Timeline of human vaccines

This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic human vaccines. Early vaccines may be listed by the first year of development or testing, but later entries usually show the year the vaccine finished trials and became available on the market. Although vaccines exist for the diseases listed below, only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide. The other vaccine-preventable illnesses continue to cause millions of deaths each year.[1] Currently, polio and measles are the targets of active worldwide eradication campaigns.

## Contents

* 1 18th century
* 2 19th century
* 3 20th century
* 4 21st century
* 5 Under development
* 6 See also
* 7 Sources

## 18th century[edit | edit source]

* 1796 – Edward Jenner develops and documents first vaccine for smallpox.[2]

## 19th century[edit | edit source]

* 1880 – First vaccine for cholera by Louis Pasteur[3][4]
* 1885 – First vaccine for rabies by Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux[5][6]
* 1890 – First vaccine for tetanus (serum antitoxin) by Emil von Behring[7]
* 1896 – First vaccine for typhoid fever by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle[8]
* 1897 – First vaccine for bubonic plague by Waldemar Haffkine

## 20th century[edit | edit source]

* 1921 – First vaccine for tuberculosis by Albert Calmette[9][10]
* 1923 – First vaccine for diphtheria by Gaston Ramon, Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō
* 1924 – First vaccine for scarlet fever by George F. Dick and Gladys Dick
* 1924 – First inactive vaccine for tetanus (tetanus toxoid, TT) by Gaston Ramon, C. Zoeller and P. Descombey
* 1926 – First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough) by Leila Denmark
* 1932 – First vaccine for yellow fever by Max Theiler and Jean Laigret
* 1937 – First vaccine for typhus by Rudolf Weigl, Ludwik Fleck and Hans Zinsser
* 1937 – First vaccine for influenza by Anatol Smorodintsev[11]
* 1941 – First vaccine for tick-borne encephalitis
* 1952 – First vaccine for polio (Salk vaccine)
* 1954 – First vaccine for Japanese encephalitis
* 1954 – First vaccine for anthrax
* 1957 – First vaccine for adenovirus-4 and 7
* 1962 – First oral polio vaccine (Sabin vaccine)
* 1963 – First vaccine for measles
* 1967 – First vaccine for mumps
* 1970 – First vaccine for rubella
* 1977 – First vaccine for pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
* 1978 – First vaccine for meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis)
* 1980 – Smallpox declared eradicated worldwide due to vaccination efforts
* 1981 – First vaccine for hepatitis B (first vaccine to target a cause of cancer)
* 1984 – First vaccine for chicken pox
* 1985 – First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB)
* 1989 – First vaccine for Q fever[12]
* 1990 – First vaccine for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
* 1991 – First vaccine for hepatitis A[13]
* 1998 – First vaccine for Lyme disease
* 1998 – First vaccine for rotavirus[14]

## 21st century[edit | edit source]

* 2000 – First pneumococcal conjugate vaccine approved in the US (PCV7 or Prevnar)[15]
* 2003 – First nasal influenza vaccine approved in U.S. (FluMist)
* 2003 – First vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever.[16]
* 2006 – First vaccine for human papillomavirus (which is a cause of cervical cancer)
* 2006 – First herpes zoster vaccine for shingles
* 2012 – First vaccine for hepatitis E[17]
* 2012 – First quadrivalent (4-strain) influenza vaccine
* 2013 – First vaccine for enterovirus 71, one cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease[18]
* 2015 – First vaccine for malaria[19]
* 2015 – First vaccine for dengue fever[20]
* 2019 – First vaccine for Ebola approved[21]
* 2020 – First vaccine for COVID-19.

## Under development[edit | edit source]

* Cytomegalovirus vaccine
* Epstein–Barr virus vaccine
* Hepatitis C vaccine
* Herpes simplex vaccine
* HIV vaccine
* Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine
* Zika virus vaccine
* Lyme disease vaccine

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Timeline of global health
* History of smallpox
* List of diseases eliminated from the United States

## Sources[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Vaccine Preventable Deaths and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006--2015 Archived 9 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine, MMWR, CDC, 12 May 2006
2. ↑ "Jenner's Breakthrough". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
3. ↑ Pasteur, L (1885). "Nota sobre la profilaxis del cólera por medio de inyecciones hipodérmicas de cultivo puro del bacilo virgula". El Siglo Med (in español). 32: 480.
4. ↑ "Cholera: Ferrán's Vaccine". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
5. ↑ Historic Dates and Events Related to Vaccines and Immunization Archived 13 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Immunization Action Coalition, immunize.org, 30 December 2016
6. ↑ "Another Success with Rabies Vaccine". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
7. ↑ "Antitoxin and Serum Therapy". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
8. ↑ "Basis for Typhoid Vaccination Is Established". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
9. ↑ Calmette, A (1922). L'infection bacillaire et la tuberculose chez l'homme et chez les animaux (in français) (2 ed.). Paris: Masson et Cie. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2022. `{{cite book}}`: More than one of `|accessdate=` and `|access-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
10. ↑ "July 18: 90 Years of Tuberculosis Vaccination". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2020. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
11. ↑ Plotkin, S.L. and Plotkin, S.A. "A short history of vaccination." In: Vaccines, Stanley A. Plotkin, Walter A. Orenstein, Paul A. Offit, eds. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008, pp. 8.
12. ↑ A Guide to Q fever and Q fever vaccination Archived 21 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, CSL Biotherapies, 2009
13. ↑ Patravale, Vandana; Dandekar, Prajakta; Jain, Ratnesh (2012). Nanoparticulate drug delivery perspectives on the transition from laboratory to market (1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Woodhead Pub. p. 212\. ISBN 9781908818195. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2022. `{{cite book}}`: More than one of `|accessdate=` and `|access-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
14. ↑ Schwartz, Jason L. (2012). "The First Rotavirus Vaccine and the Politics of Acceptable Risk". The Milbank Quarterly. 90 (2): 278–310. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00664.x. PMC 3460207. PMID 22709389.
15. ↑ "Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2021. `{{cite web}}`: More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
16. ↑ Saavedra, María Del Carmen; Riera, Laura M.; Bottale, Alejandro J.; Mariani, Mauricio A.; Maiza, Andrea S.; Ambrosio, Ana María (2017). "[Stability of Candid#1 vaccine to prevent Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever]". Medicina. 77 (5): 353–357. ISSN 0025-7680. PMID 29044009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2022. `{{cite journal}}`: More than one of `|accessdate=` and `|access-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archivedate=` and `|archive-date=` specified (help); More than one of `|archiveurl=` and `|archive-url=` specified (help)
17. ↑ Cao Y, Bing Z, Guan S, Zhang Z, Wang X (2018). "Development of new hepatitis E vaccines". Human Vaccine & Immunotherapics. 14 (9): 2254–2262. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1469591. PMC 6183316. PMID 29708836.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
18. ↑ Mao, Qun-ying; Wang, Yiping; Bian, Lianlian; Xu, Miao; Liang, Zhenglun (May 2016). "EV71 vaccine, a new tool to control outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)". Expert Review of Vaccines. 15 (5): 599–606. doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1138862. PMID 26732723. S2CID 45722352.
19. ↑ Malaria vaccine approval first marred by efficacy question mark Archived 9 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Chemistry World, Maria Burke, 29 July 2015
20. ↑ Sanofi's Dengue Vaccine Dengvaxia Gains Brazilian Approval Archived 1 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Zacks Equity Research, Zacks.com, 29 December 2015
21. ↑ "Merck's Ervebo [Ebola Zaire Vaccine (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) live] Granted Conditional Approval in the European Union" (Press release). Merck. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019 - via Business Wire.

* keepkidshealthy claims "References: the CDC and Mandell: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed.," as its source.

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