List of Soviet computer systems

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This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

## Contents

* 1 List of hardware
* 1.1 Ministry of Radio Technology
* 1.2 Ministry of Instrument Making
* 1.3 Ministry of the Electronics Industry
* 1.4 Soviet Academy of Sciences
* 1.5 ZX Spectrum clones
* 1.6 Other
* 2 List of operating systems
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## List of hardware

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

### Ministry of Radio Technology

Agat-9

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:[1]

* Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
* ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
* ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
* M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
* Minsk (Минск)
* Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
* Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
* Strela (Стрела)
* Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
* Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

### Ministry of Instrument Making

Iskra-1030

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:[1]

* Aragats (Арагац)
* Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
* Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone
* KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
* SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

### Ministry of the Electronics Industry

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:[1]

* Elektronika (Электроника) family
* DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
* Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
* UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
* Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
* Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
* Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
* Elektronika D3-28
* Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

### Soviet Academy of Sciences

Besta running Bestix

* BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
* Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
* Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
* Kronos (Кронос)
* MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
* M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

### ZX Spectrum clones

Hobbit

* ATM Turbo
* Byte
* Blic
* Dubna 48K – running at half the speed of the original
* Hobbit
* Pentagon
* Radon 'Z'
* Scorpion

### Other

* 5E** (5Э**) series – military computers
* 5E51 (5Э51)
* 5E53 (5Э53)
* 5E76 (5Э76) – IBM/360 clone, military version
* 5E92 (5Э92)
* 5E92b (5Э92б)
* A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
* Argon — a series of military real-time computers
* AS-6 (АС-6) – multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment – 6"
* Dnepr (Днепр)
* GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) – Hybrid Computer System
* Irisha (Ириша)
* Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
* Kiev (Киев)
* Korvet (Корвет)
* Krista (Криста)
* Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
* Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
* MIR, МИР (:uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", :uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2")
* Nairi (Наири)
* Orion-128 (Орион-128)
* Promin (Проминь)
* PS-2000, PS-3000 – multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
* Razdan (Раздан)
* Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
* Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
* Sneg[2] (Снег)
* Specialist (Специалист)
* SVS
* TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
* TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
* UM (УМ)
* UT-88
* Vesna and Sneg[2] — early mainframes

## List of operating systems

* For Kronos
* Kronos[3]
* For BESM
* D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
* DISPAK ("Диспетчер Пакетов," Dispatcher of the Packets)
* DUBNA ("ДУБНА")
* For ES EVM
* DOS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
* OS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
* For SM EVM
* RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
* OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
* DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
* INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
* For 8-bit microcomputers
* MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
* For ZX Spectrum clones
* iS-DOS, TASiS
* DNA-OS
* For different platforms
* MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) – ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
* MOS (operating system) – a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

## See also

* History of computing in the Soviet Union
* List of Soviet microprocessors
* List of Russian IT developers
* List of Russian microprocessors
* Internet in Russia

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Judy, Richard W.; Clough, Robert W. (1989). "Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware". Advances in Computers 29: 251–330. doi:10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60535-5. ISBN 9780120121298.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Электронные вычислительные машины "Весна" и "Снег".". Archived from the original on 2006-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20060901041711/http://www.computer-museum.ru/histussr/vesna.htm.
3. ↑ "Google Code Archive – Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.". Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20100828085610/http://code.google.com/p/kronos/.

## External links

* Russian Virtual Computer Museum
* Museum of the USSR Computers history
* Pioneers of Soviet Computing
* Archive software and documentation for Soviet computers UK-NC, DVK and BK0010.

* v
* t
* e

List of Soviet computer systems

* A
* Agat
* Aragats
* Argon
* ATM Turbo
* BESM
* Besta
* Dnepr
* Dubna 48K
* Elbrus
* UKNC
* DVK
* Electronika BK
* Electronika 60
* Electronika 85
* Electronika SS BIS
* Electronika MS 1502
* Electronika MS 1504
* ES EVM
* ES PEVM
* GVS-100
* Hobbit
* Hrazdan
* Iskra
* Irisha
* Kiev
* KVM-1
* Korvet
* M-1
* M
* MESM
* Micro-80
* Microsha
* Minsk
* MIR
* MIR-2
* MIR-3
* Nairi
* Orion-128
* Pentagon
* Poisk
* Pravetz
* Promina
* PS-2000, PS-3000
* Radon
* Radio-86RK
* Scorpion
* Setun
* SM EVM
* Sneg
* Specialist
* Strela
* SVS
* CUM-1
* UM
* Ural
* UT-88
* Vector-06C
* Vesna

See also: History of computing in the Soviet Union

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