Dhow

Dhow (/daʊ/; Arabic: داو, romanized: dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region.[1] Typically sporting long thin hulls, dhows are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items, such as fruit, fresh water, or other heavy merchandise, along the coasts of Eastern Arabia,[2] Iran, East Africa, Yemen and coastal South Asia. Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty and smaller ones typically around twelve.

## Contents

* 1 Etymology
* 2 History
* 2.1 Since the 20th century
* 3 Navigation
* 4 Types
* 5 Museums
* 6 Gallery
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Bibliography
* 10 Further reading
* 11 External links

## Etymology

There are several versions of the origin of the word "dau". Previously, it was believed that it could be of Arabic or Persian origin (and although in the 21st century there is no such word in either Arabic or Persian, some Dutch documents from the 17th-18th centuries indicate that then the Persian word dawh meant "small ship"). Recently, most researchers are inclined to believe that this term comes from daw in the language of the Swahili people in East Africa, which means "vessel". However, regardless of the sources of its origin, the use of "dhow" as a collective term to refer to the boats of the Indian Ocean with characteristic "Arabian" sails, was introduced definitely by Europeans. Since in the European tradition ships were classified mainly according to their sailing equipment, all the ships of the Indian Ocean that carried similar Arabian sails and looked more or less the same to the untrained European eye were known to as Europeans by a single word, "dhow".[3]

At the same time, neither the Arabs nor the Indians use the term "dhow" to refer to their vessels collectively. The collective terms used in Arabic for ships are markab, khashab and falūka; falūka is related to the term fulk (Arabic: فُلك) used in the Qur'an to describe Noah's ark.[4] On the other hand, the peoples of the Indian Ocean use separate special names for each type of ship, differing from each other mainly not in sailing rigging, but in size, hull design and number of masts.[5]

## History

The exact origins of the dhow are lost to history. Most scholars believe that it originated in India from 600 BC to 600 AD, although there are some who claim that the sanbuk, a type of dhow, may be derived from the Portuguese caravel.[6][7] However, Portuguese caravels only appeared in the area in the late 15th century.

The dhow was the ship of trade first used by the Somalis. The Somali people who are known to have the oldest surviving dhow which is called Beden, have traded with the ancient world from Egypt, Babylon, as well as the civilizations of the Far East, carrying valuable frankincense, myrrh, gold, etc. It was the Somali merchants that first introduced exotic animals from Africa to the Ming Dynasty. The dhow was used to transport a giraffe to the Chinese Emperor Yong Le's court, in 1414.[8] Another source suggests the ship that carried the giraffe to China was part of a large Chinese fleet led by Zheng He.[9]

The Yemeni Hadhrami people, as well as Omanis, for centuries came to Beypore, in Kerala, India for their dhows. This was because of the good timber in the Kerala forests, the availability of good coir rope, and the skilled shipwrights. In former times, the sheathing planks of a dhow's hull was held together by coconut rope. Beypore dhows are known as 'Uru' in Malayalam, the local language of Kerala. Settlers from Yemen, known as 'Baramis', or 'Daramis' which could be derived from the word 'Hardamis' are still active in making urus in Kerala.

Dhows were extensively used for the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade, which the Royal Navy attempted to suppress. In his 1873 book, Captain G. L. Sulivan described "four different kinds of coasting dhows, as shown in the engravings, viz. the Bateele, the Badane, Bugala or genuine Dhow, and the Matapa boat".[10]

### Since the 20th century

Moroccan dhow.

In the 1920s, British writers identified Al Hudaydah as the centre for dhow building. Those built in Al Hudaydah were smaller in size, and used for travel along the coasts. They were constructed of acacia found in Yemen.[11] They are distinguishable for their smaller triangular sails on movable bases to harvest the irregular winds of the Red Sea.[12]

Captain Alan Villiers (1903–1982) documented the days of sailing trade in the Indian Ocean by sailing on dhows between 1938 and 1939 taking numerous photographs and publishing books on the subject of dhow navigation.[13][14]

Even to the present day, dhows make commercial journeys between the Persian Gulf and East Africa using sails as their only means of propulsion. Their cargo is mostly dates and fish to East Africa and mangrove timber to the lands in the Persian Gulf. They often sail south with the monsoon in winter or early spring, and back again to Arabia in late spring or early summer.[15]

## Navigation

For celestial navigation, dhow sailors have traditionally used the kamal, an observation device that determines latitude by finding the angle of the Pole Star above the horizon.[16]

## Types

A Shu'ai in the Persian Gulf

* Baghlah (بغلة) – from the Arabic language word for "mule". A heavy ship, the traditional deep-sea dhow.
* Baqarah or baggarah (بقارة) – from the Arabic word for "cow". Old type of small dhow similar to the Battil.[17]
* Barijah – small dhow.[18]
* Battil (بتيل) – featured long stems topped by large, club-shaped stem heads.
* Beden – a smaller vessel requiring a shallow draft.
* Boom (Arabic: بوم, romanized: būm) or dhangi – a large-sized dhow with a stern that is tapering in shape and a more symmetrical overall structure. The Arab boum has a very high prow, which is trimmed in the Indian version.[19]
* Ghanjah (غنجة) or kotiya – a large vessel, similar to the Baghlah, with a curved stem and a sloping, ornately carved transom.[20]
* Jahazi or jihazi (جهازي). A fishing or trading dhow with a broad hull similar to the jalibut, common in Lamu Island and the coast of Oman. It is also used in Bahrain for the pearl industry.[21] The word comes from jahāz (جهاز), a Persian word for "ship".[22]
* Jaliboot or jelbut (جالبوت). A small to medium-sized dhow. It is the modern version of the shu'ai with a shorter prow stem piece. Most jalibuts are fitted with engines.
* Patamar, a type of Indian dhow.
* Sambuk or sambuq (صنبوق) – the largest type of dhow seen in the Persian Gulf today. It has a characteristic keel design, with a sharp curve right below the top of the prow. It has been one of the most successful dhows in history.[23] The word is cognate with the Greek σαμβύκη sambúkē, ultimately from Middle Persian sambūk.[24]
* Shu'ai (شوعي). Medium-sized dhow. Formerly the most common dhow in the Persian Gulf used for fishing as well as for coastal trade.
* Zaruq – small dhow, slightly larger than a barijah[25]
* Dhoni – Maldivian traditional multi-purpose sail vessel.

The term "dhow" is sometimes also applied to certain smaller lateen-sail rigged boats traditionally used in the Red Sea, the eastern Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf area, as well as in the Indian Ocean from Madagascar to the Bay of Bengal. These include the feluccas used in Egypt, Sudan and Iraq,[4] and the dhoni used in the Maldives, as well as the tranki, ghrab and ghalafah.[26] All these vessels have common elements with the dhow. On the Swahili Coast, in countries such as Kenya, the Swahili word used for dhow is "jahazi".[1]

## Museums

The Kuwaiti Maritime Museum in Salmiya, Kuwait, holds replicas of a number of different types of dhows.[27]

The Al-Hashemi-II (1997-2001), in Kuwait City, Kuwait, was recognized by Guinness World Record as the largest wooden dhow ever built; it has never been floated and is used for events.

## Gallery

* Dhow seen off the coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

* Dhow seen in the Indian Ocean

* A dhow in the desert in Qatar

* A painting of a Baghlah, traditional deep sea dhow

* Construction and repair of dhows in Sur, Oman

* Dhow ferrying passengers near Inhambane, Mozambique

* A small dhow in Zanzibar

* 1937 stamp of Aden, Yemen depicting a dhow

* Boom in the Maritime Museum in Kuwait City commemorating the founding of Kuwait as a sea port for merchants

* Patamar on a 10 Indian rupee note

* Model of a Sambuk

* Dhow on the Shatt al-Arab (1958)

## See also

* Felucca
* Fusta
* Guilalo
* Kattumaram
* Uru (boat)
* Xebec
* Mahhat - Traditional Boat in Corporate Games

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Briggs, Philip. "Dhows of the Swahili coast". Zanzibar Travel Guide. http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1904..
2. ↑ Bowen, Richard Lebaron (1949). Arab Dhows of Eastern Arabia. https://books.google.com/books?id=LG4gAAAAMAAJ.
3. ↑ Hourani, George Fadlo; Carswell, John (1995). Arab Seafaring: In the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times (expanded ed.). Princeton, N.J., USA: Princeton University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780691000329. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691000329/arab-seafaring.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Agius, Dionisius A. (2019). The Life of the Red Sea Dhow: A Cultural History of Seaborne Exploration in the Islamic World. London, U.K.: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 16-17. ISBN 978-1-78672-487-8. https://www.google.com.my/books/edition/The_Life_of_the_Red_Sea_Dhow/PiaODwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq="fulk"+dhow&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover.
5. ↑ Holtzman, Bob (2009-06-24). "Indigenous Boats: What's a Dhow?". http://indigenousboats.blogspot.com/2009/06/whats-dhow.html.
6. ↑ Taylor, James. "Traditional Arab sailing ships". The British-Yemeni Society. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120715154255/http://al-bab.com/bys/articles/taylor03.htm. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
7. ↑ Sanbuk – Robert's Model ships and boats
8. ↑ Chris McIntyre; Susan McIntyre (2013). Zanzibar. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-84162-458-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=Rtpv6DqJK6cC&pg=PA6.
9. ↑ Duyvendak, JJL (1938). The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century. pp. 341–413.
10. ↑ Sulivan, G.L. (1873). Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on the Eastern Coast of Africa: Narrative of Five Years' Experiences in the Suppression of the Slave Trade. S. Low, Marston, Low & Searle. p. 102. https://books.google.com/books?id=bg8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
11. ↑ Prothero, GW (1920). Arabia. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 99. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/.
12. ↑ "صناعة القوارب". https://yemen-nic.info/tourism_site/heritable/detail.php?ID=21289.
13. ↑ Villiers, Alan (2006). Sons of Sinbad : an account of sailing with the Arabs in their Dhows, in the Red Sea, round the coasts of Arabia, and to Zanzibar and Tanganyika; pearling in the Persian Gulf; and the life of the shipmasters and mariners of Kuwait. Facey, William, 1948–, Ḥijjī, Yaʻqūb Yūsuf., Pundyk, Grace., Markaz al-Buḥūth wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Kuwaytīyah (Kuwait). London: Arabian Pub. in association with the Centre for Research and Studies in Kuwait. ISBN 0954479238. OCLC 61478193.
14. ↑ Villiers, Allan (15 October 2018) (in en). Monsoon Seas the Story of the Indian Ocean. Creative Media Partners, LLC. ISBN 9780343245221. https://books.google.com/books?id=p8uovQEACAAJ.
15. ↑ "Arab wayfinding on land and at sea: An historical comparison of traditional navigation techniques - ProQuest" (in en). https://www.proquest.com/openview/1c8358748c38b27c4dd3509de3d67dc5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.
16. ↑ Ives, Ronald L. (1961-09-01). "Navigating with the Kamal" (in EN). Journal of Geography. doi:10.1080/00221346108982355. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221346108982355.
17. ↑ "The Traditional Dhow". Ministry of Information. http://www.omanet.om/english/culture/boats.asp?cat=cult.
18. ↑ Hourani, George Fadlo; Carswell, John (1995), Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Princeton University Press .
19. ↑ "Dhow Ship – Types", Marine engineering, Bright hub, http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/marine/articles/57371.aspx, retrieved 14 March 2010 .
20. ↑ "Ghanjah", Cog and Galley ships, http://www.cogandgalleyships.com/blog/496151-ghanjah/, retrieved 4 October 2011 .
21. ↑ Dhow sailing in Kenya, UK: Diani beach, http://www.dianibeach.co.uk/sailing.htm .
22. ↑ Agius 2008, p. 316.
23. ↑ Oman, a Seafaring Nation, Oman: Ministry of Information, 1979 .
24. ↑ Agius 2008, p. 314.
25. ↑ Xavier, Sandy. "Zaruq". Sympatico. http://www3.sympatico.ca/sandyxavier/emirates/adventur/zaruqpic.htm.
26. ↑ Abdullah, Thabit AJ (2000), The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra, Social and Economic History of the Middle East, SUNY, ISBN 978-0-7914-4808-3 .
27. ↑ Ben Garcia (August 19, 2021). "Preserving and protecting Kuwait's maritime heritage". Kuwait Times. https://www.kuwaittimes.com/preserving-and-protecting-kuwaits-maritime-heritage/.

## Bibliography

* Agius, Dionisius A (2008), Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean, Brill, ISBN 978-90-0415863-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=RP2uHT06zYgC .

## Further reading

* Bowen, Richard LeBaron, Essay on the tradition of painting eyes, known as oculi, on the bows of boats among mariners and fishermen from ancient times to the present. Found particularly in the Indian Ocean region .
* Hawkins, Clifford W. (1977). The dhow: an illustrated history of the dhow and its world. Nautical Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0245526558.
* Anthony Jack, Arab dhows.
* Kaplan, Marion (2015). So Old a Ship: Twilight of the Arab dhow. Moho Books. ISBN 978-0955720826.
* Martin, Esmond Bradley, The decline of Kenya's dhow trade .
* ~~ ~~; Martin, Chryssee Perry (1979), foreword by Elspeth Huxley, "Cargoes of the east : the ports, trade, and culture of the Arabian Seas and western Indian Ocean", The Geographical Journal 145 (1): 130, doi:10.2307/633106, Bibcode: 1979GeogJ.145..130K .
* Henri Perrier, Djibouti's dhows.
* A.H.J. Prins, Sailing from Lamu: A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa. Assen: van Gorcum & Comp., 1965.
* A.H.J. Prins. The Persian Gulf Dhows: Two Variants in Maritime Enterprise. Persica: Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran, No.II (1965–1966): pp. 1–18.
* A.H.J. Prins. The Persian Gulf Dhows: Notes on the Classification of Mid-Eastern Sea-Craft. Persica: Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran, No.VI (1972–1974): pp. 157–1166.
* A.H.J. Prins. A Handbook of Sewn Boats. Maritime Monographs and Reports No.59. Greenwich, London:: National Maritime Museum, 1986.
* Tessa Rihards, Dhow building : survival of an ancient craft.

## External links

* "Al wakrah vagina stadium, Qatar world", The Mirror (UK), 19 November 2013, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/al-wakrah-vagina-stadium-qatar-world-2807997 . Stadium based on the design of the Dhow.
* History of the dhow, http://nabataea.net/ships.html .
* "Dhows of Kuwait", Kuwait boom, http://www.kuwaitboom.com/history/eng_ver/eng_main.htm .
* Lloyd, Christopher (1968), The Navy and the Slave Trade, Psychology Press, ISBN 9780714618944, https://books.google.com/books?id=21Wckk4V-roC&pg=PA195 .
* Mondfeld, Wolfram (in de), Die arabische Dau, DE: Modell marine, http://www.modellmarine.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=930 .
* Vosmer, Tom, The durable dhow, Archaeology, http://www.archaeology.org/9705/abstracts/dhow.html .
* Maritime activities of the Arab Gulf people and the Indian Ocean World in the 11th and 12th centuries, JP: Tufs, http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/21658/1/jaas014007.pdf, retrieved 31 October 2008 .

* v
* t
* e

Ancient seafaring

Vessels

| Types|

* Balangay
* Bangka
* Beden
* Coracle
* Dhow
* Dragon boat
* Dugout canoe
* Fire ship
* Galley
* Penteconter
* Kunlun ship
* Liburna
* Longship
* Multihull
* Navis lusoria
* Obelisk ship
* Outriggers
* Sakman
* Single-outrigger
* Catamaran
* Trimaran
* Polyremes
* Bireme
* Oared warships
* Trireme
* Quadrireme
* Quinquereme
* Hexareme
* Tessarakonteres
* Raft
* Reed boat
* Sailing ship
* Solar ship
* Tomol
* Tākitimu
* Uru

|

by region|

* Austronesia
* Egypt
* Persia
* Rome

Propulsion|

* Paddling
* Sailing
* Towing
* Poling

Components|

* Anchor
* Bow
* Cabin
* Deck
* Figurehead
* Hull
* Planking
* Keel
* Mast
* Oar
* Paddle
* Rope
* Rudder
* Steering oar
* Sail
* Sail components
* Stem
* Sternpost
* Strake
* Tiller

Construction|

* Boat building
* Careening
* Carvel built
* Clinker built
* Dugout
* Framing
* Frame-first
* Shell-first
* Joinery
* Lashed-lug
* Mortise and tenon
* Phoenician joint
* Scarf joint
* Sewn-plank
* Shipbuilding
* By region:
* Egypt

Rigging|

* Crab claw
* Fore-and-aft
* Lateen
* Settee
* Tanja
* Triangular sail
* Junk
* Mast-aft
* Spritsail
* Square

Armaments|

* Ballista
* Catapult
* Corvus
* Dolphin
* Fire ship
* Harpax
* Ram
* Sambuca

Wrecks
and relics|

| Earliest|

* Pesse canoe
* Dufuna canoe
* Abydos
* Moor Sand
* Dokos
* Khufu ship
* Ferriby Boats
* Dover Bronze Age Boat
* Uluburun
* Canaanite
* Cape Gelidonya
* Zambratija
* Rochelongue

|

Austronesia|

* Pontian boat
* Butuan boats

Black Sea‎|

* Sinop D

Greek|

* Kyrenia
* Leontophoros
* Syracusia
* Ashkelon
* Antikythera

Canaanite
and Phoenician|

* Bajo de la Campana
* Canaanite shipwreck
* Gozo
* Ma'agan Michael
* Mazarrón

Punic|

* Marsala Punic shipwreck

Roman|

* Alkedo
* Arles Rhône 3
* Blackfriars I
* Caligula's Giant Ship
* De Meern ships
* Isis
* Madrague de Giens
* Nemi ships
* Marausa
* Yassi Ada

Nordic|

* Hjortspring boat
* Nydam boat

Lists|

* Oldest surviving
* Museum ships
* Surviving ancient ships

Navigation, and ports and harbors

| Navigation|

* Celestial
* Charts
* Coastal
* Lighthouses
* History
* Ocean swell
* Stick chart
* Periplus
* Piloting
* Pilot boat
* Maritime pilot
* By region:
* Inuit
* Micronesian
* Polynesia

|

Ports and
harbors|

* Actium
* Aden
* Adulis
* Alexandria
* Apollonia
* Aradus
* Arikamedu
* Arsinoe
* Avalites
* Barbarikon
* Barygaza
* Basra
* Berenice Troglodytica
* Bosphorus
* Byblos
* Caesarea Maritima
* Canopus
* Carthage
* Centumcellae
* Charmutha
* Chittagong
* Delos
* Essina
* Giao Chỉ
* Godavaya
* Guangzhou
* Jambukola
* Jeddah
* Kaveri Poompattinam
* Kedah
* Korkai
* Leptis Magna
* Lothal
* Manthai
* Madurai
* Malao
* Mersa Gawasis
* Myos Hormos
* Martaban
* Mueang Phra Rot
* Muscat
* Muziris
* Narbonne
* Nesis
* Óc Eo (Cattigara)
* Opone
* Ostia Antica
* Palembang
* Piraeus
* Portus Augusti
* Portus Pisanus
* Prosphorion
* Ptolemais Theron
* Puteoli
* Qal'at al-Bahrain
* Qandala
* Quilon
* Rhacotis
* Sarapion
* Satingpra
* Sidon
* Socotra
* Sounagoura
* Thapsus
* Trincomalee
* Tulum
* Tyndis
* Tyre
* Wadi al-Jarf
* Zanzibar

History

| Prehistory|

* Timeline
* Britain
* Oceania
* Remote
* Near
* Ubaid period
* Indus Valley

|

Civilizations|

* Ancient Egypt
* Old Kingdom
* Austronesia
* Sa Huỳnh
* Lapita
* Micronesia
* Langkasuka
* Kedah
* Champa
* Kutai
* Tarumanagara
* Kalingga
* Srivijaya
* Sunda
* Polynesia
* Minoan
* Indus Valley
* Tamilakam
* Chola
* Chera
* Pandya
* Somalia
* Dilmun
* Maya
* Nuragic
* Mycenaean
* Phoenicia
* Olmecs
* Carthage
* Greece
* Archaic
* Classical
* Rome
* Achaemenid
* Nabatea
* Aksum

Migration and
exploration|

* Peopling of Australia
* Peopling of Micronesia
* Austronesian Expansion
* Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
* Ocean exploration
* Phoenician maritime expansion
* Sardinia
* Circumnavigation of Africa
* Pytheas's voyage to Britain
* Roman circumnavigation of Britain
* Timeline

Mariners and
explorers|

* Henenu
* Euthymenes
* Hanno the Navigator
* Himilco
* Sataspes
* Androsthenes of Thasos
* Archias of Pella
* Alexander the Great
* Nearchus
* Pytheas
* Megasthenes
* Xu Fu
* Hippalus
* Julius Caesar
* Eudoxus of Cyzicus
* Maes Titianus

Military|

| Navies|

* Egyptian
* Achaemenid
* Greek
* Roman

|

Battles|

* Mediterranean: Alashiya
* Nile Delta
* Salamis
* Artemisium
* Eurymedon
* Naupactus
* Olpae
* Syracuse
* Cynossema
* Arginusae
* Mytilene
* Hellespont
* Echinades
* Salamis II
* Mylae
* Cape Hermaeum
* Ecnomus
* Drepana
* Aegates
* Lake Trasimene
* Chios
* Myonessus
* Nile
* Naulochus
* Mycale
* Actium

Tactics|

* Boarding
* Grappling
* Incendiaries
* Oared vessels
* Sailing ships
* Greek navy
* Ramming

By region|

* China
* India
* Odisha
* Japan
* Rome
* South America
* Rafts

Economy and trade

* Whaling
* Fishing
* Egypt
* Land of Punt
* Indo–Mesopotamia relations
* Meluhha
* Tin
* Spice trade
* Austronesian network
* Sa Huynh-Kalanay
* Incense trade
* Maritime Silk Road
* Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
* Maya
* Greece
* Greco–Indian
* shipping
* Rome
* Indo–Roman

Piracy

* History
* Mediterranean piracy
* Ameinias the Phocian
* Cilician pirates
* Jewish pirates
* Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
* Pompey's campaign against the pirates

Research and education

| Scholars|

| Historians|

* David Blackman
* Lionel Casson
* Fik Meijer
* John Sinclair Morrison
* William L. Rodgers
* Chester G. Starr

|

Archaeologists|

* George Bass
* Jean-Yves Empereur
* Boris Rankov
* J. Richard Steffy
* Peter Throckmorton
* Shelley Wachsmann

Topics
and theories|

* Coastal defence and fortification
* Grave goods
* Lighthouses
* Alexandria
* Marine art
* Marine navigation
* Maritime archaeology
* Naval warfare
* Maritime temples
* Temple of Isthmia
* Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
* Samothrace temple complex
* Nusantao network
* Phoenician discovery of America
* Pre-Columbian theories
* Sea Peoples
* Shipbuilding
* Shell middens
* Ship burial
* Tacking
* Thalassocracy
* Underwater archaeology
* Underwater exploration

Sites|

* H3
* Qal'at al-Bahrain

Experimental
archaeology|

* Ship replica
* Heyerdahl expeditions
* Kon-Tiki
* Ra and Ra II
* Austronesian replicas
* Hōkūleʻa
* Sarimanok
* Te Au o Tonga
* Hawaiʻiloa canoe
* Samudra Raksa
* Alingano Maisu
* Saina
* Balangay Voyage
* Faʻafaite
* Gaualofa
* Marumaru Atua
* Mediterranean
* Olympias
* Regina
* Phoenician Ship Expedition
* Viking replicas
* Viking
* Others
* Vital Alsar
* Ivlia
* Abora
* Viracocha
* Tangaroa
* Oakleaf
* Morgawr

Institutes and
conferences|

* Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
* Archaeological Institute of America
* European Association of Archaeologists
* Institute of Nautical Archaeology
* International Congress of Maritime Museums
* Nautical Archaeology Society
* RPM Nautical Foundation
* Sea Research Society
* Society for American Archaeology

Museums and
memorials|

* Boat Museum, Kolkata
* Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
* Giza Solar boat museum
* Grand Egyptian Museum
* Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
* Museum of Ancient Seafaring
* Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
* National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
* Viking ship museums:
* Oslo
* Roskilde

Legend and literature

| Legend|

* Ark of bulrushes
* Flood myths
* Genesis
* Gilgamesh
* Greek

|

Literature|

* Odyssey
* Histories (Herodotus)
* On the Ocean
* Argonautica
* Histories (Polybius)
* Metamorphoses
* Geography
* Aeneid

* v
* t
* e

Types of sailing vessels and rigs

Overviews|

* Age of Sail
* Maritime history
* Age of Discovery

Sailing rigs|

* Bermuda rig
* Crab claw
* Fore-and-aft rig
* Gaff rig
* Gunter rig
* Junk rig
* Lateenrig
* Ljungström rig
* Lug rig
* Pinisi rig
* Square rig
* Tanja rig

By sailing rigs|

* Barque
* Barquentine
* Brig
* Brigantine
* Catboat
* Cutter
* Full-rigged ship
* Jackass-barque
* Ketch
* Lugger
* Mistico
* Schooner
* Sloop
* Yawl

Multihull vessels|

* ʻalia
* Amatasi
* Baurua
* Bigiw
* Camakau
* Catamaran
* Drua
* Guilalo
* Jukung
* Kalia
* Karakoa
* Kora kora
* Lakatoi
* Lanong
* Outrigger canoe
* Pahi
* Paraw
* Pentamaran
* Proa
* Quadrimaran
* Takia
* Tongiaki
* Trimaran
* Ungalawa
* Vinta

Naval and merchant
sailing ships
and other vessels
(by origin date)|

| Ancient|

* Balangay
* Boita
* Borobudur ship
* Dhow
* Fire ship
* Galley
* Penteconter
* Bireme
* Trireme
* Quadriremes
* Tessarakonteres
* Dromon
* Junk
* K'un-lun po
* Lepa
* Mtepe
* Uru

|

Post-classical|

* Balinger
* Benawa
* Birlinn
* Bomb vessel
* Cog
* Hulk
* Jong
* Knarr
* Koch
* Kondura
* Longship
* Malangbang
* Shitik
* Tongkang
* Zabra

15th c.|

* Carrack
* Chinese treasure ship
* Caravel
* Ghurab
* Lancaran
* Hoy
* Trabaccolo

16th c.|

* Crommesteven
* Galiot
* Galleon
* Galleass
* Ghali
* Flyboat
* Fluyt
* Full-rigged pinnace
* Lorcha
* Man-of-war
* Manchua
* Panokseon
* Patache
* Speronara
* Square-rigged caravel (round or de armada)
* Xebec

17th c.|

* Bermuda sloop
* Corvette
* Frigate
* Galeas
* Koff
* Pink
* Polacca
* Ship of the line

18th c.|

* Bilander
* Chialoup
* Chinaman
* Baltimore Clipper
* East Indiaman
* Gallivat
* Garay
* Grab
* Gundalow
* Lanong
* Padewakang
* Post ship
* 74-gun
* Ship of the line
* Sloop-of-war
* Toop
* Trincadour
* Slave ship
* West Indiaman

19th c.|

* Blackwall frigate
* Clipper
* Down Easter
* Golekan
* Iron-hulled sailing ship
* Warship
* Janggolan
* Lambo
* Leti leti
* Palari
* Tamar
* West Country
* Windjammer

20th c.|

* Montagu whaler

Fishing vessels|

* Bago
* Falkuša
* Felucca
* Herring buss
* Jangada
* Jukung
* Masula
* Mayang
* Patorani
* Nordland
* Sixareen
* Sgoth
* Smack
* Tartane
* Well smack
* Yoal

Recreational vessels|

* Dinghy
* Pocket cruiser
* Sailing hydrofoil
* Sailing yacht
* Sportsboat
* Trailer sailer
* Wharrams
* Windsurfer
* Yacht

Special terms|

* Inflatable
* Lashed lug
* Razee
* Sewn
* Tall ship
*   * ULDB

Other types|

* Bristol Channel pilot cutter
* Fusta
* Mersey flat
* Norfolk punt
* Norfolk wherry
* Pausik
* Pinnace (ship's boat)
* Pram
* Scow
* Sneakbox
* Thames sailing barge
* Wherry

Related|

* Nautical operations

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhow. Read more

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