Metaphenomics

Short description: Study of total functions of organisms in a given ecosystem

Metaphenomics[1] studies the phenome of plants or other organisms by means of meta-analysis. Main goal is to establish dose-response relationships of a wide range of phenotypic traits for a large set of a-biotic environmental factors.

## Contents

* 1 Rationale
* 2 Method
* 3 Outcome
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Rationale

A popular way to study the effect of the environment on plants is to set up experiments where subgroups of individuals of a species of interest are exposed to different levels of one environmental factor (e.g. light, CO2), while all other factors are similar. These studies have yielded a lot of insight into the way plants respond to the environment, but may be challenging to integrate by means of a classical meta-analysis. One of the reasons for that is that phenotypic traits often respond to the environment in a non-linear way. Rather than evaluating the difference between ‘low-CO2’ and ‘high-CO2’ grown plants, it would be better to derive dose-response curves which take into account at which CO
2 levels experiments were carried out. Metaphenomics uses a method to calculate dose-response curves from a variety of experiments, and is applicable to any phenotypic trait and many environmental variables.[citation needed]

## Method

Core of the method used in metaphenomics is to scale all phenotypic data for a given species or genotype across all the levels of the environmental variable of interest (say CO2) to the value they have at a reference value of that environmental variable (for example, a CO2 concentration of 400 ppm). In this way, inherent variation among species or genotypes in the trait of interest is removed, as for all experiments and species, the scaled value at 400 ppm will be 1.0. Subsequently, general dose-response curves can be derived by fitting mathematical equations to the data.[2]

## Outcome

The results generally are a family of curves where dose-response curves for one phenotypic trait are compared for a range of different environmental variables,[3] or where many different phenotypic traits are analysed for their response to one environmental factor.[4][5] This provides a simple and quantitative overview of the many ways plants or other organisms respond to their environmental.[citation needed]

## See also

* Dose-response relationship
* Meta-analyses
* Phenome

## References

1. ↑ "Plant Meta-Phenomics". http://www.metaphenomics.org.
2. ↑ Poorter, Hendrik; Niinemets, Ülo; Walter, Achim; Fiorani, Fabio; Schurr, Uli (May 2010). "A method to construct dose–response curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a meta-analysis of phenotypic data". Journal of Experimental Botany 61 (8): 2043–2055. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp358. http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5324/files/J. Exp. Bot._2010_61.8_2043-55.pdf.
3. ↑ Poorter, Hendrik; Niinemets, Ülo; Poorter, Lourens; Wright, Ian J.; Villar, Rafael (16 April 2009). "Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta‐analysis". New Phytologist 182 (3): 565–588. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02830.x.
4. ↑ Esteban, Raquel; Barrutia, Oihana; Artetxe, Unai; Fernández-Marín, Beatriz; Hernández, Antonio; García-Plazaola, José Ignacio (April 2015). "Internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment composition in plants: a meta-analytical approach". New Phytologist 206 (1): 268–280. doi:10.1111/nph.13186.
5. ↑ Poorter, Hendrik; Niinemets, Ülo; Ntagkas, Nikolaos; Siebenkäs, Alrun; Mäenpää, Maarit; Matsubara, Shizue; Pons, ThijsL. (8 April 2019). "A meta‐analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance". New Phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.15754.

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