Phosphorus pentafluoride

Names
IUPAC name

Phosphorus pentafluoride

Other names

Phosphorus(V) fluoride
Pentafluoridophosphorus
Pentafluorophosphorane

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 7647-19-0 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 22715 N

EC Number |

* 231-602-3

PubChem CID

* 24295

RTECS number |

* TH4070000

UNII |

* 0OU1ESO71L Y

UN number | 2198

InChI

* InChI=1S/F5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5 N

Key: OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

* InChI=1/F5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5

Key: OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYAH

SMILES

* FP(F)(F)(F)F

Properties

Chemical formula

| PF5
Molar mass | 125.965777813 g·mol−1
Appearance  | colourless gas
Odor | unpleasant
Density | 5.527 kg/m3
Melting point |  −93.78 °C (−136.80 °F; 179.37 K)
Boiling point |  −84.6 °C (−120.3 °F; 188.6 K)

Solubility in water

| hydrolysis
Structure

Molecular shape

| trigonal bipyramidal

Dipole moment

| 0 D
Hazards
Flash point | Non-flammable
Related compounds

Other anions

| Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentabromide
Phosphorus pentaiodide

Other cations

| Arsenic pentafluoride
Antimony pentafluoride
Bismuth pentafluoride

Related compounds

| Phosphorus trifluoride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5, is a phosphorus halide. It is a colourless, toxic gas that fumes in air.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Structure
* 3 Lewis acidity
* 4 References

## Preparation

Phosphorus pentafluoride was first prepared in 1876 by the fluorination of phosphorus pentachloride using arsenic trifluoride, which remains a favored method:[1]

3 PCl5 \+ 5 AsF3 → 3 PF5 \+ 5 AsCl3

Phosphorus pentafluoride can be prepared by direct combination of phosphorus and fluorine:

P4 \+ 10 F2 → 4 PF5

## Structure

Single-crystal X-ray studies indicate that the PF5 has trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Thus it has two distinct types of P−F bonds (axial and equatorial): the length of an axial P−F bond is distinct from the equatorial P−F bond in the solid phase, but not the liquid or gas phases due to Berry pseudo rotation.

Fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy, even at temperatures as low as −100 °C, fails to distinguish the axial from the equatorial fluorine environments. The apparent equivalency arises from the low barrier for pseudorotation via the Berry mechanism, by which the axial and equatorial fluorine atoms rapidly exchange positions. The apparent equivalency of the F centers in PF5 was first noted by Gutowsky.[3] The explanation was first described by R. Stephen Berry, after whom the Berry mechanism is named. Berry pseudorotation influences the 19F NMR spectrum of PF5 since NMR spectroscopy operates on a millisecond timescale. Electron diffraction and X-ray crystallography do not detect this effect as the solid state structures are, relative to a molecule in solution, static and can not undergo the necessary changes in atomic position.

## Lewis acidity

Phosphorus pentafluoride is a Lewis acid. This property is relevant to its ready hydrolysis. A well studied adduct is PF5 with pyridine. With primary and secondary amines, the adducts convert readily to dimeric amido-bridged derivatives with the formula [PF4(NR2)]2. A variety of complexes are known with bidentate ligands.[4]

Hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF6) is derived from phosphorus pentafluoride and hydrogen fluoride. Its conjugate base, hexafluorophosphate (PF6–), is a useful non-coordinating anion. It is often used in lithium-ion batteries, where besides providing good ionic conductivity for the liquid electrolyte, it also passivates positive aluminium current collector.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kwasnik, W. (1963). "Phosphorus(V) fluoride". in Brauer, G.. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press. p. 190.
2. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
3. ↑ Gutowsky, H. S.; McCall, D. W.; Slichter, C. P. (1953). "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiplets in Liquids". J. Chem. Phys. 21 (2): 279. doi:10.1063/1.1698874.
4. ↑ Wong, Chih Y.; Kennepohl, Dietmar K.; Cavell, Ronald G. (1996). "Neutral Six-Coordinate Phosphorus". Chemical Reviews 96 (6): 1917–1952. doi:10.1021/cr9410880. PMID 11848816.

* v
* t
* e

Phosphorus compounds

* PBr3
* PBr5
* PCl3
* PCl5
* PF3
* PF5
* PI3
* InP
* PH3
* PN
* P3N5
* P2O3
* P2O4
* P2O5
* P4S3
* P4S10
* AlP
* Ca3P2
* Zn3P2
* CuP2
* HfP
* FeP
* Fe3P
* BP
* YP

* v
* t
* e

Fluorine compounds

| HF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | He

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LiF | BeF2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | BF3
B2F4 | CF4 | NF3 | OF2 | F− | Ne
NaF | MgF2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | AlF3 | SiF4 | PF3
PF5 | SF2
SF4
SF6 | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ar
KF | CaF2 | ScF3 | TiF3
TiF4 | VF3
VF4
VF5 | CrF2
CrF3
CrF4
CrF5 | MnF2
MnF3 | FeF2
FeF3 | CoF2
CoF3 | NiF2 | CuF
CuF2 | ZnF2 | GaF3 | GeF4 | AsF3
AsF5 | SeF4
SeF6 | BrF3
BrF5 | KrF2
RbF | SrF2 | YF3 | ZrF4 | NbF4
NbF5 | MoF5
MoF6 | TcF6 | RuF3
RuF4
RuF5
RuF6 | RhF6 | PdF2 | AgF
AgF2
Ag2F | CdF2 | InF3 | SnF2
SnF4 | SbF3
SbF5 | TeF4 | IF
IF3
IF5
IF7 | XeF2
XeF4
XeF6
CsF | BaF2 | *  | HfF4 | TaF5 | WF4
WF6 | ReF4
ReF5
ReF6
ReF7 | OsF4
OsF5
OsF6 | IrF3
IrF5
IrF6 | PtF4
PtF6 | AuF3
Au2F10
AuF5·F2
| HgF2
Hg2F2 | TlF
TlF3 | PbF2
PbF4 | BiF3
BiF5 | Po | At | RnF2
Fr | Ra | **  | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og
|  | ↓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| * | LaF3 | CeF3 | Pr | NdF3 | PmF3 | SmF3
| Eu | Gd | Tb | DyF3 | Ho | Er | Tm | YbF3
| Lu |
| ** | AcF3 | ThF4 | Pa | UF3
UF4
UF5
UF6 | NpF3
NpF4
NpF5
NpF6
| PuF3
PuF4
PuF5
PuF6 | AmF3
AmF4 | CmF3 | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

Other|

* AgBF4
* AgPF6
* Cs2AlF5
* K3AlF6
* Na3AlF6
* KAsF6
* LiAsF6
* NaAsF6
* HBF4
* KBF4
* LiBF4
* NaBF4
* RbBF4
* Ba(BF4)2
* Ni(BF4)2
* Pb(BF4)2
* Sn(BF4)2
* BaClF
* BaSiF6
* BaGeF6
* BrOF3
* BrO2F
* CBrF3
* CBr2F2
* CBr3F
* CClF3
* CCl2F2
* CCl3F
* CFN
* CF2O
* CF3I
* CHF3
* CH2F2
* CH3F
* C2Cl3F3
* C2H3F
* C6H5F
* C7H5F3
* C15F33N
* ClFO2
* CrFO4
* CrF2O2
* CsBF4
* NH4F
* FNO
* FNO2
* FNO3
* KHF2
* NaHF2
* ThOF2
* NH5F2
* (NH4)2SiF6
* F2OS
* F3OP
* PSF3
* HPF6
* HSbF6
* NH4PF6
* KPF6
* KSbF6
* LiPF6
* NaPF6
* NaSbF6
* Na2SiF6
* Na2TiF6
* Na2ZrF6
* TlPF6
* IOF3
* K2NbF7
* K2TaF7
* IO3F
* UO2F2

Chemical formulas

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