Trumpism

A typical MAGA rally, doing the exact opposite of making America great again.

Suppress the dissenters
Fascism

Bundle of rods

* Alt-right
* Nazism
* Neo-Nazism

Fascists

* Lyndon LaRouche
* Alex Jones
* Bentzi Gopstein
* Kyle Rittenhouse

Groups

* Comfort women
* Atomwaffen Division
* Indian alt-right glossary
* Council of Conservative Citizens
* Kiwi Farms
* Sky News Australia
* Japan

v \- t \- e

“”When fascism comes to America, it will be wrapped in the flag and carrying a cross.

—A quote often wrongly attributed to Sinclair Lewis[1]

“”While a new fascism would necessarily diabolize some enemy, both internal and external, the enemy would not necessarily be Jews. An authentically popular American fascism would be pious, antiblack, and, since September 11, 2001, anti-Islamic.

—Robert Paxton[2]

“”The language and symbols of an authentic American fascism would, of course, have little to do with the original European models. They would have to be as familiar and reassuring to loyal Americans as the language and symbols of the original fascisms were familiar and reassuring to many Italians and Germans, as Orwell suggested. Hitler and Mussolini, after all, had not tried to seem exotic to their fellow citizens. No swastikas in an American fascism, but Stars and Stripes (or Stars and Bars) and Christian crosses. No fascist salute, but mass recitations of the pledge of allegiance. These symbols contain no whiff of fascism in themselves, of course, but an American fascism would transform them into obligatory litmus tests for detecting the internal enemy.

—Robert Paxton[3]

“”You know, Trump and his MAGA supporters not only embrace political violence, but they laugh about it… He calls those who oppose him vermin. He talks about the blood of Americans being poisoned, echoing the same exact language used in Nazi Germany.

—Joe Biden[4]

Trumpism (or MAGA, an acronym of Make America Great Again) is an authoritarian and nationalist ideology based on Donald Trump's personality cult, policies, and political activities. Trumpism has been categorized by political analysts as a fascist ideology and cult due to its far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist, and anti-intellectual elements as well as its hostility to outsiders (such as people who don’t share their ideology and foreigners), promotion of and penchant for violence, vicious scapegoating of marginalized communities, dehumanization of people whom they deem undesirable or irredeemable, and its extreme gatekeeping which demonizes all dissent — even from like-minded ideologues.[5]

Trumpism has emerged as a significant force and movement in American politics, essentially taking over the Republican Party.[6] This rise in power of the movement can be attributed to a range of factors, but the most significant are xenophobia, economic dissatisfaction brought about by neoliberalism,[7] Fundamentalist Christian fanaticism,[8] and misinformation regarding political and scientific news.[9]

A large-scale poll of Americans by the Public Religion Research Institute found that support for white Christian nationalism, the unholy merging of white supremacy with Christian nationalism, was highly correlated with support for Trump in each of the 50 states.[10] In the poll, Christian nationalism was defined as degree of support for these five ideas:[10]

1. The U.S. government should declare America a Christian nation.
2. U.S. laws should be based on Christian values.
3. If the U.S. moves away from our Christian foundations, we will not have a country anymore.
4. Being Christian is an important part of being truly American.
5. God has called Christians to exercise dominion over all areas of American society.

Other questions in the poll also correlated with Christian nationalism: belief in QAnon, anti-Black racism, anti-immigrant views, antisemitic views (though this varies in certain subsets, such as neocons), anti-Islamic views, and patriarchal understandings of traditional gender roles.[10]

## Contents

* 1 Prevalence
* 2 History
* 3 Effects on politics
* 4 Rhetoric
* 5 Similar movements and figures
* 5.1 Trumpism outside of America
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References

## Prevalence[edit]

Won't you buy this lovely Trump boot? For a mere $10,000, we will gold electroplate it.

Characteristic of a typical cult, Trumpism has a huge following and base of millions of Americans, and while numbers have shown that they aren’t as numerous as the average Democrat or centrist voter, they indeed have a stranglehold on American politics. A September 2022 poll showed that 42% of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents (clumped together as a single category) identified with the term "MAGA Republican", and 58% rejected the term.[11] This could indicate an outsized effect on the Republican Party compared to how large the core pro-Trump movement actually is versus the wider base of Republican voters.

Trumpism spread since 2016 partially because of his target base (poor white working class Americans) being drawn by his false promises of his America first policies (bringing back jobs, looking out for the little man, pretending to be an anti elite populist), and from Trump’s appeal as a strongman and a demagogue, amplified by various media outlets who parroted his narratives.[12] Trump's ideology is the direction that most of the Republican Party is heading in, and is purging any and all non-MAGA Republicans (referred to as RINOs), who are portrayed by Trump and his cronies as enemies of their movement.[13] A great example of this was Trump's takeover of the RNC, when dozens of people were fired from their positions and replaced with Trump loyalists (including his family).[14]

## History[edit]

Trump in the Oval Office with a portrait of Andrew Jackson.

Trumpism first emerged as a fluid ideology in 2016, when Trump was running as a presidential candidate.[15] During this time, Trump cultivated an enormous fanbase by tapping into their dissatisfaction and appeals using a mixture of populism, xenophobia, and appealing to a mythical past.[16]

Trumpism quickly spread among American citizens, largely amongst Christian, lower-class to middle-class white families. Many Trump supporters viewed America as under siege from immigrants, rather than correctly attributing their suffering to tax cuts for the rich and general austerity measures. Trumpism has a strong element of racism within its ideology, mostly viewing the 1950s and early 1960s as the good old days for the United States.[17]

Trumpism has deep roots in American political history, dating all the way back to the first white Europeans entering the Americas. However, its more modern roots would appear during the era of Andrew Jackson’s presidency.[18] Like Trumpism, Jacksonism saw a deep anti-intellectualism and populist rejection of traditional democratic institutions that led to the rejection of the orders of the United States Supreme Court and the tragic case of ethnic cleansing and genocide we today know as the Trail of Tears. This was where almost the entirety of the Cherokee people were forced to march in freezing conditions out of their ancestral homeland to virtual wasteland in what is now Oklahoma.[19][note 1]

Walter Russel Mead explained the parallels thusly:

> For Washington’s political class, Mead provided an answer to explain the otherwise perplexing populist appeal of the brash billionaire. Jacksonianism, as Mead viewed it, was exactly the historical precedent to explain Trump, marrying grass-roots disdain for elites, deep suspicion of overseas entanglements — and obsession with America power and sovereignty. “He is not the second coming of Andrew Jackson,” Mead said when we talked on the eve of Trump’s first anniversary in office this weekend. “But there was such a hunger in America for a Jacksonian figure that people were willing to project a lot of qualities onto this sort of very unlikely Queens real estate developer who becomes the folk hero of Americans who hate New York and are suspicious of Big Business.”[19]

Trumpism is ideologically the synthesis of three separate but related reactionary trends in American political history: ethnonationalism as exhibited by the Jacksonians and the Know Nothing Party, politicized religion as exhibited by the Religious Right, and racism as exhibited by the Ku Klux Klan and the Neo-Confederates.[20]

Besides Jacksonianism, another root of the Trumpist movement is the right-wing populism of Pat Buchanan and Ross Perot. In 1992 Perot railed against the neoliberal NAFTA trade deal as "sucking" American jobs to Mexico and Canada and made it the signature issue of his presidential campaign.[20] Buchanan likewise ran for POTUS three times in the 1990s, and regularly espoused a protectionist and nationalist agenda.[20]

The Civil Rights Movement and the end of Jim Crow led Southern racists (previously strong supporters of the Democratic Party) into the arms of the Republican Party.[20][note 2] In the modern day, illegal immigration and supposed voter fraud were two of the hot-button racialized issues that the GOP used to court the racist vote. GOP voter suppression measures have also helped to maintain a white supremacist agenda.[20] American politics itself has a heavily racialized component to it. To quote the Berlin Social Sciences Center:

> Appeals to the issue of race are a staple of contemporary American politics as all politicians seek to mobilize voters who do not consider themselves to be racist.[20]

Even before Trump, some presidencies such as the Bush Era had fascistic undertones, though these were restrained and much less clear for the average American to see at the time than Trump’s fascism today, such as literally everything Dick Cheney did.[21]

Trumpists in particular have been very openly racist. Questioning the native-born citizenship of Barack Obama, the only African-American president of the United States to date, labelling Hispanic-Americans (mostly Mexicans) as "rapists", "murderers", and drug dealers as well as associating them with actual drug gangs such as MS-13, and grouping Islam with terrorist groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda have all been the bread and butter of Trumpist rhetoric.[20]

Trumpism’s main targets of fearmongering are immigrants, non-white immigrants specifically. The main ethnic groups targeted have been Mexicans[22], Chinese[23], Syrians[24], Iraqis[25], Venezuelans[26], and (most recently) Haitians.[27]

## Effects on politics[edit]

Trumpism has poisoned American political discourse and the minds of its own supporters. Trumpism relies on anti-intellectualism and misinformation to maintain its grip and strength in the public sphere. Social media allows fake news to be spread far and wide, with something simple being spread to millions in a short amount of time (and usually having some degree of separation from anything that refutes it).

Trumpism also embraces a blaming the victim narrative, from painting BLM protestors as anti-white racists and planted agents funded by Soros, to fabricated claims of rape against women committed by non-white groups that are typically immigrants such Latins and Arabs, to the entirety of The Great Replacement theory itself. Trumpism also has a heavy emphasis on paramilitarism, which is what was seen in the 2021 U.S. coup attempt and explains why there’s so much support for Trump from groups like the Three Percenters, the Militia Movement, Sovereign Citizens, and so on.

Trump himself is not a very Christian man,[note 3] but right-wing Christians can and will excuse or ignore this as Trump is willing to push the agenda of the Religious Right as a matter of policy.[note 4] During the 2016 Republican primaries, the Religious Right opposed Trump as a matter of course, but after Trump won the 2016 presidential nomination, they quickly, and eagerly, switched course, with up to 80% of the Evangelical vote supporting Trump in the general election.[20] Trump has honored the devil's deal that the Religious Right made in supporting him, appointing key members of the Religious Right to prominent positions of government, including Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education.[20]

Probably one of the longest-lasting, and most devastating, effects of the ideological devil's deal between the Religious Right and the alt-right is the packing of the judiciary with right-wing activist judges.[29] Indeed, it was the activist judges of the Supreme Court of the United States that voted to overturn Roe v. Wade despite precedent.[30]

## Rhetoric[edit]

See the main article on this topic: Rhetoric of Donald Trump

Prior to going full and openly fascist, Trump used coded language regarding migrants (mostly Mexicans and Muslims) by referring to their entry into the country as “invasions” and many cities being “overrun by hordes”.[31] His specific rhetoric has been appealing to fascists and Nazis, and his base’s acceptance and amplification of this language eventually led to them becoming fascists (by proxy) as well.[32]

The rhetoric echoed by Trump and his base have been noted by analysts and historians as being dangerously similar to dictatorships and authoritarians, especially to fascists.[33] On a Veterans Day speech, Trump used the phrases “vermin” to describe his enemies and immigrants “poisoning the blood” of Americans. His racist statements drew rebuke from many on both the left and the right. The Trump team denied this, arguing that they would pwn their opponents rather than giving any intellectual argument against Trump’s rhetoric being labeled authoritarian and fascist.[34]

## Similar movements and figures[edit]

Since the beginning of Trump's second term as president, following the mass firings and widespread defunding of programs, enabled in part by Elon Musk's DOGE, all with little rational basis, several people have noted the similarity between the second term and the chaos, the historical erasure, and the official lawlessness of the Cultural Revolution of communist China.[35][36][37][38]

### Trumpism outside of America[edit]

In China, he is also known as "Donald the Strong," "Grand Commander," and "Uncle Trump." Many Chinese people despise the "political correctness" in Western societies and see themselves in Trump, whom they consider genuine, which is unusual for a politician. Another reason for their fondness of the head-of-state of a geopolitical rival is that Trump, unlike his predecessors, had no appetite for discussing human rights and democracy with China and prefers to discuss trade. Moreover, Trump seems to recognize China, as well as its president Xi Jinping, as an equal.[39]

Trump also had a significant following in Iran amongst Restart and its supporters. In fact, their leader and founder, Mohammad Hosseini, modelled his movement on the MAGA movement in the United States and supports Trump and his policies against the Iranian regime. Also like Trump, Hosseini has explicitly encouraged and supported violence amongst his supporters.[40] This support is so strong that Trump's war aggression hasn’t affected his fanbase in Iran much (though pro Trump Iranians are not that big in the country to begin with).

Trumpism has had a significantly negative and strong impact on politics, both in America and abroad. Trumpism has inspired or mingled with analogous movements outside of the United States.[41] The individuals and countries include:

* Argentina via Javier Milei
* Australia via Clive Palmer, Pauline Hanson, and Peter Dutton (lost the 2025 election).
* Austria via Herbert Kickl (hardline former Interior Minister who radicalized his party, but consistently fails to put his party in government)
* Belarus via Alexander Lukashenko
* Brazil via Jair Bolsonaro (lost the 2022 election, sentenced to 27 years for attempting a military coup)
* Britain via Boris Johnson (forced to resign in 2022) and Nigel Farage (once a fringe extremist, now in a scary position to become leader of his country)
* Canada via Maxime Bernier (forced out of his party, made his own, still hasn't won a thing), Pierre Poilievre (lost his own seat in 2025), Doug Ford (Premier of Ontario), Danielle Smith (Premier of Alberta), and Kevin O'Leary (TV host who failed to become leader of the Conservative Party).
* Chile via José Antonio Kast
* China via Xi Jinping
* El Salvador via Nayib Bukele
* France via Marine Le Pen (convicted of a crime and barred from running for office), Jean-Marie Le Pen (Marine's late father), and Eric Zemmour (their version of Farage)
* Greece via Antonis Samaras (expelled from his own party in 2024)
* Germany via Bjorn Hocke (chair of the Alternative for Germany in Thuringia state; his Der Flugel faction was declared an extremist group and disbanded but he's still involved in politics)
* Hungary via Viktor Orbán
* India via Narendra Modi and the Hindutva ideology
* Indonesia via Prabowo Subianto
* Iran via Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (disqualified from ever running again), Ebrahim Raisi (died in office in a 2023 plane crash), and Mohammad Hosseini
* Israel via Benjamin Netanyahu
* Italy via Silvio Berlusconi (convicted of multiple crimes and briefly banned from holding office, later died in office shortly after winning another election), Matteo Salvini, and Giorgia Meloni
* Japan via Shinzō Abe (resigned in 2020, assassinated in 2022) and Sohei Kamiya (leader of Sanseito, their version of Le Pen)
* Malaysia via Najib Razak (prime minister from 2009 to 2018, convicted of corruption in 2020 and sentenced to 12 years in prison)
* Mexico via Jaime Rodríguez (though he consistently loses elections to leftists)
* Netherlands via Geert Wilders
* Peru via Alberto Fujimori (became dictator in 1992, overthrown in 2000)
* Philippines via Rodrigo Duterte (arrested by the International Criminal Court for human rights abuses and transferred to the Hague)
* Poland via Jarosław Kaczyński (resigned after losing the 2023 election)
* Portugal via Andre Ventura
* Russia via Vladimir Putin
* Saudi Arabia via Mohammad bin Salman
* South Korea via Yoon Suk Yeol (impeached and removed from office in 2025)
* Spain via Santiago Abascal
* Taiwan via Terry Gou (lost both times he ran for president)
* Turkey via Recep Tayyip Erdogan
* Ukraine via Viktor Yanukovych (forced out of office, fled to Russia)

## See also[edit]

* Trump
* QAnon
* Putinism
* Italian Fascism
* Nazism
* Restart
* Falun Gong

## Notes[edit]

1. ↑ This wasn't an isolated incident either. See our article on the Native American genocides for further details.
2. ↑ See our article on the Southern Strategy for more information.
3. ↑ What with him being a thrice-divorced adulterer, blasphemer, and self-admitted "pussy grabber", and adjudicated rapist.[28]
4. ↑ Christianity does strongly endorse showing compassion, mercy, and forgiveness to transgressors (indeed, it could be said that the idea that a person can fuck up from time to time without becoming a worthless pariah and/or losing life privileges for it is one of Christianity's most attractive aspects), but this does seem rather absurd even in light of that code, especially when the Religious Right rarely (if ever) extends such compassion to, say, homosexuals. Both the Old and New Testaments have warnings about false prophets, but that doesn't seem to register with Trumpists.

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Did Sinclair Lewis Say This About Fascism in America? by Dave Emery (Dec 29, 2016) Snopes.
2. ↑ Summary — Anatomy of Fascism, EconSystems Thinking Medium, August 30, 2020.
3. ↑ Newstead, David Michael (August 11, 2016). "The Anatomy of Fascism". The Philosophy of Shaving. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
4. ↑ Biden, Joe (January 05, 2024). "Remarks by President Biden on the Third Anniversary of the January 6th Attack and Defending the Sacred Cause of American Democracy". The White House. `{{cite web}}`: Check date values in: `|date=` (help); Text "Blue Bell, PA" ignored (help)
5. ↑ Micek, John (June 22, 2022). "Trumpism is fascism, American-style". Pennsylvania Capital-Star. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
6. ↑ How did the Republican Party become the party of Trump? New York Times reporter Jeremy Peters says the religious right and social conservatives "got basically everything that they wanted" from Trump's presidency. Peters' new book is Insurgency. by Terry Gross (February 8, 20221:30 PM ET) NPR.
7. ↑ Murphy, Chris (October 25, 2022). "The Wreckage of Neoliberalism". The Atlantic. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
8. ↑ Burnett, John (January 23, 2022). "Christian nationalism is still thriving — and is a force for returning Trump to power". NPR.
9. ↑ West, Darrel (January 11, 2021). "The role of misinformation in Trump's insurrection". Brookings Institute.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 A Christian Nation? Understanding the Threat of Christian Nationalism to American Democracy and Culture (02.08.2023) Public Religion Research Institute.
11. ↑ Sahil Kapur (September 28, 2022). "Poll: Most U.S. Republicans reject 'MAGA' label". Meet The Press Blog, NBC News. Quote: "A total of 42% of Republicans in the U.S. identify as 'MAGA' Republicans, while 58% disavow the term, according to a new national poll by J. Ann Selzer and Grinnell College."
12. ↑ Thomas, Leon (August 25, 2020). "MAGA and Fascism". Youtube.
13. ↑ "Trump Fully Devours the Republican Establishment" \- The New York Times. Bender, Michael C. (Feb. 16, 2024). Archived.
14. ↑ "Trump takes control of the RNC with mass layoffs, restructuring" \- Washington Post. By Michael Scherer, Josh Dawsey and Marianne LeVine (March 12, 2024). Archived.
15. ↑ Tierney, Dominic (July 19, 2016). "The Global Spread of Trumpism". The Atlantic. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
16. ↑ Reich, Robert (June 17, 2023). "Trump and the Republican party exemplify these five elements of fascism". The Guardian. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
17. ↑ Milligan, Susan (October 19, 2020). "Republicans Long for the 1950s, Democrats Crave Change". US News.
18. ↑ Lyall, Sarah (January 23, 2021). "The Trump Presidency Is Now History. So How Will It Rank?". The New York Times. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "The Man Who Put Andrew Jackson in Trump’s Oval Office" \- Politico. By Susan B. Glasser on January 22, 2018. Archived.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 "Trumpism is US" \- Berlin Social Science Center. Archived.
21. ↑ Is the White House taking hints from Hitler? The Gainesville Sun
22. ↑ U.S. and Mexico reach deal to restart Trump-era "remain in Mexico" program along border Washington Post
23. ↑ Trump Suggests Chinese Migrants Are in the US to Build an 'Army.' the Migrants Tell Another Story US News
24. ↑ Trump suspends US refugee programme and bans Syrians indefinitely BBC News
25. ↑ Under Trump, Iraqis Who Helped U.S. in War Are Stalled in Refugee System NY Times
26. ↑ Trump May Demonize Migration From Venezuela, But He Helped Fuel It Mother Jones
27. ↑ Trump falsely accuses immigrants in Ohio of abducting and eating pets AP News
28. ↑ Judge clarifies: Yes, Trump was found to have raped E. Jean Carroll by Aaron Blake (July 19, 2023) The Washington Post.
29. ↑ "How the Federalist Society Won" \- The New Yorker. By Emma Green. Published July 24, 2022.
30. ↑ "Analysis: Trump's justices decisive in long campaign to overturn Roe v. Wade" \- Reuters. Published June 24, 2022. Written by Lawrence Hurley.
31. ↑ Zimmer, Ben (August 6, 2019). "Where Does Trump's 'Invasion' Rhetoric Come From?". The Atlantic. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
32. ↑ Newton, Creede (August 25, 2020). "Trump's far-right legacy will remain regardless of the election". Al Jazeera. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
33. ↑ Bender (November 20, 2021). "Trump's Dire Words Raise New Fears About His Authoritarian Bent". The New York Times. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help); Text "Michael" ignored (help)
34. ↑ Gold, Michael (November 13, 2023). "After Calling Foes 'Vermin,' Trump Campaign Warns Its Critics Will Be 'Crushed'". The New York Times. `{{cite web}}`: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
35. ↑ The Trump-Musk Cultural Revolution. The MAGA crowd doesn't want just regime change. It wants to root out all vestiges of progressivism, liberalism, and secularism from American society. by John Feffer (February 19, 2025) Foreign Policy in Focus.
36. ↑ DOGE’s rampage through institutions has parallels in China’s Cultural Revolution. I survived Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party’s purges. What's happening now reminds me of the CCP’s Central Cultural Revolution Group. by Jianli Yang (Feb. 28, 2025, 3:00 AM PST) MSNBC.
37. ↑ In remembering China’s Cultural Revolution, what you don’t know will hurt you by Linda Jaivin (12 Jun 2025) The Interpreter.
38. ↑ Many Chinese See a Cultural Revolution in America. People in China are expressing alarm at what seems to be an authoritarian turn in the United States, long their role model of democracy, that feels familiar. by Li Yuan (March 6, 2025, 12:00 a.m. ET) The New York Times.
39. ↑ 'Uncle Trump' Finds Fans in China. The New York Times. November 9, 2017. Accessed May 13, 2019.
40. ↑ Seyed Mohammad Hosseini ( #RestartLeader ) admires President #Trump and has defended him at all the costs. We as Restartees, love President Trump and support the pressure he puts on Islamic Republic of Iran. Twitter
41. ↑ "'No longer' a foreign threat: New bipartisan group calls out MAGA movement as 'fascist'". Youtube. September 20, 2023.