Phosphorus trifluoride

"F3P" redirects here. For the camera, see Nikon F3P.

Phosphorus trifluoride  |

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Names
IUPAC names

Phosphorus trifluoride
Phosphorus(III) fluoride
Trifluorophosphane
Trifluoridophosphorus
Perfluorophosphane

Other names

Trifluorophosphine
Phosphorous fluoride
TL-75

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 7783-55-3 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChEBI |

* CHEBI:30205 Y

ChemSpider |

* 56416 Y

PubChem CID

* 62665

RTECS number |

* TH3850000

UNII |

* 496073DYBF Y

InChI

* InChI=1S/F3P/c1-4(2)3 Y

Key: WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/F3P/c1-4(2)3

Key: WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYAK

SMILES

* FP(F)F

Properties

Chemical formula

| PF3
Molar mass | 87.968971 g/mol
Appearance  | colorless gas
Density | 3.91 g/L, gas
Melting point |  −151.5 °C (−240.7 °F; 121.6 K)
Boiling point |  −101.8 °C (−151.2 °F; 171.3 K)

Solubility in water

| slow hydrolysis
Structure

Molecular shape

| Trigonal pyramidal

Dipole moment

| 1.03 D
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Flash point | Non-flammable
Related compounds

Other anions

| Phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus tribromide
Phosphorus triiodide
Phosphane

Other cations

| Nitrogen trifluoride
Arsenic trifluoride
Antimony trifluoride
Bismuth trifluoride

Related ligands

| Carbon monoxide

Related compounds

| Phosphorus pentafluoride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Phosphorus trifluoride (formula PF3), is a colorless and odorless gas. It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water. Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes. As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls,[1] and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide.

## Contents

* 1 Physical properties
* 2 Properties
* 3 Preparation
* 4 Biological activity
* 5 Precautions
* 6 References
* 7 Further reading
* 8 External links

## Physical properties

Phosphorus trifluoride has an F−P−F bond angle of approximately 96.3°. Gaseous PF3 has a standard enthalpy of formation of −945 kJ/mol (−226 kcal/mol). The phosphorus atom has a nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of 97 ppm (downfield of H3PO4).

## Properties

Phosphorus trifluoride hydrolyzes especially at high pH, but it is less hydrolytically sensitive than phosphorus trichloride. It does not attack glass except at high temperatures, and anhydrous potassium hydroxide may be used to dry it with little loss. With hot metals, phosphides and fluorides are formed. With Lewis bases such as ammonia addition products (adducts) are formed, and PF3 is oxidized by oxidizing agents such as bromine or potassium permanganate.

As a ligand for transition metals, PF3 is a strong π-acceptor.[2] It forms a variety of metal complexes with metals in low oxidation states. PF3 forms several complexes for which the corresponding CO derivatives (see metal carbonyl) are unstable or nonexistent. Thus, Pd(PF3)4 is known, but Pd(CO)4 is not.[3][4][5] Such complexes are usually prepared directly from the related metal carbonyl compound, with loss of CO. However, nickel metal reacts directly with PF3 at 100 °C under 35 MPa pressure to form Ni(PF3)4, which is analogous to Ni(CO)4. Cr(PF3)6, the analogue of Cr(CO)6, may be prepared from dibenzenechromium:

Cr(C6H6)2 \+ 6 PF3 → Cr(PF3)6 \+ 2 C6H6

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Ball-and-stick model of [Pt(PF3)4] | Space-filling model of [Pt(PF3)4]

## Preparation

Phosphorus trifluoride is usually prepared from phosphorus trichloride via halogen exchange using various fluorides such as hydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride, arsenic trifluoride, antimony trifluoride, or zinc fluoride:[6][7][8]

2 PCl3 \+ 3 ZnF2 → 2 PF3 \+ 3 ZnCl2

## Biological activity

Phosphorus trifluoride is similar to carbon monoxide in that it is a gas which strongly binds to iron in hemoglobin, preventing the blood from absorbing oxygen.

## Precautions

PF3 is highly toxic, comparable to phosgene.[9]

## References

1. ↑ Chatt, J. (1950). "The Co-Ordinate Link in Chemistry". Nature 165 (4199): 637–638. doi:10.1038/165637a0. PMID 15416738.
2. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 494. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
3. ↑ Nicholls, D. (1973). Complexes and First-Row Transition Elements. London: Macmillan Press.
4. ↑ Kruck, T. (1967). "Trifluorphosphin-Komplexe von Übergangsmetallen". Angewandte Chemie 79 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1002/ange.19670790104.
5. ↑ Clark, R. J.; Busch, M. A. (1973). "Stereochemical Studies of Metal Carbonyl-Phosphorus Trifluoride Complexes". Accounts of Chemical Research 6 (7): 246–252. doi:10.1021/ar50067a005.
6. ↑ Williams, A. A.; Parry, R. W.; Dess, H. (1957). "Phosphorus(III) Fluoride". Inorganic Syntheses 5: 95–97. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch26.
7. ↑ Dubrisay, R. (1956). Pascal, P.. ed. Azote-Phosphore. Nouveau Traité de Chimie Minérale. 10. Paris, France: Masson. ISBN 978-2-225-57123-7.
8. ↑ Clark, R. J.; Belefant, H.; Williamson, S. M. (1990). "Phosphorus Trifluoride". Inorganic Syntheses 28: 310–315. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch77. ISBN 978-0-470-13259-3.
9. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

## Further reading

* Toy, A. D. F. (1973). The Chemistry of Phosphorus. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
* Lide, D. R., ed (1990). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (71st ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0471-2. https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche00lide.
* March, J. (1992). Advanced Organic Chemistry (4th ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 723. ISBN 978-0-471-60180-7.
* Stecher, P. G., ed (1960). The Merck Index (7th ed.). Rahway, NJ, USA: Merck & Co.
* Holmes, R. R. (1960). "An Examination of the Basic Nature of the Trihalides of Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 12 (3–4): 266–275. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(60)80372-7.

## External links

* National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
* WebBook page for PF3

* v
* t
* e

* Agents used in chemical warfare
* incapacitation
* riot control

Blood|

* Cyanogen
* Cyanogen bromide
* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine
* Vinyl arsine

Blister|

* Arsenicals
* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* Lewisite (L)
* Mustard gas (HD H HT HL HQ)
* Nitrogen mustard
* HN1
* HN2
* HN3
* TL-301
* Nitrosocarbamates
* KB-16

Nerve|

| G-agents|

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Chlorosarin (GC)
* Soman (GD)
* Ethylsarin (GE)
* Cyclosarin (GF)
* GH
* GJ
* GK
* GL
* GM
* GN
* GO
* GP
* GQ
* GR
* GS
* GT
* GU
* Fluorotabun
* GV
* GV1
* GV2
* GV3
* GV4
* GV5
* GV6
* EA-1356
* EA-3534
* EA-4352
* EA-5414
* EA-5488
* Thiosarin
* Thiosoman
* Thiocyclosarin
* Crotylsarin

|

V-agents|

* EA-2192
* EA-3148
* EA-3317
* VD
* VE
* VF
* VG
* VH
* VJ
* VK
* VL
* VM
* VN
* VO
* VP
* VQ
* VR
* VS
* VT
* VU
* VV
* VW
* VY
* VZ
* VX
* V1
* V2
* V3
* V4
* V5
* V6
* IVX
* IIVx
* Chinese VX
* V-sub x (GD-7)

Novichok agents|

* A-230
* A-232
* A-234
* A-242
* A-262
* C01-A035
* C01-A039
* C01-A042

Carbamates|

* EA-3887
* EA-3887A
* EA-3948
* EA-3966
* EA-3990
* EA-4026
* EA-4038
* EA-4048
* EA-4056
* EA-4057
* EA-4181
* T-1123
* Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)

Other|

* EA-2012
* EA-2054
* EA-2098
* EA-2613
* 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
* Neopentylene fluorophosphate

Precursors|

* Chlorosarin
* Chlorosoman
* Cyclohexanol
* 1,8-Dibromooctane
* N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
* Isopropyl alcohol
* Methyldichlorophosphine
* Methylphosphonic acid dichloride
* Methylphosphonyl difluoride
* Pinacolone
* Pinacolyl alcohol
* QL
* 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol

Neurotoxins|

* Saxitoxin (TZ)
* Botulinum toxin (BTX)
* Tetanospasmin (TeNT)
* Chlorophenylsilatrane
* Tetrodotoxin

Nettle|

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

Pulmonary/Choking agent|

* Chlorine
* Phosgene (CG)
* Perfluoroisobutene
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Diphosgene (DP)
* Disulfur decafluoride
* Acrolein
* Ethyl bromoacetate
* Perchloromethyl mercaptan

Vomiting agent|

* Adamsite
* Chloropicrin
* Diphenylchlorarsine
* Diphenylcyanoarsine
* Diphenylaminecyanoarsine

Incapacitating|

* Agent 15 (BZ)
* Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
* EA-3167
* EA-3443
* EA-3580
* EA-3834
* Kolokol-1
* LSD-25
* PAVA spray
* Sleeping gas

Riot control|

* Xylyl bromide
* Pepper spray (OC)
* Mace (spray)
* CN
* CS
* CR
* CNS

Other|

* Methyl fluoroacetate
* Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
* Ricin
* Abrin
* Enterotoxin type B
* Depleted uranium
* post-combustion uranium oxides

* List of chemical warfare agents
* CB military symbol

* v
* t
* e

Phosphorus compounds

* PBr3
* PBr5
* PCl3
* PCl5
* PF3
* PF5
* PI3
* InP
* PH3
* PN
* P3N5
* P2O3
* P2O4
* P2O5
* P4S3
* P4S10
* AlP
* Ca3P2
* Zn3P2
* CuP2
* HfP
* FeP
* Fe3P
* BP
* YP

* v
* t
* e

Fluorine compounds

| HF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | He

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LiF | BeF2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | BF3
B2F4 | CF4 | NF3 | OF2 | F− | Ne
NaF | MgF2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | AlF3 | SiF4 | PF3
PF5 | SF2
SF4
SF6 | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ar
KF | CaF2 | ScF3 | TiF3
TiF4 | VF3
VF4
VF5 | CrF2
CrF3
CrF4
CrF5 | MnF2
MnF3 | FeF2
FeF3 | CoF2
CoF3 | NiF2 | CuF
CuF2 | ZnF2 | GaF3 | GeF4 | AsF3
AsF5 | SeF4
SeF6 | BrF3
BrF5 | KrF2
RbF | SrF2 | YF3 | ZrF4 | NbF4
NbF5 | MoF5
MoF6 | TcF6 | RuF3
RuF4
RuF5
RuF6 | RhF6 | PdF2 | AgF
AgF2
Ag2F | CdF2 | InF3 | SnF2
SnF4 | SbF3
SbF5 | TeF4 | IF
IF3
IF5
IF7 | XeF2
XeF4
XeF6
CsF | BaF2 | *  | HfF4 | TaF5 | WF4
WF6 | ReF4
ReF5
ReF6
ReF7 | OsF4
OsF5
OsF6 | IrF3
IrF5
IrF6 | PtF4
PtF6 | AuF3
Au2F10
AuF5·F2
| HgF2
Hg2F2 | TlF
TlF3 | PbF2
PbF4 | BiF3
BiF5 | Po | At | RnF2
Fr | Ra | **  | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og
|  | ↓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| * | LaF3 | CeF3 | Pr | NdF3 | PmF3 | SmF3
| Eu | Gd | Tb | DyF3 | Ho | Er | Tm | YbF3
| Lu |
| ** | AcF3 | ThF4 | Pa | UF3
UF4
UF5
UF6 | NpF3
NpF4
NpF5
NpF6
| PuF3
PuF4
PuF5
PuF6 | AmF3
AmF4 | CmF3 | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

Other|

* AgBF4
* AgPF6
* Cs2AlF5
* K3AlF6
* Na3AlF6
* KAsF6
* LiAsF6
* NaAsF6
* HBF4
* KBF4
* LiBF4
* NaBF4
* RbBF4
* Ba(BF4)2
* Ni(BF4)2
* Pb(BF4)2
* Sn(BF4)2
* BaClF
* BaSiF6
* BaGeF6
* BrOF3
* BrO2F
* CBrF3
* CBr2F2
* CBr3F
* CClF3
* CCl2F2
* CCl3F
* CFN
* CF2O
* CF3I
* CHF3
* CH2F2
* CH3F
* C2Cl3F3
* C2H3F
* C6H5F
* C7H5F3
* C15F33N
* ClFO2
* CrFO4
* CrF2O2
* CsBF4
* NH4F
* FNO
* FNO2
* FNO3
* KHF2
* NaHF2
* ThOF2
* NH5F2
* (NH4)2SiF6
* F2OS
* F3OP
* PSF3
* HPF6
* HSbF6
* NH4PF6
* KPF6
* KSbF6
* LiPF6
* NaPF6
* NaSbF6
* Na2SiF6
* Na2TiF6
* Na2ZrF6
* TlPF6
* IOF3
* K2NbF7
* K2TaF7
* IO3F
* UO2F2

Chemical formulas

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