List of gemstones by species

Short description: none

This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types.

## Contents

* 1 Minerals sorted by name
* 1.1 A–B
* 1.2 C–F
* 1.3 G–L
* 1.4 M–Q
* 1.5 R–Z
* 2 Minerals sorted by origin
* 2.1 Artificial and lab created
* 2.2 Organic
* 3 Mineral aggregates and other rocks
* 4 Minerals sorted by features
* 4.1 Chatoyant gems
* 4.2 Asterism
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Further reading

## Minerals sorted by name

There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as:

### A–B

* Actinolite
* Nephrite (var.)
* Adamite
* Aegirine
* Afghanite
* Agrellite
* Algodonite
* Alunite
* Amblygonite
* Analcime
* Anatase
* Andalusite
* Chiastolite
* Andesine
* Anglesite
* Anhydrite
* Annabergite
* Anorthite
* Antigorite
* Bowenite
* Apatite
* Apophyllite
* Aragonite
* Arfvedsonite
* Asbestos
* Astrophyllite
* Atacamite
* Augelite
* Austinite
* Axinite group:
* Ferroaxinite
* Magnesioaxinite
* Manganaxinite
* Tinzenite
* Azurmalachite
* Azurite
* Baryte
* Bastnaesite
* Bayldonite
* Benitoite
* Beryl subgroup:
* Aquamarine
* Maxixe
* Emerald
* Trapiche emerald (var.)
* Goshenite
* Golden beryl
* Heliodor
* Morganite
* Red beryl (Bixbite)
* Beryllonite
* Beudantite
* Bismutotantalite
* Biotite
* Boleite
* Boracite
* Bornite
* Brazilianite
* Breithauptite
* Brookite
* Brucite
* Bustamite
* Bytownite

### C–F

* Calcite
* Manganoan calcite (var.)
* Caledonite
* Canasite
* Cancrinite
* Vishnevite
* Carletonite
* Carnallite
* Cassiterite
* Catapleiite
* Cavansite
* Celestite
* Ceruleite
* Cerussite
* Chabazite
* Chalcopyrite
* Chambersite
* Charlesite
* Charoite
* Childrenite
* Chiolite
* Chondrodite
* Chrysoberyl
* Alexandrite (var.)
* Cymophane
* Chromite
* Chrysocolla
* Chrysotile
* Cinnabar
* Clinochlore
* Clinohumite
* Clinozoisite
* Clintonite
* Cobaltite
* Colemanite
* Cordierite
* Iolite (var.)
* Cornwallite
* Corundum
* Ruby (var.)
* Sapphire (var.)
* Geuda
* Padparadscha
* Golden sheen sapphire
* Covellite
* Creedite
* Crocoite
* Cryolite
* Cumberlandite
* Cuprite
* Danburite
* Datolite
* Descloizite
* Diamond
* Bort
* Ballas
* Carbonado
* Diaspore
* Dickinsonite
* Diopside
* Dioptase
* Dolomite
* Dumortierite
* Ekanite
* Elbaite
* Enstatite
* Bronzite
* Hypersthene
* Eosphorite
* Epidote
* Piemontite
* Erythrite
* Esperite
* Ettringite
* Euclase
* Eudialyte
* Euxenite
* Fayalite
* Feldspar
* Andesine
* Albite
* Anorthite
* Anorthoclase
* Amazonite
* Bytownite
* Celsian
* Microcline
* Moonstone
* Adularia (var.)
* Rainbow (var.)
* Orthoclase
* Unakite
* Plagioclase
* Albite
* Labradorite
* Oligoclase
* Sanidine
* Sunstone
* Oregon sunstone
* Rainbow lattice sunstone
* Fergusonite
* Ferroaxinite
* Fluorapatite
* Fluorapophyllite
* Fluorite
* Forsterite
* Friedelite

### G–L

* Gadolinite
* Gahnite
* Gahnospinel
* Garnet group:
* Pyralspite
* Almandine
* Pyrope
* Spessartine
* Ugrandite
* Andradite
* Demantoid
* Melanite
* Topazolite
* Grossular
* Hessonite
* Hydrogrossular
* Tsavorite
* Uvarovite
* Almandine-pyrope
* Rhodolite
* Andradite-grossular
* Grandite (Mali garnet)
* Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
* Malaia garnet
* Pyrope-spessartine
* Umbalite
* Gaspeite
* Gaylussite
* Geminite
* Gibbsite
* Glaucophane
* Goethite
* Goosecreekite
* Grandidierite
* Gypsum
* Gyrolite
* Halite
* Hambergite
* Hanksite
* Hardystonite
* Hauyne
* Helenite
* Hematite
* Hemimorphite
* Herderite
* Hexagonite
* Hibonite
* Hiddenite
* Hodgkinsonite
* Holtite
* Howlite
* Huebnerite
* Humite
* Hureaulite
* Hurlbutite
* Hyperitdiabas
* Ilmenite
* Inderite
* Jade
* Jadeite
* Chloromelanite
* Nephrite
* Jasper
* Jeremejevite
* Kainite
* Kämmererite
* Kaolinite
* Kornerupine
* Kutnohorite
* Kurnakovite
* Kyanite
* Langbeinite
* Lawsonite
* Lazulite
* Lazurite
* Legrandite
* Lepidolite
* Leucite
* Leucophanite
* Linarite
* Lizardite
* Londonite
* Ludlamite
* Ludwigite

### M–Q

* Magnesite
* Malachite
* Marialite-meionite
* Wernerite (var.)
* Marcasite
* Meliphanite
* Mellite
* Mesolite
* Microcline
* Microlite
* Milarite
* Millerite
* Mimetite
* Moissanite
* Musgravite
* Nambulite
* Narsarsukite
* Natrolite
* Nepheline
* Neptunite
* Nickeline (Niccolite)
* Nosean
* Nuummite
* Olivine
* Opal
* Fire opal
* Moss opal
* Painite
* Palygorskite
* Papagoite
* Pargasite
* Parisite
* Pectolite
* Larimar
* Pentlandite
* Peridot
* Periclase
* Perthite
* Petalite (castorite)
* Pezzottaite
* Phenakite
* Phlogopite
* Phosgenite
* Phosphophyllite
* Phosphosiderite
* Piemontite
* Pietersite
* Plumbogummite
* Pollucite
* Polyhalite
* Poudretteite
* Powellite
* Prehnite
* Prismatine
* Prosopite
* Proustite
* Psilomelane
* Pumpellyite
* Chlorastrolite (var.)
* Purpurite
* Pyrite
* Pyrargyrite
* Pyromorphite
* Pyrophyllite
* Pyroxmangite
* Pyrrhotite
* Quartz
* Amethyst (var.)
* Ametrine (var.)
* Aventurine (var.)
* Chalcedony (var.)
* Agate
* Iris agate
* Onyx
* Sardonyx
* Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
* Carnelian
* Chrome chalcedony
* Chrysoprase
* Dendritic agate
* Moss agate
* Fire agate (iridescent var.)
* Jasper
* Petrified wood
* Sard
* Citrine (var.)
* Druzy (var.)
* Flint (var.)
* Herkimer diamond (var.)
* Milky quartz (var.)
* Prasiolite (var.)
* Radiolarite (var.)
* Rose quartz (var.)
* Rock crystal (var.)
* Shocked quartz (var.)
* Smoky quartz (var.)
* Quartzite

### R–Z

* Realgar
* Rhodizite
* Rhodochrosite
* Rhodonite
* Richterite
* Riebeckite
* Crocidolite (var.)
* Rosasite
* Rutile
* Samarskite
* Sanidine
* Sapphirine
* Sarcolite
* Scapolite
* Marialite
* Meionite
* Scheelite
* Schizolite
* Scorodite
* Selenite
* Sellaite
* Senarmontite
* Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
* Sérandite
* Seraphinite
* Serendibite
* Serpentine subgroup
* Antigorite
* Bowenite
* Chrysotile
* Lizardite
* Stichtite
* Shattuckite
* Shigaite
* Shortite
* Shungite
* Siderite
* Sillimanite
* Simpsonite
* Sinhalite
* Smaltite
* Smithsonite
* Sodalite
* Hackmanite (var.)
* Sogdianite
* Sperrylite
* Spessartite
* Sphalerite
* Spinel
* Ceylonite (var.)
* Spodumene
* Hiddenite (var.)
* Kunzite (var.)
* Triphane (var.)
* Spurrite
* Staurolite
* Stibiotantalite
* Stichtite
* Stolzite
* Strontianite
* Strontium titanate
* Sulfur
* Sugilite
* Bustamite (var.)
* Richterite (var.)
* Sylvite
* Taaffeite
* Talc
* Tantalite
* Tektites
* Moldavite
* Tephroite
* Thomsonite
* Thaumasite
* Tinaksite
* Titanite (sphene)
* Topaz
* Tourmaline subgroup:
* Achroite (var.)
* Chrome (var.)
* Dravite
* Elbaite
* Fluor-liddicoatite
* Indicolite
* Olenite
* Paraiba (var.)
* Rossmanite
* Rubellite (var.)
* Tremolite
* Hexagonite (var.)
* Triphylite
* Triplite
* Tugtupite
* Turquoise
* Ulexite
* Ussingite
* Vanadinite
* Variscite
* Väyrynenite
* Vesuvianite (idocrase)
* Californite (var.)
* Villiaumite
* Vivianite
* Vlasovite
* Wardite
* Wavellite
* Weloganite
* Whewellite
* Wilkeite
* Willemite
* Witherite
* Wollastonite
* Wulfenite
* Wurtzite
* Xonotlite
* Yugawaralite
* Zektzerite
* Zeolites
* Analcime
* Apophyllite
* Chabazite
* Goosecreekite
* Natrolite
* Scolecite
* Stellerite
* Stilbite
* Thomsonite
* Zincite
* Zinnwaldite
* Zircon
* Jacinth (var.)
* Zoisite
* Tanzanite (var.)
* Thulite (var.)
* Zultanite
* Zunyite

## Minerals sorted by origin

### Artificial and lab created

There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:

* Lab alexandrite
* Lab corundum
* Cubic zirconia
* Lab diamond
* Lab emerald
* Fordite
* Gadolinium gallium garnet
* Lab moissanite
* Synthetic opal
* Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
* Lab spinel
* Synthetic turquoise
* Terbium gallium garnet
* Trinitite
* Yttrium aluminium garnet
* Yttrium iron garnet

### Organic

There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:

* Amber
* Ammolite
* Ammonoidea
* Bone
* Copal
* Coral
* Ivory
* Jet
* Nacre (Mother of pearl)
* Operculum
* Pearl
* Seashell

## Mineral aggregates and other rocks

Some rocks are used as gems, including:

* Anthracite
* Anyolite
* Bauxite
* Concretions
* Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
* Eilat stone
* Epidosite
* Glimmerite
* Goldstone (glittering glass)
* Hawk's eye
* Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
* Iddingsite
* Kimberlite
* Lamproite
* Lapis lazuli
* Libyan desert glass
* Llanite
* Maw sit sit
* Moldavite
* Obsidian
* Apache tears
* Pallasite
* Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
* Siilinjärvi carbonatite
* Soapstone (also known as steatite)
* Tactite
* Tiger's eye
* Unakite

## Minerals sorted by features

### Chatoyant gems

Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or "cat's eye" effect, these include:[1]

* Actinolite
* Andalusite
* Apatite
* Beryl
* Aquamarine
* Emerald
* Heliodor
* Morganite
* Beryllium
* Beryllonite
* Calcite
* Cerussite
* Chrysoberyl
* Danburite
* Diaspore
* Diopside
* Enstatite
* Garnet
* Grandidierite
* Hawk's eye
* Hypersthene
* Iolite
* Kornerupine
* Kunzite
* Kyanite
* Moonstone
* Opal
* Peridot
* Peristerite (Albite variety)
* Pezzottaite
* Phenakite
* Prasiolite
* Prehnite
* Quartz
* Rhodonite
* Rutile
* Scapolite
* Selenite
* Serpentine
* Antigorite
* Bowenite
* Sillimanite
* Smoky Quartz
* Spinel
* Sunstone
* Tanzanite
* Tiger's Eye
* Topaz
* Tourmaline
* Ulexite
* Zircon

### Asterism

Some minerals made into gemstones may display asterism or "star light" effect, usually caused by impurities of rutile and hematite. These include:[1]

* Corundum
* Ruby
* Sapphire
* Diopside
* Topaz
* Garnet
* Spinel
* Moonstone
* Rose Quartz

## See also

* List of individual gemstones

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Walter Schumann, Gemstones of the World, 5th edition, 2013 ISBN 978-1454909538

## Further reading

* Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538
* Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852

* v
* t
* e

Gemstones

Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated

Jewelry stones|

| 1st order|

* Diamond
* Ruby
* Emerald
* Blue Sapphire
* Alexandrite
* Natural marine pearls

|

2nd order|

* Pink sapphire
* Demantoid
* Tsavorite
* Spinel
* Precious Black Opal
* Tanzanite

3rd order|

* Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
* Aquamarine
* Orange topaz (Imperial)
* Rubellite
* Precious White and Fire Opal

4th order|

* Tourmaline — Verdelite
* Indicolite, polychromous
* Beryl]] — Heliodor, pink, yellow-green
* Topaz yellow, blue, pink
* Peridot
* Garnets — Spessartine (malaya), Rhodolite, Almandine, Pyrope
* Amethyst
* Citrine
* Blue Turquoise

Jewelry-Industrial
stones|

| 1st order|

* Lazurite
* Jadeite
* Nephrite
* Malachite
* Amber (Baltic amber)
* Chrysoprase
* Charoite

|

2nd order|

* Agate
* Amazonite
* Rhodonite
* Colorless, smoky and pink quartz
* Hematite
* Common opal
* Opaque iridescent feldspars

Industrial stones|

* Jasper
* Graphic granite
* Petrified wood
* Cacholong (Porouse opal)
* Marble onyx
* Obsidian
* Listwanite (green mica)
* Jet
* Selenite
* Fluorite
* Serpentinite
* Aventurine quartzite
* Ophicalcite (Serpentine/Calcite)
* Pagodite (Pyrophyllite/Talc)

* v
* t
* e

white;">IMA–CNMNC / Nickel–Strunz IDs
Mineral categories (classes, subclasses, divisions)

"Special cases"
("native elements and organic minerals")|

* "Native elements" (IDs 1)
* Organic minerals (IDs 10)

"Sulfides and oxides"|

* Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
* Sulfosalts; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)

* Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
* Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)

* Oxides (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. pyrochlore supergroup and corundum group)

* Hydroxides (IDs 4.F–G)
* "Arsenites", "sulfites" and iodates (IDs 4.J–K)

* Tellurium oxysalts
* Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)

"Evaporites and similars"|

* Carbonates (IDs 5.A–E)
* Nitrates (IDs 5.N)
* Borates (IDs 6)
* Halides (IDs 3)

"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units"
(sulfate anion, phosphate anion,
silicon, etc.)|

* Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)

* Sulfates (IDs 7.A–E)
* Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)

* Chromates (IDs 7.F)
* Molybdates, wolframates, niobates (IDs 7.G–H)

* Phosphates (IDs 8)
* Arsenates, vanadates (IDs 8)

* Monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A)
* Germanates (IDs 9.J)

* Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates

* Zeolite frameworks, zeolite family (IDs 9.G)

* Other zeolitic frameworks: nephelines (IDs 9.FA.05)
* Cancrinite-sodalite groups (IDs 9.FB.)

* Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars)

* Other silicate frameworks

* Cyclosilicates (IDs 9.C)
* Phyllosilicates (IDs 9.E, e.g. clays)
* Silica family (IDs 4.DA.)

* Inosilicates

* Single chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. pyroxenes)

* Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles)

* Other non monomeric minerals

* Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)

* Sorosilicates (IDs 9.B, e.g. epidote and seidozerite supergroups)

* Polymeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. olivine and gadolinite supergroups)

* Other inorganic polymers (e.g. polyoxometalates; "polyphosphates", IDs 8.F)

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