Graphene foam

Schematic of the synthesis of graphene foam using a Ni template (top) and photographs of the products (bottom) Electron micrographs of the graphene foam prepared using a Ni template

Graphene foam is a solid, open-cell foam made of single-layer sheets of graphene.[1][2] It is a candidate substrate for the electrode of lithium-ion batteries.

## Contents

* 1 Synthesis
* 2 Applications
* 2.1 Electrode
* 2.2 Support
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading

## Synthesis

The foam can be manufactured using vapor deposition to coat a metal foam, a three-dimensional mesh of metal filaments. The metal is then removed.[1]

## Applications

### Electrode

A physically flexible battery was created using the foam for electrodes. The anode was made by coating the foam with a lithium-titanium compound (Li4Ti5O12) and the cathode by coating the foam with LiFePO4. Both electrodes were lightweight and their large surface area provided high energy density of 110 Wh/kg, comparable to commercial batteries.[1]

Power density was much greater than a typical battery. At a rate that completely discharged the material in 18 seconds, power delivered was 80 percent of what it produced during an hour-long discharge. Performance remained stable through 500 charge/discharge cycles.[1]

### Support

In 2017 researchers used carbon nanotubes to reinforce a foam. The latter material supports 3,000 times its own weight and can return to its original shape when unweighted. Nanotubes, a powdered nickel catalyst and sugar were mixed. Dried pellets of the substance were then compressed in a steel die in the shape of a screw. The nickel was removed, leaving a screw-shaped piece of foam. The nanotubes' outer layers split and bonded with the graphene.[3]

## See also

* Aerographene
* Foam
* Lithium-ion battery

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Li, Na; Chen, Zongping; Ren, Wencai; Li, Feng; Cheng, Hui-Ming (23 October 2012). "Flexible graphene-based lithium ion batteries with ultrafast charge and discharge rates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (43): 17360–17365. doi:10.1073/pnas.1210072109. PMID 23045691. Bibcode: 2012PNAS..10917360L. \+ Supplement.
2. ↑ Timmer, John (2012). "The fast and the flexible: Graphene foam batteries charge quickly". https://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/the-fast-and-the-flexible-graphene-foam-batteries-charge-quickly/.
3. ↑ Irving, Michael (2017-02-13). ""Rebar graphene" foam supports 3,000 times its own weight". http://newatlas.com/graphene-reinforced-carbon-nanotube-3000-times-weight/47895.

## Further reading

* Paronyan, Tereza M.; Thapa, Arjun Kumar; Sherehiy, Andriy; Jasinski, Jacek B.; Jangam, John Samuel Dilip (6 January 2017). "Incommensurate Graphene Foam as a High Capacity Lithium Intercalation Anode". Scientific Reports 7 (1): 39944. doi:10.1038/srep39944. PMID 28059110. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...739944P.

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