List of proposed space observatories

Short description: None

This list contains proposals for space telescopes, space-based (situated in space) astronomical observatories. It is a list of past and present space observatory plans, concepts, and proposals. For observatories in orbit, see list of space telescopes. Unlike that list, this one includes concepts and proposals that are unlikely ever to be launched, as they may have been cancelled or were only proposals.

## Contents

* 1 Space observatories under development
* 2 Merged, cancelled, or superseded space observatories
* 3 Additional examples and non-space telescopes
* 4 Additional examples
* 5 Design studies
* 6 Gallery
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Space observatories under development

Name  | Agency  | Type  | Proposed
launch date  | Status  | Proposed location  | Ref(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|

TOLIMAN | NASA | visible | 2023 | under construction | Low Earth orbit | [1]
Xuntian | CNSA | ultraviolet, visible, infrared | 2024 | under construction | Low Earth orbit | [2][3]
PLATO | ESA | visible | 2026 |  | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point |
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (formerly WFIRST) | NASA | infrared | 2026-2027 | confirmed and named 2020 | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point | [4][5]
LiteBIRD | JAXA | millimeter radio | 2028 | Approved for development | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point | [6]
Spektr-UV (WSO-UV) | Roscosmos | ultraviolet | 2028 | funded | Geosynchronous orbit | [7]
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) | ESA/NASA | gravitational waves | 2037 |  | Solar Earth-trailing orbit (approx. 1 AU) | [8]
Astrosat-2 | ISRO | Near Ultraviolet, Far Ultraviolet, Visible | TBD | – | Low Earth orbit | [9]
Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) | NASA | Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared | 2041 | early planning 'Phase 1' | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point |

[10]

X-Ray Great Observatory (nicknamed Fire) | NASA | X-Ray | 2047 | early planning 'Phase 1' | possibly Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point |

[10]

Far-Infrared Great Observatory (nicknamed Smoke) | NASA | Far-Infrared | 2051 | early planning 'Phase 1' | possibly Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point |

[10]

## Merged, cancelled, or superseded space observatories

Name  | Agency  | Type  | Proposed
launch date  | Status  | Proposed location  | Ref(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|

X-Ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy Mission (XEUS) | ESA | X-ray | Merged into IXO | – | [11]
Constellation-X | NASA | X-ray | – |
International X-ray Observatory (IXO) | NASA & ESA & JAXA | X-ray | No funding 2011; rebooted as ATHENA | – | [12]
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE) | NASA | ? | 2016 | – | Sun-synchronous Earth orbit, 2000 km | [13][14]
SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory | NASA | ? | 2015 | No funding 2010 | – | [15]
Darwin Mission | ESA | ? | – | – | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point | [16]
Terrestrial Planet Finder | NASA | ? | TBA | No funding 2011 | – | [17]
Dark Universe Observatory | NASA | ? | Superseded by Roman/WFIRST | Earth orbit (600 km) | [18][19]
Joint Dark Energy Mission | NASA & DOE | ? | – | [20]
Astromag Free-Flyer (Particles) | NASA | ? | 1 January 2005 | – | Earth orbit (500 km) | [21][22]
VSOP-2 (Astro-G) (Radio) | JAXA | ? | 2012 | Cancelled 2011 | – | [23]
SAFIR | NASA | far infrared | Superseded by Origins | Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point | ref?

## Additional examples and non-space telescopes

For launch in the 2030s, NASA is evaluating four possible designs: the Origins Space Telescope, Lynx X-ray Surveyor, Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), and Large UV Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR).[24]

Balloon-borne telescopes have been in use since the 1950s. A 20–30 meter balloon telescope has been suggested.[25] The balloon would be transparent on one side, and have a circular reflecting mirror on the other side.[25] There are two main designs using this principle.[25]

* Large Balloon Reflector (LBR) (sub-orbital version)
* Space-based Large Balloon Reflector (LBR)
* TeraHertz Space Telescope (TST)[26]

## Additional examples

8 meter segmented LUVOIR-B (formerly ATLAST) telescope

ATLAST produced several versions for the LUVOIR telescope

* Aditya-L1
* Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA)
* Big Bang Observer
* Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and UV Research (CASTOR)
* Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO)
* EChO
* Fast INfrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE)
* Gravity and Extreme Magnetism (GEMS)
* Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), a large UV to NIR focused design, 4 meter mirror [27]
* LOFT \- Large Observatory For X-ray Timing
* Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor
* Large Interferometer For Exoplanets
* Nautilus Deep Space Observatory[28][29][30]
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission (formerly Near-Earth Object Camera (NEOcam))
* PEGASE
* Planetary Dynamics Explorer[31]
* Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA)
* Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy (THEIA)
* THESEUS
* Waypoint-1 Space Telescope, visible light, UV and hyper-spectral imaging for astrophysical research and ground observation[32]
* Whipple, proposed transit telescope for KBO and Oort objects
* ZEBRA, Zodiacal dust, Extragalactic Background and Reionization Apparatus [33] A small infrared observatory sent out to 10 AU by NASA[34]

## Design studies

Calisto architecture for SAFIR.[35] This shows a design concept for a deep infrared space telescope harnessing JWST technology, for the SAFIR program.

Four NASA Design studies from 2018:[36]

* The Lynx X-ray Observatory (Lynx), an X-ray telescope orders of magnitude more powerful than any previous design
* The Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR), a large optical UV to near infrared design with 15 meters aperture mirror
* The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx), a large UV to NIR focused design and potential starshade[27]
* The Origins Space Telescope (OST), a powerful infrared space observatory concept

Various proposals or concepts for high-energy light observatories (circa 2010s):[37]

* AdEPT: Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope: pair production telescope concept for gamma-ray polarimetry
* AEGIS: Astrophysics Experiment for Grating and Imaging Spectroscopy, soft X-ray spectrometer.
* APT: Advanced Pair Telescope
* Arcus, X-ray spectrometer concept for International Space Station
* ASCOT: Advanced Scintillator Compton Telescope
* A-STAR: All-Sky Transient Astrophysics Explorer
* Athena, an X-ray observatory
* AXSIO: Advanced X-ray Spectroscopic Imaging Observatory
* AXTAR: Advanced X-Ray Timing Array, X-ray timing mission
* BEST: Black Hole Evolution and Space-Time Observatory (include deep hard X-ray imaging (5 – 70 keV))
* BHI: Black Hole Imager
* Black Hole Finder
* CASTER: Coded Aperture Survey Telescope for Energetic Radiation
* EDGE: Explorer of Diffuse emission and Gamma ray burst Explosions
* EPE: Extreme Physics Explorer
* EREXS: Epoch of Reionization Energetic X-ray Survey
* EXIST: Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope
* Gen-X: The Generation X-Ray Mission
* GRAVITAS: General Relativistic Astrophysics Via Timing and Spectroscopy
* HEX-P: High-Energy X-ray Probe
* INSIST: Indian Spectroscopic Imaging Space Telescope (UV)[38]
* ISS-Lobster
* IXPE: Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (launched Dec 2021)
* MIRAX: Monitor e Imageador de Raios X
* NHXM: New Hard X-ray Mission
* Pharos
* PheniX, focussing X-ray telescope concept
* PRAXyS: Polarimetry of Relativistic X-ray Sources
* SAHARA: Spectral Analysis with High Angular Resolution Astronomy
* SMART-X: Square Meter, Arcsecond Resolution X-ray Telescope
* Tsubame, micro-satellite for X-ray polarimetry
* WhimEx: Warm-Hot Inter-Galactic Medium Explorer
* WFXIS: Wide-Field X-ray Imaging Spectrometer
* WFXT: Wide-Field X-ray Telescope
* Xenia: a Probe of Cosmic Chemical Evolution
* XIPE: the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (ESA)
* X-Ray Surveyor

## Gallery

* Artist's impression of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

* Artist's impression of the SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory

* NASA conception of IXO

## See also

* Lists of telescopes
* Lists of spacecraft

## References

1. ↑ "The TOLIMAN mission: precision astrometry for exoplanetary discovery in the solar neighborhood". https://indico.ict.inaf.it/event/726/attachments/1414/2686/TOLIMAN_Science-4.pdf.
2. ↑ Jones, Andrew (28 February 2023). "China to expand its space station, international astronaut selection underway". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-to-expand-its-space-station-international-astronaut-selection-underway/.
3. ↑ "Flagship Chinese Space Telescope to Unravel Cosmic Mysteries". Chinese Academy of Sciences. 7 May 2022. https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/cas_media/202205/t20220507_305162.shtml.
4. ↑ "NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Roman Space Telescope". NASA (Press release). 19 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
5. ↑ Balzer, Ashley (9 November 2021). "NASA's Roman Mission Will Help Empower a New Era of Cosmological Discovery". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-roman-mission-will-help-empower-a-new-era-of-cosmological-discovery.
6. ↑ Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization. Y. Sekimoto; P. Ade; K. Arnold; J. Aumont; J. Austermann, etal. Proceedings Volume 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave; 106981Y (2018) doi:10.1117/12.2313432 Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 9 August 2018, Austin, Texas, United States.
7. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (30 December 2022). "Spektr-UF | Russian ultraviolet astronomy's long road to space". RussianSpaceWeb. https://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_uf.html.
8. ↑ "LISA | Mission Summary". ESA. 8 November 2021. https://sci.esa.int/web/lisa/-/61367-mission-summary.
9. ↑ "Isro plans to launch India's 2nd space observatory". The Times of India. 19 February 2018. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/isro-plans-to-launch-indias-2nd-space-observatory/articleshow/62975636.cms.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Bruce Dominey (27 January 2023). "After Webb? NASA Is Already Planning New Great Space Observatories". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucedorminey/2023/01/27/after-webb-nasa-is-already-planning-new-great-space-observatories/?sh=1519ae551b6b. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
11. ↑ "KEUS – The X-Ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy Mission". ESA. http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=xeus.
12. ↑ "Official NASA IXO Home Page". NASA. http://ixo.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
13. ↑ "EXCEDE Home Page". University of Arizona. http://soweb.as.arizona.edu/~gschneider/EXCEDE_OVERVIEW.html.
14. ↑ "EXCEDE the Search for Planets". Astrobiology Magazine. 17 February 2012. http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/4574/excede-the-search-for-planets.
15. ↑ "SIM Lite JPL". NASA. http://sim.jpl.nasa.gov.
16. ↑ "ESA Science & Technology: Darwin". ESA. http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=28.
17. ↑ "Planet Quest: Missions – Terrestrial Planet Finder". NASA. http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_index.cfm.
18. ↑ "Dark Universe Observatory". Sonoma State University. http://epo.sonoma.edu/duo/index.html.
19. ↑ "Dark Universe Observatory – About the Launch Vehicle and Orbit". Sonoma State University. http://epo.sonoma.edu/duo/observatory/obslaunch.html.
20. ↑ "Destiny JDEM Mission Public Page". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. http://www.noao.edu/noao/staff/lauer/destiny.htm.
21. ↑ "NASA – NSSD – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details (Astromag FF)". NASA. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ASTRMAG.
22. ↑ "NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details (Astromag-F)". NASA. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ASTRMAG.
23. ↑ "VSOP-2 project". JAXA. http://www.vsop.isas.jaxa.jp/vsop2/.
24. ↑ Scoles, Sarah. "NASA Considers Its Next Flagship Space Telescope". http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-considers-its-next-flagship-space-telescope/.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Hall, Loura (3 May 2016). "Ballooning Expectations: New Approach for Astronomy". https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ballooning-expectations-new-approach-for-astronomy.
26. ↑ Dunn, Marina Madeline; Lesser, David; O'Dougherty, Stephan; Swift, Brandon; Pat, Terrance; Cortez, German; Smith, Steve; Goldsmith, Paul et al. (January 2017). "TeraHertz Space Telescope (TST)" (in en). AAS 229: 238.30. Bibcode: 2017AAS...22923830D.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx)". https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex/.
28. ↑ University of Arizona (2 August 2019). "A new lens for life-searching space telescopes - University of Arizona researchers have designed a new kind of telescope that is a cheaper, lighter and more powerful option than creating telescopes using ever-larger mirrors. With a fleet of the newly designed space telescopes, they aim to scour a thousand potentially earth-like planets for signs of life.". EurekAlert!. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-08/uoa-anl080219.php.
29. ↑ Apai, Dániel; Milster, Tom D.; Kim, Dae Wook; Bixel, Alex; Schneider, Glenn; Liang, Ronguang; Arenberg, Jonathan (29 July 2019). "A Thousand Earths: A Very Large Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope Array for Atmospheric Biosignature Surveys". The Astronomical Journal 158 (2): 83. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158...83A.
30. ↑ Apai, D. (2018). "Nautilus DeepSpace Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey". Universities Space Research Association. https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/deepspace2018/pdf/3127.pdf.
31. ↑ "M. Wong, et al. – A Dedicated Space Observatory for Time-domain Solar System Science". http://www.lpi.usra.edu/decadal/opag/wong_PDX090727.pdf.
32. ↑ "Space Telescopes". http://www.spacefab.us/space-telescopes.html.
33. ↑ "NASA Considers Sending a Telescope to Outer Solar System - Universe Today". 19 December 2011. http://www.universetoday.com/91947/nasa-considers-sending-a-telescope-to-the-outer-solar-system/.
34. ↑ "ZEBRA". http://zebra.caltech.edu/.
35. ↑ "SAFIR - Technologies". http://safir.jpl.nasa.gov/technologies.shtml.
36. ↑ Clery, Daniel (2018-12-12). "NASA is planning four of the largest space telescopes ever. But which one will fly?" (in en). https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-planning-four-largest-space-telescopes-ever-which-one-will-fly.
37. ↑ "Concepts for Future High Energy Astrophysics Future Missions". https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/concepts.html.
38. ↑ "INSIST: A proposed Wide-Field, UV-Optical, Imaging and Spectroscopic Space Telescope". Modern engineering trends in astronomy. 2019. https://conf1.ncra.tifr.res.in/event/4/contributions/274/contribution.pdf.

## External links

* Video (86:49) – "Search for Life in the Universe" – NASA (July 14, 2014).

* v
* t
* e

Space observatories

Operating|

* AGILE (since 2007)
* AMS-02 (since 2011)
* Aoi (since 2018)
* ASTERIA (since 2017)
* Astrosat (since 2015)
* BRITE constellation (since 2013)
* CALET (since 2015)
* Chandra (AXAF) (since 1999)
* DAMPE (since 2015)
* Fermi (since 2008)
* Gaia (since 2013)
* HXMT (Insight) (since 2017)
* Hinode (Solar-B) (since 2006)
* HiRISE (since 2005)
* Hisaki (SPRINT-A) (since 2013)
* Hubble (since 1990)
* INTEGRAL (since 2002)
* IBEX (since 2008)
* IRIS (since 2013)
* ISS-CREAM (since 2017)
* MAXI (since 2009)
* Mikhailo Lomonosov (since 2016)
* Mini-EUSO (since 2019)
* NCLE (since 2018)
* NEOSSat (since 2013)
* NICER (since 2017)
* NuSTAR (since 2012)
* Odin (since 2001)
* SDO (since 2010)
* SOHO (since 1995)
* SOLAR (since 2008)
* Spektr-RG (since 2019)
* Spitzer (since 2003)
* STEREO (since 2006)
* Swift (since 2004)
* TESS (since 2018)
* WISE (since 2009)
* XMM-Newton (since 1999)

Planned|

* CHEOPS (2019)
* iWF-MAXI (2019)
* Astro-1 Telescope (2020)
* ILO-1 (2020)
* LUCI (2020)
* Nano-JASMINE (2020)
* ORBIS (2020)
* Solar Orbiter (SolO) (2020)
* IXPE (2021)
* James Webb (JWST) (2021)
* LORD (2021)
* SVOM (2021)
* XPoSat (2021)
* Euclid (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope (2022)
* XRISM (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* K-EUSO (2023)
* Solar-C (2023)
* SPHEREx (2023)
* Small-JASMINE (2024)
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission (2025+)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* WFIRST (2025+)
* PLATO (2026)
* LiteBIRD (2027)
* ARIEL (2028)
* Spektr-M (2030+)
* ATHENA (2031)
* LISA (2034)

Proposed|

* Arcus
* AstroSat-2
* EXCEDE
* Fresnel Imager
* FOCAL
* HabEx
* Hibari
* Hypertelescope
* JEM-EUSO
* LUVOIR
* ATLAST
* HDST
* Lynx
* Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
* New Worlds Mission
* NRO donation to NASA
* OST
* PhoENiX
* Solar-D
* SPICA
* THEIA
* THESEUS

Retired|

* Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011)
* ALEXIS (1993–2005)
* Alouette 1 (1962–1972)
* Ariel 1 (1962, 1964)
* Ariel 2 (1964)
* Ariel 3 (1967–1969)
* Ariel 4 (1971–1972)
* Ariel 5 (1974–1980)
* Ariel 6 (1979–1982)
* ATM (1973–1974)
* ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000)
* Astro-1 (1990)
* BBXRT
* HUT
* Astro-2 (HUT) (1995)
* Astron (1983–1989)
* ANS (1974–1976)
* BeppoSAX (1996–2003)
* CHIPSat (2003–2008)
* Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000)
* CoRoT (2006–2013)
* Cos-B (1975–1982)
* COBE (1989–1993)
* DXS (1993)
* EPOCh (2008)
* EPOXI (2010)
* Explorer 11 (1961)
* EXOSAT (1983–1986)
* EUVE (1992–2001)
* FUSE (1999–2007)
* Kvant-1 (1987–2001)
* GALEX (2003–2013)
* Gamma (1990–1992)
* Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991)
* Granat (1989–1998)
* Hakucho (CORSA-b) (1979–1985)
* HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005)
* HEAO-1 (1977–1979)
* Herschel (2009–2013)
* Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991)
* HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982)
* HEAO-3 (1979–1981)
* HETE-2 (2000–2008)
* Hipparcos (1989–1993)
* IUE (1978–1996)
* IRAS (1983)
* IRTS (1995–1996)
* ISO (1996–1998)
* IXAE (1996–2004)
* Kepler (2009–2018)
* Kristall (1990–2001)
* LEGRI (1997–2002)
* LISA Pathfinder (2015–2017)
* MOST (2003–2019)
* MSX (1996–1997)
* OAO-2 (1968–1973)
* OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981)
* Orbiting Solar Observatory
* OSO 1
* OSO 2/OSO B
* OSO 3
* OSO 4
* OSO 5
* OSO 6
* OSO 7
* OSO 8
* Orion 1 (1971)
* Orion 2 (1973)
* PAMELA (2006–2016)
* PicSat (2018)
* Planck (2009–2013)
* RELIKT-1 (1983–1984)
* R/HESSI (2002–2018)
* ROSAT (1990–1999)
* RXTE (1995–2012)
* SAMPEX (1992–2004)
* SAS-B (1972–1973)
* SAS-C (1975–1979)
* Solwind (1979–1985)
* Spektr-R (2011–2019)
* Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015)
* Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980)
* Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985)
* Uhuru (1970–1973)
* Vanguard 3 (1959)
* WMAP (2001–2010)
* Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Hibernating
(Mission completed)|

* SWAS (1998–2005)
* TRACE (1998–2010)

Lost|

* OAO-1 (1966)
* OAO-B (1970)
* CORSA (1976)
* OSO C (1965)
* ABRIXAS (1999)
* HETE-1 (1996)
* WIRE (1999)
* Astro-E (2000)
* Tsubame (2014–2015)
* Hitomi (Astro-H) (2016)

Cancelled|

* AOSO
* Astro-G
* Constellation-X
* Darwin
* Destiny
* EChO
* Eddington
* FAME
* FINESSE
* GEMS
* HOP
* IXO
* JDEM
* LOFT
* OSO J
* OSO K
* Sentinel
* SIM & SIMlite
* SNAP
* SPOrt
* TAUVEX
* TPF
* XEUS
* XIPE

See also|

* Great Observatories program
* List of space telescopes
* List of proposed space observatories
* List of X-ray space telescopes

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Future spaceflights

Crewed|

| 2020|

* Soyuz MS-16 (April)
* Soyuz MS-17 (October)
* Shenzhou 12
* Crew Dragon Demo-2
* Boeing Crewed Flight Test
* USCV-1
* USCV-2
* New Shepard (crewed flight test)
* VSS Unity VF02

|

2021|

* Gaganyaan Crewed Flight 1
* Shenzhou 13
* USCV-3

2022|

* Artemis 2

2023+|

* #dearMoon project (2023)
* Artemis 3 (2024)

Robotic|

| 2020|

* AFSPC-7
* ALOS-3
* ALOS-4
* Artemis 1 (November)
* Orion
* Lunar Flashlight
* NEA Scout
* BioSentinel
* SkyFire
* Lunar IceCube
* CuSP
* LunaH-Map
* EQUULEUS
* OMOTENASHI
* ArgoMoon
* Cislunar Explorers
* CU-E3
* Team Miles
* Chandrayaan-3
* Chang'e 5
* GSAT-20
* Hope Mars Mission (July)
* HX-1 (July–August)
* Ingenio
* Inmarsat-6 F1
* JCSAT-17
* Kounotori 9 (May)
* Mars 2020 (July–August)
* MX-1E (July)
* Nauka / European Robotic Arm (December)
* QZS-1R
* RAPIS-2 / Z-Sat / DRUMS / KOSEN-1
* Rosalind Franklin rover and Kazachok lander (July)
* Solar Orbiter (February)
* Space Complex Alpha
* TARANIS

|

2021|

* Aditya-L1
* Astrobotic M1 (June)
* AEM rovers
* Uni
* EXA/AEC lunar orbiter
* B330
* CAPSTONE (December)
* DART / LICIA (June)
* Dream Chaser (September)
* Hakuto-R M1 (October)
* IXPE (April)
* James Webb Space Telescope (March)
* Landsat 9 (January)
* Lucy (October)
* Luna 25 (July)
* Nova-C (July)
* PROBA-3 (Q2)
* PTScientists
* Tianhe
* SES-17
* Space RIDER
* UN/Dream Chaser
* Wentian
* XPoSat

2022|

* Biomass (October)
* DESTINY+
* EarthCARE (June)
* Euclid (June)
* HTV-X1
* JUICE (June)
* KPLO (July)
* MetOp-SG Series A
* NISAR (September)
* Power and Propulsion Element (December)
* Prichal
* Psyche (August)
* PUNCH / TRACERS
* Soyuz GVK-1
* SpaceX Starship (1st Mars departure)
* TEREX-1
* Weather System Follow-on Microwave
* XRISM / SLIM (January)

2023|

* Chang'e 7
* Hakuto-R M2 (March)
* MetOp-SG Series B
* QZS-5
* QZS-6
* QZS-7
* Shukrayaan-1
* SMILE
* SPHEREx

2024+|

* Chang'e 6 (2023 or 2024)
* FLEX
* GOES-U (2024)
* Hera / APEX / Juventas (October 2024)
* IMAP / SWFO-L1 (October 2024)
* Luna 26 (2024)
* MMX (September 2024)
* MOM 2 (2024)
* Small-JASMINE (2024)
* ZhengHe (2024)
* Europa Clipper (2025)
* Luna 27 (2025)
* Luna 28 (2025+)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* Dragonfly (2026)
* PLATO (2026)
* Venera-D (2026 or 2031)
* Chang'e 8 (2027)
* LiteBIRD (2027)
* ARIEL / Comet Interceptor]] (2028)
* ATHENA (2031)
* LISA (2034)

TBA|

* Energia-100
* Europa Lander (2025?)
* KiwiSAT
* Lybid 1
* Nano-JASMINE
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission
* WFIRST (mid-2020s)

Recently
launched|

* Progress MS-13 (6 December)
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-02B (7 December)
* HEAD-2A / 2B (7 December)
* GLONASS-M List of GLONASS satellites

* List of proposed missions to the Moon
* List of proposed space observatories

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