List of β-lactam antibiotics

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Template:Beta-lactam core structures

This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics--both administered drugs and those not in clinical use--organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by their nonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed.

## Contents

* 1 Penams
* 1.1 Narrow-spectrum
* 1.1.1 β-lactamase-sensitive
* 1.1.2 β-lactamase-resistant
* 1.2 Broad spectrum
* 1.3 Extended spectrum (Antipseudomonal)
* 1.3.1 Carboxypenicillins
* 1.3.2 Ureidopenicillins
* 2 Cephems
* 2.1 First generation (moderate spectrum)
* 2.2 Second generation (moderate spectrum)
* 2.2.1 With anti-Haemophilus activity
* 2.2.2 With anti-anaerobic activity
* 2.3 Third generation (broad spectrum)
* 2.4 Fourth generation (broad spectrum)
* 2.5 Fifth generation* (broad spectrum)
* 3 Carbapenems and penems
* 4 Monobactams
* 5 β-lactamase inhibitors

## Penams

Penicillin G Amoxicillin

Main articles: Chemistry:Penicillin and Penam

### Narrow-spectrum

#### β-lactamase-sensitive

* Benzathine
* benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
* Benzathine penicillin G
* Benzathine penicillin V
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
* Procaine penicillin
* Pheneticillin

#### β-lactamase-resistant

* Cloxacillin
* Dicloxacillin
* Flucloxacillin
* Methicillin
* Nafcillin
* Oxacillin
* Temocillin

### Broad spectrum

* Amoxicillin
* Ampicillin

### Extended spectrum (Antipseudomonal)

Main article: Chemistry:Extended-spectrum penicillin

* Mecillinam
* Piperacillin
* Carbenicillin
* Ticarcillin

#### Carboxypenicillins

* Carbenicillin
* Ticarcillin

#### Ureidopenicillins

* Azlocillin
* Mezlocillin
* Piperacillin

## Cephems

Cephalosporin C Cefoxitin

Main articles: Chemistry:Cephalosporin, Cephamycin, and Cephem

### First generation (moderate spectrum)

* Cefazolin
* Cephalexin
* Cephalosporin C
* Cephalothin
* Cefapirin

### Second generation (moderate spectrum)

cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil

#### With anti-Haemophilus activity

* Cefaclor
* Cefamandole
* Cefuroxime

#### With anti-anaerobic activity

* Cefotetan
* Cefoxitin

### Third generation (broad spectrum)

* Cefixime
* Cefotaxime
* Cefpodoxime
* Ceftazidime
* Ceftriaxone
* Cefdinir

### Fourth generation (broad spectrum)

(With β-lactamase stability and enhanced activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

* Cefepime
* Cefpirome

### Fifth generation* (broad spectrum)

(activity against MRSA and variably VRE. *Not universally accepted nomenclature. NO Antipseudomonal activity, mostly ceftriaxone coverage with additional MRSA and some VRE)

* Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole

## Carbapenems and penems

(Broadest spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics)

Thienamycin

Main articles: Chemistry:Carbapenem and Penem

* Biapenem
* Doripenem
* Ertapenem
* Faropenem
* Imipenem
* Meropenem
* Panipenem
* Razupenem
* Tebipenem
* Thienamycin

## Monobactams

Aztreonam

Main article: Chemistry:Monobactam

* Aztreonam
* Tigemonam
* Nocardicin A
* Tabtoxinine β-lactam (does not inhibit penicillin-binding proteins)

## β-lactamase inhibitors

Clavulanic Acid

* Clavulanic acid
* Tazobactam
* Sulbactam
* Avibactam

* v
* t
* e

Antibiotics active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)

Intracellular|

* Inhibit peptidoglycan subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
* DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
* bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

Glycopeptide|

* Inhibit PG chain elongation: Vancomycin# (Oritavancin
* Telavancin)
* Teicoplanin (Dalbavancin)
* Ramoplanin§

β-lactams/
(inhibit PBP
cross-links)|

| Penicillins
(Penams)|

| Narrow
spectrum|

| β-lactamase sensitive
(1st generation)|

* Benzylpenicillin (G)#
* Benzathine benzylpenicillin#
* Procaine benzylpenicillin#
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)#
* Propicillin‡
* Pheneticillin‡
* Azidocillin‡
* Clometocillin‡
* Penamecillin‡

|

β-lactamase resistant
(2nd generation)|

* Cloxacillin# (Dicloxacillin
* Flucloxacillin)
* Oxacillin
* Nafcillin
* Methicillin‡

Extended
spectrum|

| Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)|

* Amoxicillin#
* Ampicillin# (Pivampicillin
* Hetacillin‡
* Bacampicillin‡
* Metampicillin‡
* Talampicillin‡)
* Epicillin‡

|

Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)|

* Ticarcillin
* Carbenicillin‡ / Carindacillin‡
* Temocillin‡

Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)|

* Piperacillin
* Azlocillin‡
* Mezlocillin‡

Other|

* Mecillinam‡ (Pivmecillinam‡)
* Sulbenicillin‡

Penems|

* Faropenem‡
* Ritipenem§

Carbapenems|

* Ertapenem
* Antipseudomonal (Doripenem
* Imipenem
* Meropenem)
* Biapenem‡
* Panipenem‡

Cephalosporins
/ Cephamycins
(Cephems)|

| 1st generation|

* Cefazolin#
* Cefalexin #
* Cefadroxil
* Cefapirin
* Cefazedone‡
* Cefazaflur‡
* Cefradine‡
* Cefroxadine‡
* Ceftezole‡
* Cefaloglycin‡
* Cefacetrile‡
* Cefalonium‡
* Cefaloridine‡
* Cefalotin‡
* Cefatrizine‡

|

2nd generation|

* Cefaclor
* Cefotetan
* Cephamycin (Cefoxitin
* Cefprozil
* Cefuroxime
* Cefuroxime axetil
* Cefamandole‡
* Cefminox‡
* Cefonicid‡
* Ceforanide‡
* Cefbuperazone‡
* Cefuzonam‡
* Cefmetazole‡)
* Carbacephem‡ (Loracarbef‡)

3rd generation|

* Cefixime#
* Ceftriaxone#
* Cefotaxime#
* Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime#
* Cefoperazone‡)
* Cefdinir
* Cefcapene
* Cefdaloxime
* Ceftizoxime
* Cefmenoxime
* Cefpiramide
* Cefpodoxime
* Ceftibuten
* Cefditoren
* Cefotiam‡
* Cefetamet‡
* Cefodizime‡
* Cefpimizole‡
* Cefsulodin‡
* Cefteram‡
* Ceftiolene‡
* Oxacephem (Flomoxef‡
* Latamoxef‡)

4th generation|

* Cefepime
* Cefozopran‡
* Cefpirome‡
* Cefquinome‡

5th generation|

* Ceftaroline fosamil
* Ceftolozane
* Ceftobiprole

Veterinary|

* Ceftiofur
* Cefquinome
* Cefovecin

Monobactams|

* Aztreonam#
* Tigemonam‡
* Carumonam‡
* Nocardicin A‡

β-lactamase inhibitors|

* Penam (Sulbactam
* Tazobactam)
* Clavam (Clavulanic acid]])
* Sulbactam
* non-β-lactam (Relebactam
* Avibactam
* Vaborbactam)

Combinations|

* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid#
* Imipenem/cilastatin#
* Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
* Ampicillin/flucloxacillin
* Ampicillin/sulbactam (Sultamicillin)
* Ceftazidime/avibactam
* Piperacillin/tazobactam
* Ceftolozane/tazobactam
* Cefoperazone/sulbactam
* Meropenem/vaborbactam

Other|

* polymyxins/detergent
* Colistin
* Polymyxin B
* depolarizing
* Daptomycin
* Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
* lysozyme
* Tyrothricin
* Gramicidin
* Tyrocidine
* Isoniazid#
* Teixobactin

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

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