Orders of magnitude (area)

Short description: SI Unit List Article

Image comparing various units: square mile (the entire yellow square), square kilometre, hectare and acre, as well as a soccer field and a Manhattan block.

thumb|right|An area of one [[Square kilometre|square kilometre consists of 100 hectares each containing 10,000 square metres.]]

This page is a progressive and labelled list of the SI area orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects.

## Contents

* 1 10−70 to 10−9 square metres
* 2 10−8 to 10−1 square metres
* 3 100 to 107 square metres
* 4 108 to 1014 square metres
* 5 1015 to 1026 square metres
* 6 1027 square metres and larger
* 7 See also
* 8 References

## 10−70 to 10−9 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for area 10−70 to 10−9 square metres Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

10−70 |  | 2.6×10−70 m2 | Planck area, Gℏc3[1]
10−60 | 1 square quectometre
10−54 | 1 square rontometre
10−52 |  | 100 rm2 | 1 shed[2]
10−48 | 1 square yoctometre (ym2)  |  1 ym2 |
10−43 |  | 100,000 ym2 | 1 femtobarn[3]
10−42 | 1 square zeptometre (zm2)  |  1 zm2 |
10−36 | 1 square attometre (am2)  |  1 am2 |
10−30 | 1 square femtometre (fm2)  |  1 fm2 |
10−29 |  | 66.52 fm2 | Thomson cross-section of the electron[4]
10−28 |  | 100 fm2 | 1 barn, roughly the cross-sectional area of a uranium nucleus[5]
10−24 | 1 square picometre (pm2)  |  1 pm2 |
10−20 | 1 square angstrom (Å2)  |  10,000 pm2 |
10−19 |  | 100,000 pm2 | Area of a lipid bilayer, per molecule[6]
| 75,000–260,000 pm2 | Surface area of the 20 standard amino acids[7]
10−18 | 1 square nanometre (nm2)  |  1 nm2 |
10−16 |  | 100 nm2 | Globular proteins: solvent-accessible surface area of a typical globular protein, having a typical molecular mass of ~35000 u (quite variable)[8]
10−14 |  | 17,000 nm2 | Cross-sectional area of a nuclear pore complex in vertebrates[9]
10−12 | 1 square micrometre (μm2)  | 6 μm2 | Surface area of an E. coli bacterium[10]
10−10 |  | 100 μm2 | Surface area of a red blood cell[11]
10−9 |  | 6,000–110,000 μm2 | Range of common LCD screen pixel sizes[12]
| 7,000 μm2 | Area of a dot printed using 300 dots per inch resolution[13]
| 8,000 μm2 | Cross-sectional area of a straight human hair that is 100 μm[14] in diameter[15]

## 10−8 to 10−1 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 10−8 to 10−1 square metres Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

10−8 |  | 55,000 μm2 | Size of a pixel on a typical modern computer display
10−7 |  | 2-400,000 μm2 | Cross-sectional area of a mechanical pencil lead (0.5-0.7 mm in diameter)[16]
10−6 | 1 square millimetre (mm2)  | 1–2 mm2 | Area of a human fovea[17]
2 mm2 | Area of the head of a pin
10−5 |  | 30–50 mm2 | Area of a 6–8 mm hole punched in a piece of paper by a hole punch[18]
10−4 | 1 square centimetre (cm2)  | 290 mm2 | Area of one side of a U.S. penny[19][20]
500 mm2 | Area of a typical postage stamp
10−3 |  | 1,100 mm2 | Area of a human retina[21]
4,600 mm2 | Area of the face of a credit card[22]
4,800 mm2 | Largest side of a cigarette box
10−2 | 1 square decimetre (dm2)  | 10,000 mm2 | Index card (3 × 5 inches)[23]
60,000 mm2 | American letter paper (11 × 8.5 inches, "A" size)
62,370 mm2 | International A4 paper (210 × 297 mm)
92,903 mm2 | 1 square foot[24]
10−1 |  | 125,000 mm2 | International A3 paper (297 × 420 mm)
180,000 mm2 | Surface area of a basketball (diameter 24 cm)[25][26]
250,000 mm2 | International A2 paper (420 × 594 mm)
500,000 mm2 | International A1 paper (594 × 841 mm)

## 100 to 107 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 100 to 107 square metres. Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

100 | 1 square metre | 1 m2 | International A0 paper (841 × 1189 mm)
1.73 m2 | A number commonly used as the average body surface area of a human[27]
1–4 m2 | Area of the top of an office desk
101 |  | 10–20 m2 | A parking space
70 m2 | Approximate surface area of a human lung[28]
102 | 1 square decametre (dam2)  | 100 m2 | One are (a)
162 m2 | Size of a volleyball court (18 × 9 metres)[29]
202 m2 | Floor area of a median suburban three-bedroom house in the US in 2010: 2,169 sq ft (201.5 m2)[30]
261 m2 | Size of a tennis court[31]
437 m2 | Size of an NBA/WNBA/NCAA basketball court[32]
845 m2 | Wing area of Airbus A380, the largest commercial airliner[33]
978 m2 | Size of the primary mirror of the Extremely Large Telescope, the largest optical telescope in the world (under construction)[34]
103 | 1 kilo square meter k(m²)  | 1,000 m2 | Surface area of a modern stremma or dunam
1,250 m2 | Surface area of the water in an Olympic-size swimming pool[35]
4,047 m2 | 1 acre[36]
5,400 m2 | Size of an American football field[37][38]
7,140 m2 | Size of a typical football (soccer) field[39][40]
104 | 1 square hectometre (hm2)  | 10,000 m2 | 1 hectare (ha)[41]
17,000 m2 | Approximate area of a cricket field (theoretical limits: 6,402 m2 to 21,273 m2)[42]
22,100 m2 | Area of a Manhattan city block
53,000 m2 | Base of the Great Pyramid of Giza[43][44]
105 |  | 195,000 m2 | Irish National Botanic Gardens[45]
490,000 m2 | Vatican City[46]
600,000 m2 | Total floor area of the Pentagon[47]
887,800 m2 | AvtoVAZ main assembly building, Tolyatti, Russia (largest building by footprint)
106 | 1 mega square meter M(m²)

1 square kilometre (km2)

| 1.76 km2 | New Century Global Center, Chengdu, China (largest building by total floor area)
2 km2 | Monaco (country ranked 192nd by area)[48]
2.59 km2 | 1 square mile[49]
2.9 km2 | City of London (not all of modern London)[50]
107 |  | 59.5 km2 | Manhattan Island (land area)[51]
61 km2 | San Marino[52]

## 108 to 1014 square metres

Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

108 |  | 105 km2 | Paris (inner city only)[53]
110 km2 | Walt Disney World[54]
272 km2 | Taipei City[55]
630 km2 | Toronto[56]
109 | 1 giga square meter G(m²)  | 1100 km2 | Hong Kong[57]
1290 km2 | Los Angeles, California, United States (city)[58]
1962 km2 | Jacksonville, Florida; largest city in the Continental US[59]
2188 km2 | Tokyo[60]
3,130 km2 | Average area of an American county
5780 km2 | Administrative area of Bali[61]
8030 km2 | Community of Madrid, Spain
1010 |  | 11,000 km2 | Jamaica[62]
30,528 km2 | Belgium
68,870 km2 | Lake Victoria[63]
84,000 km2 | Austria[64]
1011 |  | 100,000 km2 | South Korea [65]
167,996 km2 | Jiuquan in China
232,000 km2 | Total area covered by underwater search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (including both 2014-2017 and 2018 searches)
238,397  | Romania[66]
301,338 km2 | Italy[67]
357,000 km2 | Germany[68]
377,900 km2 | Japan[69]
510,000 km2 | Spain[70]
780,000 km2 | Turkey[71]
1012 | 1 tera square meter T(m²)

1 square megametre (Mm2)

| 1.0 Mm2 | Egypt (country ranked 29th by area)[72]
2 Mm2 | Mexico
3.10 Mm2 | Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia (largest subnational governing body)[73]
5 Mm2 | Largest extent of the Roman Empire[74][75]
7.74 Mm2 | Australia (country ranked 6th by area)[76]
8.5 Mm2 | Brazil
9.5 Mm2 | China/ United States of America
1013 |  | 10 Mm2 | Canada (including water)[77]
14 Mm2 | Antarctica[78]
14 Mm2 | Arable land worldwide[79]
16.6 Mm2 | Surface area of Pluto[80]
17 Mm2 | Russia (country ranked 1st by area)[81]
30 Mm2 | Africa[82]
38 Mm2 | Surface area of the Moon[83]
77 Mm2 | Atlantic Ocean[84]
1014 |  | 144 Mm2 | Surface area of Mars[85]
150 Mm2 | Land area of Earth[86]
156 Mm2 | Pacific Ocean[87]
360 Mm2 | Water area of Earth[86]
510 Mm2 | Total surface area of Earth[86]

## 1015 to 1026 square metres

List of orders of magnitude for areas 1015 to 1026 square metres. Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

1015 | 1 peta square meter P(m²)  | 1,000 Mm2 | Surface area of the white dwarf, Van Maanen's star
7,600 Mm2 | Surface area of Neptune[88]
1016 |  | 43,000 Mm2 | Surface area of Saturn[89]
61 000 Mm2 | Surface area of Jupiter,[90] the "surface" area of the spheroid (calculated from the mean radius as reported by NASA). The cross-sectional area of Jupiter, which is the same as the "circle" of Jupiter seen by an approaching spacecraft, is almost exactly one quarter the surface-area of the overall sphere, which in the case of Jupiter is approximately 1.535×1016 m2.
1017 |  | 2-600 000 Mm2 | Surface area of the brown dwarf CT Chamaeleontis B.
460,000 Mm2 | Area swept by the Moon's orbit of Earth
1018 | 1 square gigametre (Gm2)  | 6.1 Gm2 | Surface area of the Sun[91]
1019 |  | 30 Gm2 | Surface area of the star Vega
1020 |  |  100 Gm2 |
1021 | 1 zetta square meter Z(m²)  | 1 000 Gm2 |
1022 |  | 11 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Mercury's orbit around the Sun
37 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Venus' orbit around the Sun
71 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Earth's orbit around the Sun
1023 |  | 160 000 Gm2 | Area swept by Mars' orbit around the Sun
281 000 Gm2 | Surface area of a Dyson sphere with a radius of 1 AU
1024 | 1 yotta square meter (m²)

1 square terametre (Tm2)

| 1.9 Tm2 | Area swept by Jupiter's orbit around the Sun
6.4 Tm2 | Area swept by Saturn's orbit around the Sun
8.5 Tm2 | Surface area of the red supergiant star Betelgeuse
1025 |  | 24 Tm2 | Surface area of the hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris
26 Tm2 | Area swept by Uranus' orbit around the Sun
64 Tm2 | Area swept by Neptune's orbit around the Sun
1026 |  | 110 Tm2 | Area swept by Pluto's orbit around the Sun

## 1027 square metres and larger

List of orders of magnitude for areas 1027 square metres and larger. Factor (m2)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

|
|
|

1030 | 1 square petametre (Pm2)  |  |
1031 |  | 10 Pm2 |
1032 |  | 200 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of an Oort Cloud
| 300 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of a Bok globule
1033 |  | 1 000 Pm2 |
1034 |  | 30 000 Pm2 | Roughly the surface area of The Bubble nebula
1035 |  | 100 000 Pm2 |
1036 | 1 square exametre (Em2)  |  |
...
1041 |  | 700 000 Em2 | Roughly the area of Milky Way's galactic disk
1042 | 1 square zettametre (Zm2)  |  |
...
1048 | 1 square yottametre (Ym2)  |  |
1054 | 1 square ronnametre (Rm2)  | 2.4 Rm2 | Surface area of the observable universe[92]

## See also

* Orders of magnitude
* List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area

## References

1. ↑ Calculated: square of the Planck length = (1.62e-35 m)^2 = 2.6e-70 m^2
2. ↑ Russ Rowlett (September 1, 2004). "Units: S". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictS.html.
3. ↑ "Femtobarn". CERN. http://writing-guidelines.web.cern.ch/entries/femtobarn.
4. ↑ Eric W. Weisstein. "Thomson Cross Section". Wolfram Research. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/ThomsonCrossSection.html.
5. ↑ "Other non-SI units". SI brochure. BIPM. http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table8.html.
6. ↑ ""Rule of thumb" for the area per molecule in lipid bilayer". BioNumbers. http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=101837.
7. ↑ "Individual Properties of the 20 Standard Amino Acids: Properties and Images". The Amino Acid Repository. Jena Library of Biological Macromolecules. http://jenalib.leibniz-fli.de/IMAGE_AA.html.
8. ↑ Janin, J. E. L. (1979). "Surface and inside volumes in globular proteins". Nature 277 (5696): 491–492. doi:10.1038/277491a0. PMID 763335. Bibcode: 1979Natur.277..491J.
9. ↑ "The Nuclear Pore Complex". UIUC Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/npc/.
10. ↑ "E. coli Statistics". The CyberCell Database. http://www.ccdb.ualberta.ca/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi.
11. ↑ Marcelli, Gianluca; Parker, Kim H.; Winlove, C. Peter (2005). "Thermal Fluctuations of Red Blood Cell Membrane via a Constant-Area Particle-Dynamics Model". Biophysical Journal 89 (4): 2473–2480. doi:10.1529/biophysj.104.056168. PMID 16055528. Bibcode: 2005BpJ....89.2473M.
12. ↑ Calculated: Smallest and largest common pitches were 77 micrometers and 337 micrometers. (77e-6 m)^2 ~= 6e-9 m^2. (337e-6 m)^2 ~= 114e-9 m^2 ~= 110e-9 m^2
13. ↑ Calculated: (300 dots per inch / 2.54e-2 m/inch)^(-2) = 7.2e-9 m^2
14. ↑ "Hair Fiber Composition". http://www.keratin.com/aa/aa012.shtml#04.
15. ↑ Calculated: 100 μm in diameter => pi * ((1e-4 m)/2)**2 = 7.9e-9 m^2
16. ↑ Calculated: pi * (0.5mm/2)^2 = 2.0e-7 m^2 and pi * (0.7mm/2)^2 = 3.8e-7 m^2)
17. ↑ "Part XIII: Facts and Figures concerning the human retina". Webvision. University of Utah. http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-xiii-cellular-remodeling-in-mammalian-retina-induced-by-retinal-detachment/.
18. ↑ Calculated: ((6e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 2.8e-5 m^2 and ((8e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 5.0e-5 m^2
19. ↑ "Coin specifications". United States Mint. http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications.
20. ↑ Calculated: area = pi * diameter^2 / 4 = 3.14 * (19.05e-3 m)^2 = 2.850e-4 m^2
21. ↑ Taylor, Enid; Jennings, Alan (1971). "Calculation of total retinal area". Br. J. Ophthalmol. 55 (4): 262–5. doi:10.1136/bjo.55.4.262. PMID 5572268.
22. ↑ "Credit Card Dimensions". http://www.dimensionsguide.com/credit-card-dimensions/.
23. ↑ Calculated: 3 inches * 5 inches * (2.54e-2 m/inch)^2 = 9.7e-3 m^2 ~= 0.01 m^2
24. ↑ Calculated: 1 foot * 1 foot * (0.3048 meters / foot)^2 = 0.092.90304 m^2
25. ↑ "Rules of the Game". USA Basketball. http://www.usabasketball.com/rules/rules.html.
26. ↑ Calculated: 29.5-29.75 inch circumference * 2.54 cm / in = 23.85-24.05 cm diameter => radius = 0.119-0.120 m => Area = 4 * pi * (0.119 m)^2 = 0.18 m^2
27. ↑ Sacco, Joseph J.; Botten, Joanne; Macbeth, Fergus; Bagust, Adrian; Clark, Peter (2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study". PLOS ONE 5 (1): e8933. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008933. PMID 20126669. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...5.8933S.
28. ↑ Notter, Robert H. (2000). Lung surfactants: basic science and clinical applications. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. pp. 120. ISBN 0-8247-0401-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=pAuiWvNHwZcC&q=70&pg=PA120. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
29. ↑ "Section 1.1". Official Volleyball Rules 2011-2012. FIVB. 2010. http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/Documents/FIVB.2011-2012.VB.RulesOfTheGame.Eng.TextfileOnly.2.1.1.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-27. "The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides."
30. ↑ "Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New Single-Family Houses Completed by Location". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/const/C25Ann/sftotalmedavgsqft.pdf.
31. ↑ "Area of a Tennis Court". The Physics Factbook. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2009/AmyHuang.shtml.
32. ↑ Calculated: 4,700 sq ft * (0.3048 ft/m)2 = 436.644288 m2
33. ↑ "A380 Prestige Specifications". Airbus. http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/tech_data/jetFamily/media_object_file_A380_specifications.pdf.
34. ↑ "Extremely Large Telescope - Timeline". https://elt.eso.org/about/timeline/.
35. ↑ Calculated: 50 m * 25 m = 1250 m^2
36. ↑ "General Tables of Units of Measurement". NIST. http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf. "4046.87"
37. ↑ "What are the Dimensions of a Football Field". Dimensions Guide. http://www.dimensionsguide.com/what-are-the-dimensions-of-a-football-field/.
38. ↑ Calculated: 360 feet * 160 feet * (0.3048 m/ft)^2 = 5351 m^2 ~= 5400 m^2
39. ↑ "How Big Is An Olympic Soccer Field?". LIVESTRONG.COM. http://www.livestrong.com/article/406257-how-big-is-an-olympic-soccer-field/. "For the Olympics, fields are supposed to measure exactly 105 meters long and 68 meters wide"
40. ↑ Calculated: 105 m * 68 m = 7140 m^2
41. ↑ "General Tables of Units of Measurement". NIST. http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf.
42. ↑ "AFL Ground Sizes | Passy's World of Mathematics". passyworldofmathematics.com. 11 September 2011. http://passyworldofmathematics.com/afl-ground-sizes/.
43. ↑ Greenberg, Ralph. "THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (Some Elegant Numerical Relationships)". http://www.math.washington.edu/~greenber/GizaPyramid.html. "average length of the four sides is 230.364 meters"
44. ↑ Calculated: 230.364 m^2 ~= 53068 m^2
45. ↑ Gartland, Fiona. "Valuable lead roofing stolen from Dublin bandstands". https://www.irishtimes.com/news/valuable-lead-roofing-stolen-from-dublin-bandstands-1.485412.
46. ↑ "Holy See (Vatican City)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/.
47. ↑ "The Pentagon - George Bergstrom". Great Buildings Online. http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/The_Pentagon.html. "Floor area of 6.5 million square feet, 34 acres, 13.8 hectares, of which 3.7 million square feet are used for offices."
48. ↑ "Monaco". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/.
49. ↑ Calculated: 1 mile * 1 mile * (1.61 km / mile)^2 = 2.59 km^2
50. ↑ "Jurisdictions: London". The International Finance Centre Portal. http://www.internationalfinancecentres.com/jurisdictions/view/41.
51. ↑ "New York -- Place and County Subdivision: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density 2000". Census 2000 Summary File 1. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US36&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1-R&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-mt_name=PEP_2006_EST_GCTT1_ST2&-format=ST-7S&-_sse=on.
52. ↑ "San Marino". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/.
53. ↑ "Comparateur de territoire: Commune de Paris (75056)". INSEE. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-75056.
54. ↑ "Walt Disney World Resort". Disney By The Numb3rs. http://disneybythenumbers.com/wdw/wdw.html. "30,500 acres"
55. ↑ "Appendix II Statistics". Taipei Yearbook 2010. http://tcgwww.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=6499588&ctNode=45847&mp=100089.
56. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Counts". 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?PR=35&T=2&SR=1&S=3&O=D.
57. ↑ "Hong Kong". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hong-kong/.
58. ↑ "California by Place: Los Angeles city". US Census. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?-geo_id=04000US06&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U. "498.29 square miles"
59. ↑ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Land Area (square miles) /1, 2000 in Rank Order". U.S. Census Bureau, Administrative and Customer Services Division, Statistical Compendia Branch. March 16, 2004. https://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cit1010r.txt.
60. ↑ "OVERVIEW OF TOKYO". Tokyo Metropolitan Government. http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview02.htm.
61. ↑ "Kabupaten Klungkung : Data Agregat per Kecamatan". 2010. http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/5105.pdf.
62. ↑ "Jamaica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/.
63. ↑ "Lake Profile: Victoria". World Lakes. LakeNet. http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8361.
64. ↑ "Austria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/austria/.
65. ↑ "South Korea". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iceland/.
66. ↑ The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
67. ↑ "Italy". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/.
68. ↑ "Germany". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/.
69. ↑ "Japan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/.
70. ↑ "Spain". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/spain/.
71. ↑ "Turkey". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/.
72. ↑ "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/.
73. ↑ Rosstat (Russian Statistical Service), 2010 (xls). Retrieved 2012-06-15.
74. ↑ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
75. ↑ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959.
76. ↑ "Australia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/australia/.
77. ↑ "Canada". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/.
78. ↑ "Antarctica". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/.
79. ↑ "FAO Resources page". FAO.org. 2010. http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-publications/ess-yearbook/ess-yearbook2010/yearbook2010-reources/en/.
80. ↑ "Pluto: By the Numbers". Solar System Exploration. NASA. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/pluto/facts.
81. ↑ "Russia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/.
82. ↑ "Map of Africa". Worldatlas.com. http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/af.htm. "30,065,000 sq km"
83. ↑ "Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts.
84. ↑ "The World Factbook: Atlantic Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-03-24. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/atlantic-ocean/.
85. ↑ "Mars: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts.
86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 "The World Factbook: World". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-08-31. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/.
87. ↑ "The World Factbook: Pacific Ocean". Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-11-17. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/pacific-ocean/.
88. ↑ "Neptune: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts.
89. ↑ "Saturn: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts.
90. ↑ "Jupiter: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts.
91. ↑ "Sun: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts.
92. ↑ "Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine". http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=4*pi*(radius+of+observable+universe)^2.

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Orders of magnitude

Quantity|

* Acceleration
* Angular momentum
* Angular velocity
* Area
* Bit rate
* Capacitance
* Charge
* Computing
* Currency
* Current
* Data
* Density
* Energy / Energy density / Energy flow density
* Entropy
* Force
* Frequency
* Inductance
* Illuminance
* Length
* Luminance / Luminous flux
* Magnetic field
* Mass
* Molarity
* Momentum
* Numbers
* Power
* Pressure
* Probability
* Radiation
* Resistance
* Sound pressure
* Specific energy
* Specific heat capacity
* Speed
* Temperature
* Time
* Viscosity
* Voltage
* Volume

See also|

* Back-of-the-envelope calculation
* Fermi problem
* Powers of 10 and decades
* 10th
* 100th
* 1000000th
* Billionth
* Trillionth
* Metric (SI) prefix
* Macroscopic scale
* Microscopic scale
* Quantum realm

Related|

* Astronomical system of units
* Earth's location in the Universe
* "Cosmic View" (1957 essay)
* To the Moon and Beyond (1964 film)
* Cosmic Zoom (1968 film)
* Powers of Ten (1968 and 1977 films)
* Cosmic Voyage (1996 documentary)
* Cosmic Eye (2012)

* Book
* Category

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