Substance intoxication

Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance.[1] It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible.[2] If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used.[3]

Substance intoxication may often accompany a substance use disorder (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD is the preferred diagnosis.[4]

The term "intoxicated", used by laymen, most often refers to alcohol.

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 1.1 Caffeine
* 1.2 Contact high
* 2 Etymology
* 2.1 Slang terms
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Classification[edit | edit source]

The ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders due to psychoactive substance use shows:[5]

* F10. alcohol
* F11. opioids
* F12. cannabinoids
* F13. sedatives and hypnotics
* F14. cocaine
* F15. caffeine
* F16. hallucinogens
* F17. tobacco
* F18. volatile solvent
* F19. multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances

### Caffeine[edit | edit source]

The discussion over whether the coffee (caffeine) “buzz” counted as intoxication or not was hotly debated during the early to mid 16th century.[6]

### Contact high[edit | edit source]

Contact high is a phenomenon that occurs in otherwise sober people who experience a drug-like effect just by coming into contact with someone who is under the influence of a psychoactive drug. In a similar way to the placebo effect, a contact high may be caused by classical conditioning as well as by the physical and social setting.[7][8] The phenomenon is most commonly reported within the context of psychedelic drug use and may be related to the comparable phenomenon of synchronicity.

The term is often incorrectly used to describe the high obtained from passive inhalation of marijuana.[8][9]

## Etymology[edit | edit source]

### Slang terms[edit | edit source]

Main articles: argot and Drug culture

Slang terms include: getting high (generic), being stoned, cooked, or blazed (usually in reference to cannabis),[10] and many more specific slang terms for particular intoxicants. Alcohol intoxication is graded in intensity from buzzed, to tipsy (all the way up to drunk, hammered, plastered, smashed, wasted, destroyed, shitfaced and a number of other terms). The term rolling is a common word used to describe being under the influence of MDMA and for LSD the phrases frying or tripping have been used. “Tripping” is a term that is considered applicable to virtually all hallucinogens which includes psychedelics, dissociatives, deliriants and possibly certain types of hypnotics.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* "The spins", a state of dizziness and disorientation due to intoxication
* Toxicity
* Toxidrome

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Michael B. First; Allan Tasman (2 October 2009). Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-0-470-74520-5. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
2. ↑ Michael B. First; Allen Frances; Harold Alan Pincus (2004). DSM-IV-TR guidebook. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-58562-068-5. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
3. ↑ William H. Reid; Michael G. Wise (26 August 1995). DSM-IV training guide. Psychology Press. pp. 80–. ISBN 978-0-87630-768-7. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
4. ↑ "Acute intoxication". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on July 4, 2004. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
5. ↑ Drs; Sartorius, Norman; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization. Microsoft Word. bluebook.doc. p. 65-76. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2021 - via Microsoft Bing.
6. ↑ Brown, Daniel W. (2004). A new introduction to Islam. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 149–51. ISBN 978-1-4051-5807-7.
7. ↑ Bozzetti, L. (1968). "Dr. Bozzetti Replies". American Journal of Psychiatry. 124 (11). doi:10.1176/ajp.124.11.1600-b. Archived from the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Olson, Jay A.; Suissa-Rocheleau, Léah; Lifshitz, Michael; Raz, Amir; Veissière, Samuel P. L. (2020). "Tripping on nothing: Placebo psychedelics and contextual factors". Psychopharmacology. 237 (5): 1371–1382. doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5. PMID 32144438. S2CID 212577549. Archived from the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
9. ↑ Keup, Wolfram (Jan 1971). "The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary". International Journal of the Addictions. 6 (2): 353. doi:10.3109/10826087109057793. PMID 4950517. Archived from the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
10. ↑ Johnson BD, Bardhi F, Sifaneck SJ, Dunlap E (2005). "Marijuana Argot As Subculture Threads". British Journal of Criminology. 46 (1): 46–77. doi:10.1093/bjc/azi053. Archived from the original on 2023-07-15. Retrieved 2023-07-25.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: F10-F19 (with the fourth character .0)
* ICD-9-CM: 305
* MeSH: D011041

|

| Look up substance intoxication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

|

* v
* t
* e

Psychoactive substance-related disorder

General|

* SID
* Substance intoxication / Drug overdose
* Substance-induced psychosis
* Withdrawal:
* Craving
* Neonatal withdrawal
* Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS)
* SUD
* Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders
* Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence

Combined
substance use|

* SUD
* Polysubstance dependence
* SID
* Combined drug intoxication (CDI)

Alcohol|

| SID|

| Cardiovascular diseases|

* Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
* Alcohol flush reaction (AFR)

|

Gastrointestinal diseases|

* Alcoholic liver disease (ALD):
* Alcoholic hepatitis
* Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS)

Endocrine diseases|

* Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA)

Nervous
system diseases|

* Alcohol-related dementia (ARD)
* Alcohol intoxication
* Hangover

Neurological
disorders|

* Alcoholic hallucinosis
* Alcoholic polyneuropathy
* Alcohol-related brain damage
* Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS):
* Alcoholic hallucinosis
* Delirium tremens (DTs)
* Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
* Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
* Korsakoff syndrome
* Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN)
* Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS, Korsakoff psychosis)
* Wernicke encephalopathy (WE)

Respiratory tract diseases|

* Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions
* Alcoholic lung disease

SUD|

* Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD))
* Binge drinking

Caffeine|

* SID
* Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder
* Caffeine-induced sleep disorder
* Caffeinism
* SUD
* Caffeine dependence

Cannabis|

* SID
* Cannabis arteritis
* Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)
* Intravenous marijuana syndrome
* SUD
* Amotivational syndrome
* Cannabis use disorder (CUD)
* Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder

Cocaine|

* SID
* Cocaine intoxication
* Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE)
* SUD
* Cocaine dependence

Hallucinogen|

* SID
* Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip)
* Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

Nicotine|

* SID
* Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS)
* Nicotine poisoning
* Nicotine withdrawal
* SUD
* Nicotine dependence

Opioids|

* SID
* Opioid overdose
* SUD
* Opioid use disorder (OUD)

Sedative /
hypnotic|

* SID
* Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)
* benzodiazepine: SID
* Benzodiazepine overdose
* Benzodiazepine withdrawal
* SUD
* Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD)
* Benzodiazepine dependence
* barbiturate: SID
* Barbiturate overdose
* SUD
* Barbiturate dependence

Stimulants|

* SID
* Stimulant psychosis
* amphetamine: SUD
* Amphetamine dependence

Volatile
solvent|

* SID
* Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS)
* Toluene toxicity
* SUD
* Inhalant abuse

Related
non-psychoactive
substances|

* Anabolic-androgenic steroids: SUD
* Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse

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