Molybdenum deficiency

Molybdenum

Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate intake of molybdenum in the diet.

The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings.[1] However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition.[2][3]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Diagnosis
* 3 Treatment
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading
* 7 External links

## Signs and symptoms

Descriptions of human molybdenum deficiency are few. A patient receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition acquired a syndrome described as ‘acquired molybdenum deficiency.’ This syndrome, exacerbated by methionine administration, was characterized by high blood methionine, low blood uric acid, and low urinary uric acid and sulfate concentrations. The patient suffered mental disturbances that progressed to a coma.[1] Pathological changes occurring in individuals with a genetic disease that results in a sulfite oxidase (a molybdoenzyme) deficiency include increased plasma and urine sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate, S-sulfocysteine and taurine; seizures and brain atrophy/lesions; dislocated lenses; and death at an early age.

## Diagnosis

## Treatment

300 mcg Ammonium Molybdate per day can bring about recovery of “acquired molybdenum deficiency” [3]

## See also

* Molybdenum cofactor deficiency

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Molybdenum". Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/molybdenum/.
2. ↑ "Molybdenum: an essential trace element". Nutrition in Clinical Practice 8 (6): 277–81. December 1993. doi:10.1177/0115426593008006277. PMID 8302261.
3. ↑ Johnson, Larry E. (October 2018). "Molybdenum: Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity". Merck Manual Professional. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec01/ch005/ch005h.html.

## Further reading

* "Trace Elements". Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second ed.). Academic Press. April 2003. pp. 5820–28. doi:10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/01204-9. ISBN 978-0-12-227055-0.

## External links

Classification|

* ICD-10: E61.5

|

* v
* t
* e

Malnutrition or nutrition disorders (E40–E68, 260–269)

Malnutrition|

| Protein-energy
malnutrition|

* Kwashiorkor
* Marasmus
* Catabolysis

|

Vitamin deficiency|

| B vitamins|

* B1: Beriberi / Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (Wernicke's encephalopathy
* Korsakoff's syndrome)
* B2: Riboflavin deficiency
* B3: Pellagra (Niacin deficiency)
* B6: Pyridoxine deficiency
* B7: Biotin deficiency
* B9: Folate deficiency
* B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency

|

Other
vitamins|

* A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots
* C: Scurvy
* D: Vitamin D deficiency/Rickets/Osteomalacia

Mineral
deficiency|

* Sodium
* Potassium
* Magnesium
* Calcium
* Iron
* Zinc
* Manganese
* Copper
* Iodine
* Chromium
* Molybdenum
* Selenium (Keshan disease)

Overnutrition|

* Overweight
* Obesity

* Childhood obesity
* Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
* Abdominal obesity

|

Vitamin poisoning|

* Hypervitaminosis A
* Hypervitaminosis D
* Hypervitaminosis E
* Megavitamin-B6 syndrome

Mineral overload|

* see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity

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