]
* BioServe Culture Apparatus (BCA)[42]
* Biological Research in Canisters for OptiCells (BRIC-Opti)[43]
* Human Research Facility Continuous Blood Pressure Device (CBPD)[44]
* Hand Grip Dynamometer Pinch Force Dynamometer (HGD-PFD)[45]
* Human Research Facility Holter Monitor (Holter)[46]
* Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tube (KFT)[47]
* Portable Clinical Blood Analyzer - i-STAT (PCBA)[48]
* Radiation Area Monitor (RAM)[49]
* Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC)[50]
* Urine Monitoring System (UMS)[51]
* Vegetable Production System (Veggie)[52]

### ISS sub-rack

[53]

* Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS)[54]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF)[55]
* ARCTIC Refrigerator-Freezer (ARCTIC)[56]
* Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller (BSTC)[57]
* Biotechnology Temperature Refrigerator (BTR)[58]
* Boiling Experiment Facility (BXF)[59]
* Clean Bench (CB)[60]
* Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF)[61]
* Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA)[62]
* Commercial Plant Biotechnology Facility (CPBF)[63]
* Commercial Refrigerator Incubator Module - Modified (CRIM-M)[64]
* European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS)[65]
* Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF)[66]
* Flywheel Exercise Device (FWED)[67]
* Image Processing Unit (IPU)[68]
* Mice Drawer System Facility (MDS Facility)[69]
* Microgravity Vibration Isolation Subsystem (MVIS)[70]
* Portable Astroculture Chamber (PASC)[71]
* Protein Crystal Growth - Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES)[72]
* Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF)[73]
* Pulmonary Function System (PFS)[74]
* Portable Glovebox (PGB)[75]
* Refrigerated Centrifuge (RC)[76]
* Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF)[77]
* Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD)[78]
* Human Research Facility Ultrasound on the International Space Station (Ultrasound)[79]

### ISS stowage

[53]

* Autonomous Biological System (ABS)[80]
* Advanced Space Experiment Processor (ADSEP)[81]
* Astro Garden[82]
* Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC)[83]
* Cell Culturing (CellCult)[84]
* Group Activation Pack - Fluid Processing Apparatus (GAP-FPA)[85]
* Granada Crystallization Facility (GCF)[86]

### ISS mid-deck locker

[53]

* Avian Development Facility (ADF)[87]
* Animal Enclosure Module (AEM)[88]
* General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator (GLACIER)[89]
* Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator (MERLIN)[90]
* T-Cell Growth System (T-CGS)[91]
* Polar (Research Refrigerator for ISS)[92]

### ISS mid-deck locker insert

[53]

* Biotube[93]
* Kennedy Space Center Gaseous Nitrogen Freezer (GN2)[94]

## JAXA's ISS research and science activity

[95][96][97]

### Experiments

* [98]
* Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection Marangoni Exp (Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) )[99]
* Spatio-temporal Flow Structure in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni UVP/MaranGoniat) (Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) )[100]
* Experimental Assessment of Dynamic Surface Deformation Effects in Transition to Oscillatory Thermo capillary Flow in Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid (Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) )[101]
* Pattern Formation during Ice Crystal Growth (Ice Crystal) (Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) )[102]
* Investigation on Mechanism of Faceted Cellular Array Growth (Facet) (Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) )[103]
* Growth of Homogeneous SiGe Crystals in Microgravity by the TLZ Method (Hicari) (Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) )
* Gene expression of p53-regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells after Exposure to Space Environment (Rad Gene)[104]
* Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH)[105]
* Control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis of amphibian culture cells (Dome Gene)
* Integrated Assessment of Long-term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, in Space (Rad Silk)[106]
* RNA interference and protein phosphorylation in space environment using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (CERISE)
* Cbl-Mediated Protein Ubiquitination Downregulates the Response of Skeletal Muscle Cells to Growth Factors in Space (Myo Lab)
* Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene Expression in Roots Grown under Microgravity Conditions (Hydro Tropi)[107]
* Biological effects of space radiation and microgravity on mammalian cells (Neuro Rad)
* Life Cycle of Higher Plants under Microgravity Conditions (Space Seed)[108]
* Regulation by Gravity of Ferulate Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Seedlings (Ferulate)[109]

#### Applied research fields

* High Quality Protein Crystallization Research (HQPC)[110]
* Applied research core center promotion program New material development (Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF))
* Applied research core center promotion program Dynamics of Interfaces (Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF))

#### Human space technology development fields

* Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES)[111]
* High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV)[112]
* Varidation of On-orbit Digital Holter ECG Monitoring[113]
* Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss[114]

#### Educational and cultural utilization fields

* Space Poem Chain (ISS Experiment)[115]
* Pilot missions for utilization for culture and humanity and social sciences

#### Commercial utilization fields

Fee-based utilization of Kibo is available to unrestricted research groups for commercial use. Costs involved in the operation will be paid by each user. The results obtained through the utilization will belong to the user.[98]

#### Exposed facility experiments

* Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI)[116]
* Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload (SEDA-AP)[117]
* Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder (SMILES)[118]

## NASA's ISS research and science activity

[119]

### Human research

[120]

#### Effect of prolonged space flight on human skeletal muscle

[121]

* Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (Bisphosphonates)[122]
* Commercial Biomedical Testing Module: Effects of Osteoprotegerin on Bone Maintenance in Microgravity (CBTM)[123]
* Commercial Biomedical Test Module - 2 (CBTM-2)[124]
* Foot Reaction Forces During Space Flight (Foot)[125]
* Effects of Altered Gravity on Spinal Cord Excitability (H-Reflex)[126]
* Hand Posture Analyzer (HPA)[127]
* Renal Stone Risk During Spaceflight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation (Renal Stone)[128]
* Spinal Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment (Spinal Elongation)[129]
* Subregional Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-term Space Flight (Subregional Bone)[130]

#### Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems

* Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS (CCISS)[131]
* Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Integrated Cardiovascular)[132]
* Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Long (Midodrine-Long)[133]
* Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Short Duration Biological Investigation (Midodrine-SDBI)[134]
* The Effects of EVA and Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Pulmonary Function (PuFF)[135]
* Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions (VO2max)[136]
* Effect of Microgravity on the Peripheral Subcutaneous Veno-Arteriolar Reflex in Humans (Xenon1)[137]

#### Crew healthcare systems

* IntraVenous Fluid GENeration for Exploration Missions (IVGEN)[138]
* Stability of Pharmacotherapeutic and Nutritional Compounds (Stability)[139]

#### Human behaviour and performance

* Bodies In the Space Environment was an experiment run from 2009 to 2010 studying how people perceive relative direction in space.[140]
* Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interaction During International Space Station Missions (Interactions)[141]
* Behavioral Issues Associated with Isolation and Confinement: Review and Analysis of ISS Crew Journals (Journals)[142]
* Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long (Sleep-Long)[143]
* Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Short (Sleep-Short)[144]
* Human Factors Assessment of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch (Visual Performance)[145]

#### Immune system

* Differentiation of Bone Marrow Macrophages in Space (BONEMAC)[146]
* Cell Culture Module - Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity (CCM-Immune Response)[147]
* Cell Culture Module - Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New Blood Vessel Development (CCM-Wound Repair)[148]
* Space Flight Induced Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus (Epstein-Barr)[149]
* Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function (Integrated Immune)[150]
* Incidence of Latent Virus Shedding During Space Flight (Latent Virus)[151]

#### Integrated physiology

* Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM)[152]
* Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition)[153]
* Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery (Pro K)[154]
* National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository (Repository)[155]

#### Neurological and vestibular systems

* ELaboratore Immagini TElevisive - Space 2 (ELITE-S2)[156]
* Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-Duration Space Flight (Mobility)[157]
* Bioavailability and Performance Effects of Promethazine During Space Flight (PMZ)[158]

#### Radiation

* Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System (ALTEA)[159]
* Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield (ALTEA-Shield)[160]
* Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND)[161]
* Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (Chromosome)[162]
* Dosimetric Mapping (DOSMAP)[163]
* A Study of Radiation Doses Experienced by Astronauts in EVA (EVARM)[164]
* Organ Dose Measurement Using the Phantom Torso (Torso)[165]
* Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight (3D-Space)[166]

#### Other experiments

* Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment (Card)[167]
* Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Peripheral Lymphocytes of ISS Crewmembers (Chromosome-2)[168]
* Astronaut's Energy Requirements for Long-Term Space Flight (Energy)[169]
* Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS (Immuno)[170]
* Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to G-Transitions (MOP)[171]
* Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight (Mus)[172]
* Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation (Otolith)[173]
* Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space (PMDIS)[174]
* Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station (Reaction Self Test)[175]
* Study of Microbial Communities Exposed to Weightlessness (Sample)[176]
* SOdium LOading in Microgravity (SOLO)[177]
* Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight (Spin)[178]
* Test of Reaction and Adaptation Capabilities (TRAC)[179]
* Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight (Zag)[180]

### Biology and biotechnology

[181]

#### Animal biology

* Fungal Pathogenesis, Tumorigenesis, and Effects of Host Immunity in Space (FIT)[182]
* Mice Drawer System (MDS)[183]
* Rodent Research Hardware System[184]

#### Cellular biology and biotechnology

* Avian Development Facility - Development and Function of the Avian Otolith System in Normal Altered Gravity Environments (ADF-Otolith)[185]
* Avian Development Facility - Skeletal Development in embryonic Quail (ADF-Skeletal)[186]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Human Renal Cortical Cell Differentiation and Hormone Production (CBOSS-01-02-Renal)[187]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Use of NASA Bioreactor to Study Cell Cycle Regulation: Mechanisms of Colon Carcinoma Metastasis in Microgravity (CBOSS-01-Colon)[188]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Evaluation of Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Gene Expression (CBOSS-01-Ovarian)[189]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells - A Proven Model System for Optimizing 3-D Cell Culture Biotechnology in Space (CBOSS-01-PC12)[190]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Production of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Mammalian Cells (CBOSS-02-Erythropoietin)[191]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: The Effect of Microgravity on the Immune Function of Human Lymphoid Tissue (CBOSS-02-HLT)[192]
* Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Fluid Dynamics Investigation (CBOSS-FDI)[193]
* Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Antibiotic Production in Space (CGBA-APS)[194]
* Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Kidney Cell Gene Expression (CGBA-KCGE)[195]
* Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Synaptogenesis in Microgravity (CGBA-SM)[196]
* Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System (MEPS)[197]
* StelSys Liver Cell Function Research (StelSys)[198]
* Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - A (TripleLux-A)[199]
* Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - B (TripleLux-B)[200]

#### Microbiology

In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria, which is highly resistant to environmental hazards, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings support the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft.[201][202]

* Microbial Drug Resistance Virulence (MDRV)[203]
* Effect of Spaceflight on Microbial Gene Expression and Virulence (Microbe)[204]
* National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells (NLP-Cells)[205]
* National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1A (NLP-Vaccine-1A)[206]
* National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1B (NLP-Vaccine-1B)[207]
* National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1C (NLP-Vaccine-1C)[208]
* National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 2 (NLP-Vaccine-2)[209]
* National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 3 (NLP-Vaccine-3)[210]
* National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 4 (NLP-Vaccine-4)[211]
* National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 5 (NLP-Vaccine-5)[212]
* Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems (POEMS)[213]
* Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space (SPEGIS)[214]
* Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft Environment (SWAB)[215]
* Yeast-Group Activation Packs (Yeast-GAP)[216]

#### Plant biology

* Advanced AstrocultureTM (ADVASC)[217]
* Biomass Production System (BPS)[218]
* Cambium (Cambium)[219]
* Cell Wall/Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under Microgravity Conditions and Resist Wall/Role of Microtubule-Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Gravity Resistance in Plants (CWRW)[220]
* Gravity Related Genes in Arabidopsis - A (Genara-A)[221]
* Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing (Gravi)[222]
* Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing - 2 (Gravi-2)[223]
* Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight Resources (Lada-VPU-P3R)[224]
* Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigeneration Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana (Multigen)[225]
* National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - 3: Jatropha Biofuels (NLP-Cells-3)[226]
* The Optimization of Root Zone Substrates (ORZS) for Reduced Gravity Experiments Program (ORZS)[227]
* Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation (PESTO)[228]
* Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (PGBA)[229]
* Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System (TAGES)[230]
* Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism (Tropi)[231]

#### Protein crystallization

* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Extraordinary Structural Features of Antibodies from Camelids (APCF-Camelids)[232]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Solution Flows and Molecular Disorder of Protein Crystals: Growth of High Quality Crystals, Motions of Lumazin Crystals and Growth of Ferritin Crystals (APCF-Crystal Growth)[233]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Effect of Different Growth Conditions on the Quality of Thaumatin and Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Crystals Grown in Microgravity (APCF-Crystal Quality)[234]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Microgravity (APCF-Lipoprotein)[235]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Testing New Trends in Microgravity Protein Crystallization (APCF-Lysozyme)[236]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of the Next Generation of Octarellins (APCF-Octarellins)[237]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Protein Crystallization in Microgravity, Collagen Model (X-Y-Gly) Polypeptides - the case of (Pro-Pro-Gly) 10 (APCF-PPG10)[238]
* Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Rhodopsin in Microgravity (APCF-Rhodopsin)[239]
* Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High Density (CPCG-H)[240]
* Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth (DCPCG)[241]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (PCG-EGN)[242]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved Diffraction Quality of Crystals (PCG-STES-IDQC)[243]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Integral Membrane Protein Using Microgravity (PCG-STES-IMP)[244]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling (PCG-STES-MM)[245]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport Proteins (PCG-STES-MMTP)[246]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System - Crystal Growth Model System for Material Science (PCG-STES-MS)[247]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Engineering a Ribozyme for Diffraction Properties (PCG-STES-RDP)[248]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Regulation of Gene Expression (PCG-STES-RGE)[249]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Science and Applications of Facility Hardware for Protein Crystal Growth (PCG-STES-SA)[250]
* Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Vapor Equilibrium Kinetics Studies (PCG-STES-VEKS)[251]

#### Other experiments

* Dome Gene Experiment (DomeGene)[252]
* Exposure Experiment (Expose)[253]
* Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5% (FRTL5)[254]
* High Quality Protein Crystallization (HQPC)[255]
* Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH) - Gene Expression of p53-Regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells After Exposure to Space Environment (LOH-RadGene)[256]
* Effects of Microgravity on the Haemopoietic System: A Study on Neocytolysis (Neocytolysis)[257]
* PAthway DIfferent ACtivators (PADIAC)[258]
* ROle of Apoptosis in Lymphocyte Depression (ROALD)[259]
* Study of Space Environment Effects on PY17 Bacterial Spores on board Space Shuttle (Spore)[260]
* Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots at Different g-levels (WAICO)[261]

### Physical and materials sciences

[262]

#### Combustion science

* Flame Extinguishment Experiment (FLEX)[263]
* Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment (SPICE)[264]

#### Fluid physics

* Capillary Flow Experiment (CFE)[265]
* DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert (DECLIC-HTI)[266]
* Fluid Merging Viscosity Measurement (FMVM)[267]
* Miscible Fluids in Microgravity (MFMG)[268]
* Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment (SHERE)[269]
* Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Influence of VIbrations on DIffusion of Liquids (SODI-IVIDIL)[270]

#### Materials science

* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 and 4: Critical Point (BCAT-3-4-CP)[271]
* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Binary Alloys (BCAT-3-BA)[272]
* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization (BCAT-3-SC)[273]
* Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4: Polydispersion (BCAT-4-Poly)[274]
* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Three-Dimensional Melt (BCAT-5-3D-Melt)[275]
* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Compete (BCAT-5-Compete)[276]
* Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase Separation (BCAT-5-PhaseSep)[277]
* Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-2 (CSLM-2)[278]
* DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert (DECLIC-DSI)[279]
* EXPRESS Physics of Colloids in Space (EXPPCS)[280]
* Viscous Liquid Foam - Bulk Metallic Glass (Foam)[281]
* Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions (InSPACE)[282]
* Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2 (InSPACE-2)[283]
* Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7, and 8)[284][285][286][287][288]
* Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MSL-CETSOL and MICAST)[289]
* Toward Understanding Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment (PFMI)[290]
* Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Aggregation of Colloidal Solutions (SODI-Colloid) (ISS Experiment)[291]
* Space-Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System (SpaceDRUMS)[292]
* Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules (SUBSA)[293]
* Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG)[294]

#### Quantum Physics

* Cold Atom Laboratory

#### Other experiments

* Fundamental and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability (FASES)[295]
* Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity (Geoflow)[296]
* Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni)[297]

### Technology development

[298]

#### Characterizing the microgravity environment on ISS

* Active Rack Isolation System - ISS Characterization Experiment (ARIS-ICE)[299]
* Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS)[300]
* Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II)[301]

#### Environmental monitoring of ISS

* Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air (ANITA)[302]
* JPL Electronic Nose (ENose)[303]
* Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS)[304]
* Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System - Exploration (LOCAD-PTS-Exploration)[305]
* Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM)[306]

#### Picosatellites and control technologies

* Avatar Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the ISS (Avatar Explore)[307][308]
* Dual RF Astrodynamic GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite (DRAGONSat)[309]
* Middeck Active Control Experiment-II (MACE-II)[310]
* Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES)[311]
* Space Test Program-H2-Microelectromechanical System-Based (MEMS) PICOSAT Inspector (STP-H2-MEPSI)[312]
* Space Test Program-H2-Radar Fence Transponder (STP-H2-RAFT)[313]

#### Spacecraft materials

* Elastic Memory Composite Hinge (EMCH)[314]
* In Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI)[315]
* Pico-Satellite Solar Cell Experiment (PSSC)[316]
* Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX)[317][318][319]

#### Spacecraft systems

* Boiling eXperiment Facility - Microheater Array Boiling Experiment (BXF-MABE)[320]
* Boiling eXperiment Facility - Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment (BXF-NPBX)[321]
* Dust and Aerosol Measurement Feasibility Test (DAFT)[322]
* Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN)[323]
* Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI)[324]
* Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame Extinguishment Experiment (MDCA-FLEX)[325]
* Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME)[326]
* Space Communications and Navigation Testbed (SCAN Testbed)[327]
* Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments (SEITE)[328]
* Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX)[329]
* Serial Network Flow Monitor (SNFM)[330]

#### Spacecraft and orbital environments

* Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2 (ANDE-2)[331]
* Ram Burn Observations (RAMBO)[332]
* Space Test Program-H2-Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (STP-H2-ANDE)[333]

#### Other experiments

* DEBris In Orbit Evaluator - 2 (DEBIE-2)[334]
* EuTEF Thermometer (EuTemp)[335]
* Earth Viewing Camera (EVC)[336]
* Activation and Test Downlink of HDTV System (JAXA-HDTV)[337]
* Particle Flux Demonstrator (Particle Flux)[338]
* Tribology Laboratory (TriboLab)[339]

### Earth and space science

[340]

#### Earth science

* Agricultural Camera (AgCam)[341]
* Crew Earth Observations (CEO)[342]
* Crew Earth Observations - International Polar Year (CEO-IPY)[343]
* ISS-RapidScat

#### Space science

* Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02)[344]
* Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)[345]

#### Other monitors and observatories from the field

* DOSimetry TELescopes (DOSTEL)[346]
* Flux (Phi) Probe EXperiment - Time resolved Measurement of Atomic Oxygen (FIPEX)[347]
* HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HREP-HICO)[348]
* HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) (HREP-RAIDS)[349]
* RaDI-N (RaDI-N)[350]

### ISS operations results

[351]

#### Crew-initiated science

* Science of Opportunity (Saturday Morning Science)[352]

#### Educational activities

* Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS)[353]
* Education - How Solar Cells Work (Education-Solar Cells)[354]
* International Space Station Inflight Education Downlinks (Inflight Education Downlinks)[355]

#### Environmental monitoring of ISS

* Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry (ALTEA-Dosi)[356]
* International Space Station Acoustic Measurement Program (ISS Acoustics)[357]

#### Medical monitoring of ISS crew members

* Clinical Nutrition Assessment of ISS Astronauts, SMO-016E (Clinical Nutrition Assessment)[358]

#### Spacecraft systems

* International Space Station Zero-Propellant Maneuver (ZPM) Demonstration (ZPM)[359]

#### Spacecraft and orbital environments

* Analysis of International Space Station Plasma Interaction (Plasma Interaction Model)[360]

#### Station development test objective

* Validation of On-Orbit Methodology for the Assessment of Cardiac Function and Changes in the Circulating Volume Using Ultrasound and Braslet-M Occlusion Cuffs, SDTO 17011 U/R (Braslet)[361]
* Component Repair Experiment - 1, SDTO 17012U (CRE-1)[362]
* Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U (SoRGE)[363]
* Solid State Lighting Module, SDTO 15008U (SSLM)[364]

#### Supplementary Medical Objective

* Periodic Fitness Evaluation with Oxygen Uptake Measurement (PFE-OUM)[365]

## ESA reported ISS research and science activity

Much like NASA and JAXA, ESA also conducted numerous experiments on the International Space Station.

## Energia RSC reported ISS research and science activity

[366]

### Human life research

[367]

* Sprut-MBI (ISS Experiment)[368]
* Parodont (ISS Experiment)[369]
* Cardio-ODNT (ISS Experiment)[370]
* Mass Transfer (ISS Experiment)[371]
* Prognos (ISS Experiment)[372]
* Brados (ISS Experiment)[373]
* Farma (ISS Experiment)[374]
* Poligen (ISS Experiment)[375]
* Diurez (ISS Experiment)[376]
* Biotest (ISS Experiment)[377]
* Biotest-1 (ISS Experiment)[378]
* Profilaktika (ISS Experiment)[379]
* Pulse (ISS Experiment)[380]
* BIMS (ISS Experiment)[381]
* Biorisk (ISS Experiment)[382]
* Rastenia-2 (ISS Experiment)[383]
* Pilot (ISS Experiment)[384]
* Intercellular Interaction (ISS Experiment)[385]
* Gematologia (ISS Experiment)[386]
* Plasmida (ISS Experiment)[387]
* Statokonia (ISS Experiment)[388]
* Regeneratsia (ISS Experiment)[389]
* Akvarium (ISS Experiment)[390]
* Sonokard (ISS Experiment)[391]
* Vzaimodeystviye (ISS Experiment)[392]
* Dykhanie (ISS Experiment)[393]
* Pneumocard (ISS Experiment)[394]
* Rastenia (ISS Experiment)[395]
* Tipologia (ISS Experiment)[396]

### Geophysical research

[397]

* Uragan (ISS Experiment)[398]
* Relaksatsia (ISS Experiment)[399]
* Molnyia-SM (ISS Experiment)[400]
* Vsplesk (ISS Experiment)[401]
* Impuls (ISS Experiment)[402]
* Plazma-Progress (ISS Experiment)[403]
* Plazma-MKS (ISS Experiment)[404]
* Ten'-Mayak (ISS Experiment)[405]

### Earth resources sensing

[406]

* Diatomeya (ISS Experiment)[407]
* Volny (ISS Experiment)[408]
* Rusalka (ISS Experiment)[409]
* Seiner (ISS Experiment)[410]
* Ekon (ISS Experiment)[411]

### Space biotechnology

[412]

* CPCF-2 (ISS Experiment)[413]
* Mimetik-K (ISS Experiment)[414]
* Biodegradation (ISS Experiment)[415]
* Conjugation (ISS Experiment)[416]
* MSK (ISS Experiment)[417]
* KAF (ISS Experiment)[418]
* Vaktsina-K (ISS Experiment)[419]
* Bioekologia (ISS Experiment)[420]
* Interleukin-K (ISS Experiment)[421]
* Bioemulsia (ISS Experiment)[422]
* Glikoproteid (ISS Experiment)[423]
* Biotrek (ISS Experiment)[424]
* Antigen (ISS Experiment)[425]
* Lactolen (ISS Experiment)[426]
* ARIL (ISS Experiment)[427]
* OChB (ISS Experiment)[428]
* Astrovaktsina (ISS Experiment)[429]
* Zhenshen-2 (ISS Experiment)[430]
* Kaskad (ISS Experiment)[431]
* BIF (ISS Experiment)[432]
* Bakteriofag (ISS Experiment)[433]
* Structura (ISS Experiment)[434]
* Konstanta (ISS Experiment)[435]

### Technical research

[436]

* Tenzor (ISS Experiment)[437]
* Iskazhenye (ISS Experiment)[438]
* Privyazka (ISS Experiment)[439]
* Identificatsia (ISS Experiment)[440]
* Izgib (ISS Experiment)[441]
* Infrazvuk-M (ISS Experiment)[442]
* Meteoroid (ISS Experiment)[443]
* Vektor-T (ISS Experiment)[444]
* Scorpion (ISS Experiment)[445]
* Kromka (ISS Experiment)[446]
* Acoustika-M (ISS Experiment)[447]
* Toksichnost (ISS Experiment)[448]
* Radioskaf (ISS Experiment)[449]
* Sreda-MKS (ISS Experiment)[450]
* Infotekh (ISS Experiment)[451]
* Kontur (ISS Experiment)[452]
* Veterok (ISS Experiment)[453]
* BAR (ISS Experiment)[454]
* Expert (ISS Experiment)[455]
* Cold Atom Laboratory

### Contract activities

[456]

* GTS (ISS Experiment)[457]
* GTS-2 (ISS Experiment)[458]
* Vzglyad (ISS Experiment)[459]
* Biosfera (ISS Experiment)[460]
* LEGO (ISS Experiment)[461]
* Popular Mechanics (ISS Experiment)[462]
* MPAC & SEED (ISS Experiment)[463]
* HDTV (ISS Experiment)[464]
* Starmail (ISS Experiment)[465]
* GCF-JAXA (ISS Experiment)[466]
* ROKVISS (ISS Experiment)[467]
* Neurocog (ISS Experiment)[468]
* Cardiocog (ISS Experiment)[469]
* Neurocog-3 (ISS Experiment)[470]
* 3DPC (ISS Experiment)[471]
* 3DPC-2 (ISS Experiment)[472]
* SCN (ISS Experiment)[473]
* Cardiocog-4 (ISS Experiment)[474]
* NOA (ISS Experiment)[475]
* IMMUNO (ISS Experiment)[476]
* Golf (ISS Experiment)[477]
* Myocite (ISS Experiment)[478]
* Stroma (ISS Experiment)[479]
* Amphybody (ISS Experiment)[480]
* Tubul (ISS Experiment)[481]
* MIA (ISS Experiment)[482]
* NKA (ISS Experiment)[483]
* Bioculture (ISS Experiment)[484]
* Altcriss (ISS Experiment)[485]
* Cult (ISS Experiment)[486]
* Sample-LDM (ISS Experiment)[487]
* AT-SPACE (ISS Experiment)[488]
* BIOKIN 4 (ISS Experiment)[489]
* PKINASE (ISS Experiment)[490]
* EXPOSE-R (ISS Experiment)[491]
* Pille-Simonyi-2 (ISS Experiment)[492]
* Sample (ISS Experiment)[493]

### Study of cosmic rays

[494]

* Platan (ISS Experiment)[495]
* BTN-Neutron (ISS Experiment)[496]
* Matryoshka-R (ISS Experiment)[497]

### Educational and humanitarian projects

[498]

* Kolibry Project (ISS Experiment)[499]
* Konstructor Project (ISS Experiment)[500]
* MATI-75 (ISS Experiment)[501]
* MAI-75 (ISS Experiment)[502]
* Fizika-Obrazovanie (ISS Experiment)[503]

### Space technology and material science

[504]

* SVS (ISS Experiment)[505]
* Kristallizator (ISS Experiment)[506]
* PKE Nefedov plasma crystal experiment[507][508] (joint Russian-German experiment, 1998 - 2004)
* PK-3 Plus plasma crystal experiment[509][510][511] (joint Russian-German experiment)

### Foreign programs

[512]

## Other

In May 2011, Space Shuttle Endeavour mission STS-134 carried 13 Lego kits to the ISS, where astronauts built models and saw how they reacted in microgravity, as part of the Lego Bricks in Space program. The results were shared with schools as part of an educational project.[513][514]

* Planned:
* OPALS

## References

1. ↑ "International Space Station Overview". ShuttlePressKit.com. 3 June 1999. http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/ISS_OVR/index.htm.
2. ↑ International Space Station Overview Research and On-Orbit Facilities Non-Partner Participation
3. ↑ "NASA Authorization Act 2005". United States Government Printing Office. 30 December 2005. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ155.109.pdf.
4. ↑ Jay Buckey (23 February 2006). Space Physiology. Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 978-0-19-513725-5.
5. ↑ List Grossman (24 July 2009). "Ion engine could one day power 39-day trips to Mars". New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17476-ion-engine-could-one-day-power-39day-trips-to-mars.html?full=true.
6. ↑ Boen, Brooke (1 May 2009). "Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM)". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/ADUM.html.
7. ↑ Sishir Rao (2008). "A Pilot Study of Comprehensive Ultrasound Education at the Wayne State University School of Medicine". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 27 (5): 745–749. doi:10.7863/jum.2008.27.5.745. PMID 18424650.
8. ↑ Michael Fincke (2004). "Evaluation of Shoulder Integrity in Space: First Report of Musculoskeletal US on the International Space Station". Radiology 234 (2): 319–322. doi:10.1148/radiol.2342041680. PMID 15533948. http://radiology.rsna.org/content/234/2/319.abstract.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Fields of Research". NASA. 26 June 2007. http://pdlprod3.hosc.msfc.nasa.gov/A-fieldsresearch/index.html.
10. ↑ "Materials Science 101". Science@NASA. 15 September 1999. https://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/msad15sep99_1.htm.
11. ↑ NASA.gov . Retrieved 9 December
12. ↑ International Space Station Facilities Research in Space 2013 and Beyond
13. ↑ NASA.gov Facilities List by Discipline Emphasis Summary - NASA
14. ↑ Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the Space Station Logistics Carrier (ELC)
15. ↑ "NICER News". NASA. 2018-05-26. https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/nicer/news/nicer_whatsnew.html.
16. ↑ "Neutron-star Interior Composition ExploreR". 2018-05-26. http://spaceflight101.com/dragon-spx11/nicer/.
17. ↑ Glenn Research Center (NASA)
18. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_1)
19. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_2A)
20. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_3A)
21. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_4)
22. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_5)
23. ↑ (EXPRESS_Rack_6)
24. ↑ Human Research Facility 2 (HRF-2)
25. ↑ Experiment Facilities onboard [sic] Kibo’s Pressurized Module (PM):Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA . Kibo.jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
26. ↑ Ryutai Experiment Rack (Ryutai)
27. ↑ Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) - JAXA
28. ↑ Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) - JAXA
29. ↑ Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF) - JAXA
30. ↑ Image Processing Unit (IPU) - JAXA
31. ↑ Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) - JAXA
32. ↑ Saibo Experiment Rack (Saibo)
33. ↑ Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF)
34. ↑ Clean Bench (CB)
35. ↑ Biological Experiment Unit (BEU) - JAXA
36. ↑ High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV) - JAXA
37. ↑ Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES) - JAXA
38. ↑ Specification of JAXA Holter ECG
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Payload Laptop Terminal (PLT) Microgravity Measurement Apparatus (MMA) Utility DC/DC Converter Unit (UDC):Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA . Kibo.jaxa.jp (2009-10-16). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
40. ↑ Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility (JEM-EF)
41. ↑ Actiwatch (Actiwatch)
42. ↑ BioServe Culture Apparatus (BCA)
43. ↑ Biological Research in Canisters for OptiCells (BRIC-Opti)
44. ↑ Human Research Facility Continuous Blood Pressure Device (CBPD)
45. ↑ NASA - Hand Grip Dynamometer?Pinch Force Dynamometer (HGD-PFD). Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
46. ↑ Human Research Facility Holter Monitor (Holter)
47. ↑ Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tube (KFT)
48. ↑ Portable Clinical Blood Analyzer - i-STAT (PCBA)
49. ↑ Radiation Area Monitor (RAM)
50. ↑ Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC)
51. ↑ Urine Monitoring System (UMS)
52. ↑ "NASA - Veg-03" (in en). https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1294.html.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 NASA - Facilities List by Hardware Type
54. ↑ Advanced Biological Research System
55. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility
56. ↑ ARCTIC Refrigerator-Freezer (ARCTIC)
57. ↑ Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller (BSTC)
58. ↑ Biotechnology Temperature Refrigerator (BTR)
59. ↑ Boiling Experiment Facility (BXF) - NASA
60. ↑ Clean Bench (CB) - NASA
61. ↑ Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) - NASA
62. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA)- NASA
63. ↑ Commercial Plant Biotechnology Facility (CPBF) - NASA
64. ↑ Commercial Refrigerator Incubator Module - Modified (CRIM-M) - NASA
65. ↑ European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) - NASA
66. ↑ Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) - NASA
67. ↑ Flywheel Exercise Device (FWED) - NASA
68. ↑ Image Processing Unit (IPU) - NASA
69. ↑ Mice Drawer System Facility (MDS_Facility) - NASA
70. ↑ Microgravity Vibration Isolation Subsystem (MVIS) - NASA
71. ↑ Portable Astroculture Chamber (PASC) - NASA
72. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth - Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) - NASA
73. ↑ Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF) - NASA
74. ↑ Pulmonary Function System (PFS) - NASA
75. ↑ Portable Glovebox (PGB) - NASA
76. ↑ Refrigerated Centrifuge (RC) - NASA
77. ↑ Solution Crystallization Observation Facility (SCOF) - NASA
78. ↑ Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD) - NASA
79. ↑ Human Research Facility Ultrasound on the International Space Station (Ultrasound) - NASA
80. ↑ Autonomous Biological System
81. ↑ ADvanced Space Experiment Processor
82. ↑ Astro_Garden
83. ↑ Biological Research in Canisters
84. ↑ Cell Culturing
85. ↑ Group Activation Pack - Fluid Processing Apparatus
86. ↑ Granada Crystallization Facility
87. ↑ Avian Development Facility
88. ↑ Animal Enclosure Module
89. ↑ General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator
90. ↑ Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator
91. ↑ T-Cell Growth System
92. ↑ Space Saving
93. ↑ Biotube
94. ↑ Kennedy Space Center Gaseous Nitrogen Freezer
95. ↑ JAXA | Space Environment Utilization and Space Experiment. Jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
96. ↑ Experiment - Kibo Japanese Experimental Module - JAXA . Kibo.jaxa.jp. Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
97. ↑ List of Kibo experiments by theme and/or facility
98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 JAXA, Current Status of Research Themes for Kibo First Phase Utilization, http://kibo.jaxa.jp/en/experiment/theme/first/
99. ↑ Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection Marangoni Exp/MEIS (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
100. ↑ Spatio-temporal Flow Structure in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni UVP/MaranGoniat) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
101. ↑ Experimental Assessment of Dynamic Surface Deformation Effects in Transition to Oscillatory Thermo capillary Flow in Liquid Bridge of High Prandtl Number Fluid (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
102. ↑ Pattern Formation during Ice Crystal Growth (Ice Crystal) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
103. ↑ Investigation on Mechanism of Faceted Cellular Array Growth (Facet) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
104. ↑ Gene expression of p53-regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells after Exposure to Space Environment (Rad Gene) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
105. ↑ Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
106. ↑ Integrated Assessment of Long-term Cosmic Radiation Through Biological Responses of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, in Space (Rad Silk) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
107. ↑ Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene Expression in Roots Grown under Microgravity Conditions (Hydro Tropi) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
108. ↑ Life Cycle of Higher Plants under Microgravity Conditions (Space Seed) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
109. ↑ Regulation by Gravity of Ferulate Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Seedlings (Ferulate) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
110. ↑ High Quality Protein Crystallization Research (HQPC) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
111. ↑ Passive Dosimeter for Life Science Experiments in Space (PADLES) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
112. ↑ High Definition TeleVision transmitting system (HDTV) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
113. ↑ Current Status of Research Themes for Kibo First Phase Utilization - JAXA
114. ↑ Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
115. ↑ Space Poem Chain (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
116. ↑ Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
117. ↑ Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload (SEDA-AP) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
118. ↑ Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder (SMILES) (ISS Experiment) - JAXA
119. ↑ NASA - NASA - Space Station Science. Nasa.gov (2010-07-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
120. ↑ Human Research and Countermeasure Development for Exploration - NASA
121. ↑ Effect of Prolonged Space Flight on Human Skeletal Muscle (Biopsy) - NASA
122. ↑ Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight Induced Bone Loss (Bisphosphonates) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
123. ↑ Commercial Biomedical Testing Module: Effects of Osteoprotegerin on Bone Maintenance in Microgravity (CBTM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
124. ↑ Commercial Biomedical Test Module - 2 (CBTM-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
125. ↑ Foot Reaction Forces During Space Flight (Foot) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
126. ↑ Effects of Altered Gravity on Spinal Cord Excitability (H-Reflex) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
127. ↑ Hand Posture Analyzer (HPA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
128. ↑ Renal Stone Risk During Spaceflight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation (Renal_Stone) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
129. ↑ Spinal Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment (Spinal_Elongation) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
130. ↑ Subregional Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-term Space Flight (Subregional_Bone) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
131. ↑ Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from ISS (CCISS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
132. ↑ Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Integrated_Cardiovascular) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
133. ↑ Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Long (Midodrine-Long) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
134. ↑ Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure Against Post-flight Orthostatic Hypotension - Short Duration Biological Investigation (Midodrine-SDBI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
135. ↑ The Effects of EVA and Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity on Pulmonary Function (PuFF) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
136. ↑ Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration International Space Station Missions (VO2max) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
137. ↑ Effect of Microgravity on the Peripheral Subcutaneous Veno-Arteriolar Reflex in Humans (Xenon1) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
138. ↑ IntraVenous Fluid GENeration for Exploration Missions (ISS Experiment) (IVGEN) - NASA
139. ↑ Stability of Pharmacotherapeutic and Nutritional Compounds (Stability) (ISS Experiment)- NASA
140. ↑ Bodies In the Space Environment: Relative Contributions of Internal and External Cues to Self - Orientation, During and After Zero Gravity Exposure (BISE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
141. ↑ Crewmember and Crew-Ground Interaction During International Space Station Missions (Interactions) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
142. ↑ Behavioral Issues Associated with Isolation and Confinement: Review and Analysis of ISS Crew Journals (Journals) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
143. ↑ Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Long (Sleep-Long) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
144. ↑ Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight-Short (Sleep-Short) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
145. ↑ Human Factors Assessment of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch (Visual_Performance) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
146. ↑ Differentiation of Bone Marrow Macrophages in Space (BONEMAC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
147. ↑ Cell Culture Module - Immune Response of Human Monocytes in Microgravity (CCM-Immune_Response) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
148. ↑ Cell Culture Module - Effect of Microgravity on Wound Repair: In Vitro Model of New Blood Vessel Development (CCM-Wound_Repair) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
149. ↑ Space Flight Induced Reactivation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus (Epstein-Barr) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
150. ↑ Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function (Integrated_Immune) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
151. ↑ Incidence of Latent Virus Shedding During Space Flight (Latent_Virus) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
152. ↑ Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
153. ↑ Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
154. ↑ Dietary Intake Can Predict and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism during Spaceflight and Recovery (Pro_K) - NASA
155. ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
156. ↑ ELaboratore Immagini TElevisive - Space 2 (ELITE-S2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
157. ↑ Promoting Sensorimotor Response Generalizability: A Countermeasure to Mitigate Locomotor Dysfunction After Long-Duration Space Flight (Mobility) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
158. ↑ Bioavailability and Performance Effects of Promethazine During Space Flight (PMZ) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
159. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System (ALTEA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
160. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield (ALTEA-Shield) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
161. ↑ Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
162. ↑ Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (Chromosome) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
163. ↑ Dosimetric Mapping (DOSMAP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
164. ↑ A Study of Radiation Doses Experienced by Astronauts in EVA (EVARM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
165. ↑ Organ Dose Measurement Using the Phantom Torso (Torso) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
166. ↑ Mental Representation of Spatial Cues During Space Flight (3D-Space) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
167. ↑ Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment (Card) - NASA
168. ↑ Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Peripheral Lymphocytes of ISS Crewmembers (Chromosome-2) - NASA
169. ↑ Astronaut's Energy Requirements for Long-Term Space Flight (Energy) (ISS Experiment)- NASA
170. ↑ Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in Humans During and After Long Term Stay at ISS (Immuno) (ISS Experiment)- NASA
171. ↑ Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to G-Transitions (MOP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
172. ↑ Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight (Mus) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
173. ↑ Otolith Assessment During Postflight Re-adaptation (Otolith) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
174. ↑ Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space ( ) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
175. ↑ Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station (Reaction_Self_Test) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
176. ↑ Study of Microbial Communities Exposed to Weightlessness (Sample) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
177. ↑ SOdium LOading in Microgravity (SOLO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
178. ↑ Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight (Spin) - NASA
179. ↑ Test of Reaction and Adaptation Capabilities (TRAC)(ISS Experiment) - NASA
180. ↑ Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space Flight (Zag) - NASA
181. ↑ Physical and Biological Sciences in Microgravity - NASA
182. ↑ Fungal Pathogenesis, Tumorigenesis, and Effects of Host Immunity in Space (FIT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
183. ↑ Mice Drawer System (MDS)
184. ↑ NASA's New Rodent Residence Elevates Research To Greater Heights
185. ↑ NASA.gov Avian Development Facility - Development and Function of the Avian Otolith System in Normal Altered Gravity Environments (ADF-Otolith) (ISS Experiment) - NASA]
186. ↑ Avian Development Facility - Skeletal Development in Embryonic Quail (ADF-Skeletal) (ISS Experiment)- NASA
187. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Human Renal Cortical Cell Differentiation and Hormone Production (CBOSS-01-02-Renal) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
188. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Use of NASA Bioreactor to Study Cell Cycle Regulation: Mechanisms of Colon Carcinoma Metastasis in Microgravity (CBOSS-01-Colon (ISS Experiment)) - NASA
189. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Evaluation of Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Gene Expression (CBOSS-01-Ovarian) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
190. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells - A Proven Model System for Optimizing 3-D Cell Culture Biotechnology in Space (CBOSS-01-PC12) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
191. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Production of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Mammalian Cells (CBOSS-02-Erythropoietin) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
192. ↑ Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: The Effect of Microgravity on the Immune Function of Human Lymphoid Tissue (CBOSS-02-HLT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
193. ↑ Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support Systems: Fluid Dynamics Investigation (CBOSS-FDI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
194. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Antibiotic Production in Space (CGBA-APS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
195. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Kidney Cell Gene Expression (CGBA-KCGE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
196. ↑ Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus - Synaptogenesis in Microgravity (CGBA-SM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
197. ↑ Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System (MEPS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
198. ↑ StelSys Liver Cell Function Research (StelSys) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
199. ↑ Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - A (TripleLux-A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
200. ↑ Gene, Immune and Cellular Responses to Single and Combined Space Flight Conditions - B (TripleLux-B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
201. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (26 August 2020). "Bacteria from Earth can survive in space and could endure the trip to Mars, according to new study". CNN News. https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/26/world/earth-mars-bacteria-space-scn/index.html.
202. ↑ Kawaguchi, Yuko (26 August 2020). "DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space". Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 2050. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02050. PMID 32983036.
203. ↑ Microbial Drug Resistance Virulence (MDRV) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
204. ↑ Effect of Spaceflight on Microbial Gene Expression and Virulence (Microbe) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
205. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells (NLP-Cells) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
206. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1A (NLP-Vaccine-1A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
207. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1B (NLP-Vaccine-1B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
208. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 1C (NLP-Vaccine-1C) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
209. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 2 (NLP-Vaccine-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
210. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 3 (NLP-Vaccine-3) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
211. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 4 (NLP-Vaccine-4) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
212. ↑ National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 5 (NLP-Vaccine-5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
213. ↑ Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems (POEMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
214. ↑ Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space (SPEGIS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
215. ↑ Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft Environment (SWAB) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
216. ↑ Yeast-Group Activation Packs (Yeast-GAP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
217. ↑ Advanced AstrocultureTM (ADVASC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
218. ↑ Biomass Production System (BPS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
219. ↑ Cambium (Cambium) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
220. ↑ Cell Wall/Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under Microgravity Conditions and Resist Wall/Role of Microtubule-Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Gravity Resistance in Plants (CWRW) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
221. ↑ Gravity Related Genes in Arabidopsis - A (Genara-A) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
222. ↑ Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing (Gravi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
223. ↑ Threshold Acceleration for Gravisensing - 2 (Gravi-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
224. ↑ Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight Resources (Lada-VPU-P3R) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
225. ↑ Molecular and Plant Physiological Analyses of the Microgravity Effects on Multigeneration Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana (Multigen) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
226. ↑ National Laboratory Pathfinder - Cells - 3: Jatropha Biofuels (NLP-Cells-3) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
227. ↑ The Optimization of Root Zone Substrates (ORZS) for Reduced Gravity Experiments Program (ORZS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
228. ↑ Photosynthesis Experiment and System Testing and Operation (PESTO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
229. ↑ Plant Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (PGBA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
230. ↑ Transgenic Arabidopsis Gene Expression System (TAGES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
231. ↑ Analysis of a Novel Sensory Mechanism in Root Phototropism (Tropi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
232. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Extraordinary Structural Features of Antibodies from Camelids (APCF-Camelids) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
233. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Solution Flows and Molecular Disorder of Protein Crystals: Growth of High Quality Crystals, Motions of Lumazin Crystals and Growth of Ferritin Crystals (APCF-Crystal_Growth) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
234. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Effect of Different Growth Conditions on the Quality of Thaumatin and Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Crystals Grown in Microgravity (APCF-Crystal_Quality) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
235. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Microgravity (APCF-Lipoprotein) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
236. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Testing New Trends in Microgravity Protein Crystallization (APCF-Lysozyme) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
237. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of the Next Generation of Octarellins (APCF-Octarellins) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
238. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Protein Crystallization in Microgravity, Collagen Model (X-Y-Gly) Polypeptides - the case of (Pro-Pro-Gly) 10 (APCF-PPG10) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
239. ↑ Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Rhodopsin in Microgravity (APCF-Rhodopsin) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
240. ↑ Commercial Protein Crystal Growth - High Density (CPCG-H) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
241. ↑ Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth (DCPCG) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
242. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (PCG-EGN) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
243. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved Diffraction Quality of Crystals (PCG-STES-IDQC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
244. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Integral Membrane Protein Using Microgravity (PCG-STES-IMP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
245. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Synchrotron Based Mosaicity Measurements of Crystal Quality and Theoretical Modeling (PCG-STES-MM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
246. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Crystallization of the Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport Proteins (PCG-STES-MMTP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
247. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System - Crystal Growth Model System for Material Science (PCG-STES-MS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
248. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Engineering a Ribozyme for Diffraction Properties (PCG-STES-RDP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
249. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Regulation of Gene Expression (PCG-STES-RGE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
250. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Science and Applications of Facility Hardware for Protein Crystal Growth (PCG-STES-SA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
251. ↑ Protein Crystal Growth-Single Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Vapor Equilibrium Kinetics Studies (PCG-STES-VEKS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
252. ↑ Dome Gene Experiment (DomeGene) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
253. ↑ Exposure Experiment (Expose) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
254. ↑ Fischer Rat Thyroid Low Serum 5% (FRTL5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
255. ↑ High Quality Protein Crystallization (HQPC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
256. ↑ Detection of Changes in LOH Profile of TK mutants of Human Cultured Cells (LOH) - Gene Expression of p53-Regulated Genes in Mammalian Cultured Cells After Exposure to Space Environment (LOH-RadGene) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
257. ↑ Effects of Microgravity on the Haemopoietic System: A Study on Neocytolysis (Neocytolysis) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
258. ↑ PAthway DIfferent ACtivators (PADIAC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
259. ↑ ROle of Apoptosis in Lymphocyte Depression (ROALD) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
260. ↑ Study of Space Environment Effects on PY17 Bacterial Spores onboard [sic] Space Shuttle (Spore) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
261. ↑ Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots at Different g-levels (WAICO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
262. ↑ Physical and Biological Sciences in Microgravity - NASA
263. ↑ NASA.gov
264. ↑ Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment (SPICE) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
265. ↑ Capillary Flow Experiment (CFE)- (ISS Experiment) - NASA
266. ↑ DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - High Temperature Insert (DECLIC-HTI) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
267. ↑ Fluid Merging Viscosity Measurement (FMVM) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
268. ↑ Miscible Fluids in Microgravity (MFMG) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
269. ↑ Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment (SHERE) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
270. ↑ Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Influence of VIbrations on DIffusion of Liquids (SODI-IVIDIL) - (ISS Experiment) - NASA
271. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3 and 4: Critical Point (BCAT-3-4-CP) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
272. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Binary Alloys (BCAT-3-BA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
273. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3: Surface Crystallization (BCAT-3-SC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
274. ↑ Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4: Polydispersion (BCAT-4-Poly) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
275. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Three-Dimensional Melt (BCAT-5-3D-Melt) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
276. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Compete (BCAT-5-Compete) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
277. ↑ Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase Separation (BCAT-5-PhaseSep) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
278. ↑ Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures-2 (CSLM-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
279. ↑ DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert (DECLIC-DSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
280. ↑ EXPRESS Physics of Colloids in Space (EXPPCS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
281. ↑ Viscous Liquid Foam - Bulk Metallic Glass (Foam) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
282. ↑ Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions (InSPACE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
283. ↑ Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2 (InSPACE-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
284. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 1 and 2 (MISSE-1_and_2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
285. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 3 and 4 (MISSE-3_and_4) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
286. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 5 (MISSE-5) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
287. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 6A and 6B (MISSE-6A_and_6B) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
288. ↑ Materials International Space Station Experiment - 7 (MISSE-7) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
289. ↑ Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MSL-CETSOL_and_MICAST) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
290. ↑ Toward Understanding Pore Formation and Mobility During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment (PFMI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
291. ↑ Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument - Aggregation of Colloidal Solutions (SODI-Colloid) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
292. ↑ Space-Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System (SpaceDRUMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
293. ↑ Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules (SUBSA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
294. ↑ Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
295. ↑ and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability (FASES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
296. ↑ Simulation of Geophysical Fluid Flow Under Microgravity (Geoflow) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
297. ↑ Chaos, Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection (Marangoni) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
298. ↑ NASA - Technology . Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
299. ↑ Active Rack Isolation System - ISS Characterization Experiment (ARIS-ICE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
300. ↑ Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
301. ↑ Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
302. ↑ Analyzing Interferometer for Ambient Air (ANITA) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
303. ↑ Electronic Nose (ENose) (ISS Experiment) - NASA[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
304. ↑ Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
305. ↑ Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System - Exploration (LOCAD-PTS-Exploration) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
306. ↑ Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) ISS Experiment - NASA
307. ↑ Avatar Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the ISS (Avatar_Explore) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
308. ↑ Avatar - Explore (ISS Experiment) - Canadian Space Agency
309. ↑ Dual RF Astrodynamic GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite (DRAGONSat) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
310. ↑ Middeck Active Control Experiment-II (MACE-II) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
311. ↑ Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
312. ↑ Space Test Program-H2-Microelectromechanical System-Based (MEMS) PICOSAT Inspector (STP-H2-MEPSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
313. ↑ Space Test Program-H2-Radar Fence Transponder (STP-H2-RAFT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
314. ↑ Elastic Memory Composite Hinge (EMCH) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
315. ↑ In Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
316. ↑ Pico-Satellite Solar Cell Experiment (PSSC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
317. ↑ Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
318. ↑ RIGEX summary - NASA
319. ↑ DTIC paper on RIGEX
320. ↑ Boiling eXperiment Facility - Microheater Array Boiling Experiment (BXF-MABE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
321. ↑ Boiling eXperiment Facility - Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment (BXF-NPBX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
322. ↑ Dust and Aerosol Measurement Feasibility Test (DAFT) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
323. ↑ Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
324. ↑ Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
325. ↑ Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame Extinguishment Experiment (MDCA-FLEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
326. ↑ Smoke and Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
327. ↑ Space Communications and Navigation Testbed (SCAN_Testbed) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
328. ↑ Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments (SEITE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
329. ↑ Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
330. ↑ Serial Network Flow Monitor (SNFM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
331. ↑ Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2 (ANDE-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
332. ↑ Ram Burn Observations (RAMBO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
333. ↑ Space Test Program-H2-Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (STP-H2-ANDE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
334. ↑ DEBris In Orbit Evaluator - 2 (DEBIE-2) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
335. ↑ EuTEF Thermometer (EuTemp) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
336. ↑ Earth Viewing Camera (EVC) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
337. ↑ Activation and Test Downlink of HDTV System (JAXA-HDTV) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
338. ↑ Particle Flux Demonstrator (Particle_Flux) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
339. ↑ Tribology Laboratory (TriboLab) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
340. ↑ NASA - Observing the Earth and Educational Activities . Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
341. ↑ Agricultural Camera (AgCam) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
342. ↑ Crew Earth Observations (CEO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
343. ↑ Crew Earth Observations - International Polar Year (CEO-IPY) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
344. ↑ Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
345. ↑ Escobedo, V.M. Jr. (2018-05-23). "Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1966.html.
346. ↑ DOSimetry TELescopes (DOSTEL) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
347. ↑ Flux (Phi) Probe EXperiment - Time resolved Measurement of Atomic Oxygen (FIPEX) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
348. ↑ HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HREP-HICO) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
349. ↑ HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) (HREP-RAIDS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
350. ↑ RaDI-N (RaDI-N) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
351. ↑ NASA - Results from ISS Operations . Nasa.gov (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
352. ↑ Science of Opportunity (Saturday_Morning_Science) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
353. ↑ Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
354. ↑ Education - How Solar Cells Work (Education-Solar_Cells) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
355. ↑ International Space Station Inflight Education Downlinks (Inflight_Education_Downlinks) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
356. ↑ Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry (ALTEA-Dosi) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
357. ↑ International Space Station Acoustic Measurement Program (ISS_Acoustics) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
358. ↑ Clinical Nutrition Assessment of ISS Astronauts, SMO-016E (Clinical_Nutrition_Assessment) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
359. ↑ International Space Station Zero-Propellant Maneuver (ZPM) Demonstration (ZPM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
360. ↑ Analysis of International Space Station Plasma Interaction (Plasma_Interaction_Model) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
361. ↑ Validation of On-Orbit Methodology for the Assessment of Cardiac Function and Changes in the Circulating Volume Using Ultrasound and Braslet-M Occlusion Cuffs, SDTO 17011 U/R (Braslet) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
362. ↑ Component Repair Experiment - 1, SDTO 17012U (CRE-1) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
363. ↑ Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U (SoRGE) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
364. ↑ Solid State Lighting Module, SDTO 15008U (SSLM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
365. ↑ Periodic Fitness Evaluation with Oxygen Uptake Measurement (PFE-OUM) (ISS Experiment) - NASA
366. ↑ S.P. Korolev RSC Energia - International Space Station . Energia.ru (2000-11-02). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
367. ↑ "Human Life Research on ISS Russian Segment - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/all.html.
368. ↑ Sprut-MBI (ISS Experiment)] - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia
369. ↑ "Parodont (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/02.html.
370. ↑ "Cardio-ODNT (ISS Experiment)- S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/03.html.
371. ↑ "Mass Transfer (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/04.html.
372. ↑ "Prognos (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/05.html.
373. ↑ "Brados (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/06.html.
374. ↑ "Farma (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/07.html.
375. ↑ "Poligen (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/08.html.
376. ↑ Diurez (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
377. ↑ "Biotest (ISS Experiment)- S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/14.html.
378. ↑ "Biotest-1 (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/21.html.
379. ↑ "Profilaktika (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/15.html.
380. ↑ "Pulse (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/22.html.
381. ↑ "BIMS (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/79.html.
382. ↑ "Biorisk (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/23.html.
383. ↑ Rastenia-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
384. ↑ "Pilot (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/30.html.
385. ↑ "Intercellular Interaction (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/31.html.
386. ↑ "Gematologia (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/32.html.
387. ↑ "Plasmida (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/42.html.
388. ↑ "Statokonia (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/56.html.
389. ↑ "Regeneratsia (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/57.html.
390. ↑ "Akvarium (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/72.html.
391. ↑ "Sonokard (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/81.html.
392. ↑ "Vzaimodeystviye (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/86.html.
393. ↑ "Dykhanie (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/78.html.
394. ↑ "Pneumocard (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/77.html.
395. ↑ "Rastenia (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/97.html.
396. ↑ "Tipologia (ISS Experiment) - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/98.html.
397. ↑ "Geophysical Research - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/all.html.
398. ↑ "Uragan (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/01.html.
399. ↑ "Relaksatsia (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/04.html.
400. ↑ "Molnyia-SM (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/05.html.
401. ↑ "Vsplesk (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/11.html.
402. ↑ "Impuls (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/16.html.
403. ↑ "Plazma-Progress (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/13.html.
404. ↑ "Plazma-MKS (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/10.html.
405. ↑ "Ten’-Mayak (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/12.html.
406. ↑ "Earth Resources Sensing - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/priroda/all.html.
407. ↑ "Diatomeya (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/priroda/01.html.
408. ↑ "Volny (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/priroda/03.html.
409. ↑ "Rusalka (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/priroda/05.html.
410. ↑ "Seiner (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/priroda/06.html.
411. ↑ "Ekon (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/08.html.
412. ↑ "Space Biotechnology - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/all.html.
413. ↑ "CPCF-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/01.html.
414. ↑ "Mimetik-K (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/03.html.
415. ↑ "Biodegradation (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/13.html.
416. ↑ "Conjugation (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/14.html.
417. ↑ "MSK (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/15.html.
418. ↑ "KAF (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/16.html.
419. ↑ "Vaktsina-K (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/17.html.
420. ↑ "Bioekologia (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/18.html.
421. ↑ "Interleukin-K (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/19.html.
422. ↑ "Bioemulsia (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/24.html.
423. ↑ "Glikoproteid (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/25.html.
424. ↑ "Biotrek (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/29.html.
425. ↑ "Antigen (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/30.html.
426. ↑ "Lactolen (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/31.html.
427. ↑ "ARIL (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/32.html.
428. ↑ OChB (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
429. ↑ "Astrovaktsina (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/34.html.
430. ↑ "Zhenshen-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/35.html.
431. ↑ "Kaskad (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/41.html.
432. ↑ "BIF (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/42.html.
433. ↑ "Bakteriofag (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/43.html.
434. ↑ "Structura (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/44.html.
435. ↑ "Konstanta (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/space-bio/45.html.
436. ↑ "Technical Research - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/all.html.
437. ↑ "Tenzor (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/03.html.
438. ↑ "Iskazhenye (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/06.html.
439. ↑ "Privyazka (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/05.html.
440. ↑ "Identificatsia (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/02.html.
441. ↑ "Izgib (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/04.html.
442. ↑ "Infrazvuk-M (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/07.html.
443. ↑ "Meteoroid (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/08.html.
444. ↑ "Vektor-T (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/09.html.
445. ↑ "Scorpion (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/10.html.
446. ↑ "Kromka (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/11.html.
447. ↑ "Acoustika-M (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/19.html.
448. ↑ "Toksichnost (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/20.html.
449. ↑ "Radioskaf (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/35.html.
450. ↑ "Sreda-MKS (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/36.html.
451. ↑ "Infotekh (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/37.html.
452. ↑ Kontur (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
453. ↑ "Veterok (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/techn/50.html.
454. ↑ "BAR (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/14.html.
455. ↑ "Expert (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/geophis/17.html.
456. ↑ "Contract Activities - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/all.html.
457. ↑ "GTS (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/01.html.
458. ↑ "GTS-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/32.html.
459. ↑ Vzglyad (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
460. ↑ "Biosfera (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/03.html.
461. ↑ "LEGO (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/04.html.
462. ↑ "Popular Mechanics (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/05.html.
463. ↑ "MPAC & SEED (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/06.html.
464. ↑ "HDTV (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/07.html.
465. ↑ "Starmail (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/08.html.
466. ↑ "GCF-JAXA (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/09.html.
467. ↑ "ROKVISS (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/10.html.
468. ↑ "Neurocog (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/12.html.
469. ↑ "Cardiocog (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/13.html.
470. ↑ "Neurocog-3 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/14.html.
471. ↑ "JAXA 3DPC (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/15.html.
472. ↑ JAXA 3DPC-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
473. ↑ "SCN (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/16.html.
474. ↑ "Cardiocog-4 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/17.html.
475. ↑ "NOA (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/18.html.
476. ↑ "IMMUNO (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/19.html.
477. ↑ "Golf (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/20.html.
478. ↑ "Myocite (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/21.html.
479. ↑ "Stroma (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/22.html.
480. ↑ "Amphybody (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/23.html.
481. ↑ "Tubul (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/24.html.
482. ↑ "MIA (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/25.html.
483. ↑ "NKA (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/26.html.
484. ↑ "Bioculture (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/27.html.
485. ↑ "Altcriss (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/28.html.
486. ↑ "Cult (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/29.html.
487. ↑ Sample-LDM (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
488. ↑ "AT-SPACE (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/35.html.
489. ↑ "BIOKIN 4 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/36.html.
490. ↑ "PKINASE (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/37.html.
491. ↑ "EXPOSE-R (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/38.html.
492. ↑ "Pille-Simonyi-2 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/works/39.html.
493. ↑ "Sample (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/medic/73.html.
494. ↑ "Study of Cosmic Rays - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/ray/all.html.
495. ↑ "Platan (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/ray/01.html.
496. ↑ "BTN-Neutron (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/ray/02.html.
497. ↑ Matryoshka-R (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
498. ↑ "Educational and Humanitarian Projects - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/education/all.html.
499. ↑ Kolibry Project (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»
500. ↑ "Konstructor Project (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/education/02.html.
501. ↑ "MATI-75 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/education/21.html.
502. ↑ "MAI-75 (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/education/26.html.
503. ↑ "Fizika-Obrazovanie (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/education/27.html.
504. ↑ "Space Technology and Material Science - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/materiology/all.html.
505. ↑ "SVS (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/materiology/01.html.
506. ↑ "Kristallizator (ISS Experiment) - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION «ENERGIA»". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/materiology/02.html.
507. ↑ PKE-Nefedov extended research programme Growth of particles under microgravity conditions - ESA
508. ↑ "PKE Nefedov - MPE". http://www2011.mpe.mpg.de/theory/plasma-crystal/PKE/PKE-Nefedov_e.html.
509. ↑ Plasma crystal research on the ISS (PK-3 Plus) - ESA
510. ↑ "PK-3 Plus - MPE". http://www2011.mpe.mpg.de/theory/plasma-crystal/PK3-Plus_e.html.
511. ↑ Plasma crystal research on the ISS (PK-3 Plus) - ESA
512. ↑ "Foreign Programs - S.P.Korolev RSC Energia". http://www.energia.ru/en/iss/researches/iss-researches.html.
513. ↑ Banks, Dave (2011-04-28). "Space Shuttle Endeavour Launches Tomorrow With a Special Payload". Wired News. https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2011/04/space-shuttle-endeavor-launches-tomorrow-with-a-special-payload/.
514. ↑ Eaton, Kit (2011-04-29). "Space Shuttle Endeavour: Made Of Spare Parts". Fast Company. http://www.fastcompany.com/1750642/space-shuttle-endeavour-the-spare-parts-spaceship.

## External links

* International Space Station Science Research Accomplishments During the Assembly Years: An Analysis of Results from 2000-2008 - NASA
* International Space Station (ISS) Research - from the ISS Program Scientist - NASA
* Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) - NASA NASA STI Program
* STS-131 Press Kit - NASA
* Experiment List - Alphabetical - NASA
* ISS Research Project - NASA
* International Space Station Science News
* International Space Station Science Research Accomplishments During the Assembly Years: An Analysis of Results from 2000-2008
* All Laboratories Are GO . . . for Research!
* Research in space: Facilities on the International Space Station
* VIDEO FROM IAC-2010: A decade of ISS research

* v
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Components of the International Space Station

Overview|

* Manufacturing
* Assembly
* US Orbital Segment
* Russian Orbital Segment
* Expeditions
* Spacewalks
* Uncrewed visits
* Program
* Scientific research
* Maintenance

Orbiting|

| Major
components|

* Zarya (Functional Cargo Block)
* Zvezda (Service Module)
* Destiny (laboratory)
* Columbus (laboratory)
* Kibō (PM, ELM-PS, EF)
* Unity (Node 1)
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* Leonardo (PMM)
* Cupola
* Integrated Truss Structure (ITS)
* Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM)

|

Subsystems|

* Mobile Servicing System (MSS) / Canadarm2
* Dextre (SPDM)
* Boom Assembly
* Strela cranes
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* ExPRESS Logistics Carriers (ELCs) 1-4
* Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs)
* International Docking Adapters (IDAs)
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Experimental
devices|

* AMS-02
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* CATS
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* HDEV
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* NICER
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Future|

| Planned|

* Bishop (airlock module)
* European Robotic Arm (ERA)
* Nauka (Multipurpose Laboratory Module)
* Prichal (Uzlovoy Module)
* Science Power Module (NEM-1)

|

Proposed|

* Node 4
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Spare
hardware|

* Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs)
* Kibō (ELM-ES)
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Cancelled|

* Propulsion Module
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Support
vehicles|

| Current|

* Cygnus
* Dragon
* Dragon 2
* H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
* Progress
* Soyuz

|

Future|

* Boeing CST-100 Starliner
* Dream Chaser Cargo System (DCCS)
* Orel (PPTS)

Former|

* Space Shuttle
* Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV)

Cancelled|

* NASDA HOPE-X
* ESA Hermes

Mission
control|

* MCC-H (NASA)
* TsUP (RKA)
* Col-CC (ESA)
* ATV-CC (ESA)
* JEM-CC (JAXA)
* HTV-CC (JAXA)
* MSS-CC (CSA)

Administrative|

* Multilateral Coordination Board
* Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
* Commercial Resupply Services
* Commercial Crew Development

* Book
* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Expeditions to the International Space Station

* See also: {{Crewed ISS flights}}
* {{Uncrewed ISS flights}}

2000–2004|

* Expedition 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10

International Space Station Patch

2005–2009|

* Expedition 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22

2010–2014|

* Expedition 23
* 24
* 25
* 26
* 27
* 28
* 29
* 30
* 31
* 32
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 36
* 37
* 38
* 39
* 40
* 41
* 42

2015–2019|

* Expedition 43
* 44
* 45
* 46
* 47
* 48
* 49
* 50
* 51
* 52
* 53
* 54
* 55
* 56
* 57
* 58
* 59
* 60
* 61

2020–|

* Expedition 62
* 63
* 64
* 65+

Related|

* List of spaceflights to the ISS
* List of ISS visitors
* crew

* Current expedition in bold
* Future expeditions in italics

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* Category
* List
* Portal

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific research on the International Space Station. Read more

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