Paphies australis

Short description: Species of bivalve

For other uses, see Pipi (disambiguation).

Paphies australis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Mollusca
Class:  | Bivalvia
Order:  | Venerida
Superfamily:  | Mactroidea
Family:  | Mesodesmatidae
Genus:  | Paphies
Species:  |

P. australis

Binomial name
Paphies australis

Gmelin, 1790

Synonyms

* Donacilla novaezeelandiae d'Orbigny, 1845
* Erycina ovata Gray, 1825
* Machaena ovata Gray, 1843
* Mactra ovata Wood, 1828
* Mesodesma aucklandicum E von Martens, 1879
* Mesodesma chemnitzii Deshayes, 1832
* Mesodesma ovalis Reeve, 1854
* Mya atlantica Spengler, 1793
* Mya australis Gmelin, 1791 (original combination)
* Paphies (Crassatella) roissyana Lesson, 1831
* Paphies roissyana Lesson, 1831

Paphies australis or pipi (from the Māori language) is a bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand.[1]

The pipi is a shellfish with a solid white, elongated symmetrical shell with the apex at the middle. It is covered by a thin yellow periostracum. Its closest relative, the tuatua (Paphies subtriangulata), has an asymmetrical shell, with an off-centre hinge.

The pipi is abundant on flat sandy beaches, in sandy and silty mud in estuaries, and harbours where there is considerable water flow.

By releasing a thread of mucus, which makes them more buoyant, they are able to float in the water column and move to new locations. Where they find good living conditions, their numbers can exceed more than 1000 individuals per square metre.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Pipi as food
* 2 Conservation
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Pipi as food

Pipi are edible and easily collected for food; traditional cooking methods include boiling and making into fritters. They are often used as the "clams" in clam chowder. The harvest limit in New Zealand is 50 per person per day, and although a minimum size is not stipulated in the regulations, only larger pipi should be taken. For Māori, pipi are a traditional food resource, and in earlier times were gathered in specific flax baskets made for this purpose. Smaller specimens would fall between the woven strips and back into the beds to grow as the basket was gently swirled through the water.

Maximum length is 83 millimetres (3.3 in), and height 51 millimetres (2.0 in).

## Conservation

Although it is an under-researched field, it is known that population health of pipi has been declining in Northern New Zealand since at least 2009.[3]

## References

1. ↑ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Paphies australis (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=505806 on 2021-06-03
2. ↑ "Cockles and Pipis, alive, alive-oh" (Press release). 4 January 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
3. ↑ Howells, Joanne (June 2024). "Testing a health baseline during a bivalve mollusc mortality event: An investigation into die-offs of pipi Paphies australis from Aotearoa New Zealand". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 204. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2024.108110. PMID 38631558. Bibcode: 2024JInvP.20408110H.

* Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

## External links

* Paphies australis on New Zealand Mollusca

* v
* t
* e

Commercial mollusks

Marine gastropods|

* Abalone
* Periwinkle
* Whelk
* Buccinum undatum
* Bullacta exarata
* Kelletia kelletii
* Kelletia lischkei

Land and freshwater gastropods|

* Helix pomatia
* Cornu aspersum
* Helix aperta
* Cepaea nemoralis
* Otala lactea
* Escargot

Free-swimming marine bivalves|

* Scallop
* Queen scallop
* Pecten maximus
* Pecten jacobaeus
* Argopecten irradians
* Placopecten magellanicus

Infaunal bivalves|

* Clam
* Atlantic surf clam
* Soft-shell clam
* Mercenaria mercenaria
* Austrovenus stutchburyi
* Saxidomus nuttalli
* Arctica islandica
* Cockle
* Geoduck
* Spisula solidissima
* Paphies ventricosa
* Paphies australis
* Tuatua
* Ruditapes largillierti
* Grooved carpet shell

Sessile bivalves|

* Oyster
* Mussel
* Pearl oyster
* Pinctada maxima

Freshwater bivalves|

* Freshwater pearl mussel

Cephalopods|

* Octopus
* Squid

Techniques|

* Heliciculture
* Gathering by hand
* Clam digging
* Dredging
* Oyster farming
* Oyster boats
* Pearl farming
* Pearl diving
* Ama divers
* Trawling

List of fishing topics by subject

* v
* t
* e

Fisheries and fishing topic areas

Fisheries|

* Aquaculture
* Diversity of fish
* Fish diseases and parasites
* Fish farming
* Fisheries management
* Fisheries science
* Individual fishing quota
* Sustainable fishery
* Overfishing
* Wild fisheries

Fishing|

* Artisanal fishing
* Fisherman
* Fishing vessel
* History of fishing

Industry|

* List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
* By country
* Commercial fishing
* Marketing
* Markets
* Processing
* Products
* Seafood

Recreation|

* Angling
* Big-game fishing
* Catch and release
* Fishing tournaments
* Fly fishing

Techniques|

* Fish trap
* Fishfinder
* Fishing net
* Gathering seafood by hand
* Handline fishing
* Spearfishing
* Trawling
* Trolling

Tackle|

* Artificial flies
* Bait
* Bite indicators
* Hook
* Line
* Lures
* Rod
* Sinker

Locations|

* Fish ponds
* Fishing banks
* Fishing villages
* Marine habitats

* Glossary
* Index
* Outline
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Edible mollusks

Bivalves|

| Clams|

* Atlantic jackknife
* Atlantic surf
* Geoduck
* Grooved carpet shell
* Hard clam
* Horse
* Mactra stultorum
* Blunt gaper
* Ocean quahog
* Pacific razor
* Venus
* California butterclam
* Senilia senilis
* Smooth clam
* Soft-shell
* Triangle shell
* Tuatua
* Japanese littleneck
* Razor clam
* Pod razor
* Ensis (razor genus)
* Paphies

|

Cockles|

* Common
* Blood
* Goolwa
* New Zealand
* Sydney

Mussels|

* Blue
* Mediterranean
* New Zealand green-lipped
* California
* Brown
* Asian/Philippine green
* Date
* Mytilidae (mussel family)

Oysters|

* Eastern
* Olympia
* Southern mud
* Colchester native
* Pacific
* Portuguese
* Windowpane
* Rock
* Sydney rock
* Ostra chilena/Bluff
* Gillardeau oysters
* Crassostrea ("true oyster" genus)

Scallops|

* Atlantic bay
* Great/king
* New Zealand
* Pecten jacobaeus
* Peruvian calico
* Yesso
* Placopecten magellanicus

Gastropods|

| Abalone|

* White
* Red
* Black
* Green
* Pink
* Blacklip
* Greenlip
* Green ormer
* Paua (group of three species)
* South African abalone
* Chilean

|

Conches|

* Queen
* Elegant
* Dog

Limpets|

* Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
* Turtle/talc
* Yellow-foot opihi
* China
* Common European
* Rayed Mediterranean
* Ribbed Mediterranean
* Rustic

Periwinkles|

* Common
* Banded
* Littorina sitkana

Whelks|

* Common
* Kellet's
* Kelletia lischkei
* Knobbed
* Lightning
* Channeled

Other snails|

| Sea|

* Mud-flat
* Korean mud
* Chorus giganteus

|

Land|

* Cornu aspersum
* Helix lucorum
* Helix pomatia

Freshwater|

* Apple
* Nerites

Inkfish|

| Cuttlefish|

* Spineless
* Bottletail

|

Octopus|

* Common
* Atlantic white-spotted
* Big blue
* Pacific giant
* Southern red
* Mimic
* Amphioctopus fangsiao

Squid|

* New Zealand arrow
* Japanese flying
* Humboldt
* Neon flying

Chitons|

* Chiton magnificus
* Acanthopleura echinata
* Acanthopleura granulata

Related topics|

* Oyster farming
* Land snail farming
* Gastropod anatomy
* Bivalve anatomy

Category

Wikidata ☰ Q3013103 entry

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