States with legal codes that govern law enforcement

* Police collective bargaining agreements (CBAs)
* Ballotpedia's police collective bargaining agreement (CBA) dashboard
* By state
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
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* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
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* Chandler, Arizona
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* Cleveland, Ohio
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* Columbus, Ohio
* Corpus Christi, Texas
* Dallas, Texas
* Denver, Colorado
* Detroit, Michigan
* Henderson, Nevada
* Hialeah, Florida
* Indianapolis, Indiana
* Irvine, California
* View more
* Related Arguments
* Reform Proposals
* Bargaining in Blue Newsletter
* Bargaining in Blue: February 2025
* Bargaining in Blue: January 2025
* Bargaining in Blue: December 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: November 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: October 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: September 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: August 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: July 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: June 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: May 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: April 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: March 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: February 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: January 2024
* Bargaining in Blue: December 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: November 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: October 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: September 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: August 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: July 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: June 2023
* Bargaining in Blue: May 2023
* Index of Articles

Police hiring, training, and discipline

* * *

•  Police collective bargaining agreements (CBAs)
• Ballotpedia CBA dashboard
•Reform proposals
•CBA areas of inquiry and disagreement
•Arguments about police collective bargaining
• Index of articles about criminal justice policy
Click here for more analysis of police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city on Ballotpedia

## Contents

* 1 Maps
* 1.1 Map showing which states have legal codes that govern law enforcement
* 2 Background
* 3 Summary of findings
* 4 Results
* 5 See also
* 6 Footnotes

This page contains information from a Ballotpedia analysis about which states have legal codes that govern law enforcement. It is part of an analysis of police union collective bargaining agreements and related arrangements with police unions concerning hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements in the 50 states and top 100 cities by population.

According to the analysis, 45 states have legal codes that govern law enforcement as of December 2021.

This page features the following sections:

* Maps
* Background
* Summary of findings
* Results

## Maps[edit]

### Map showing which states have legal codes that govern law enforcement[edit]

## Background[edit]

Through the lens of 40 research questions related to police hiring, training, and discipline, Ballotpedia examined the collective bargaining agreements, statutes, and regulatory codes governing the 50 states and the top 100 US cities by population.

Some of the hiring, training, and discipline standards for police officers not established by statutes or regulations arise from negotiations with police unions. Those negotiations are often codified in collective bargaining agreements. Those agreements are the contracts that states and cities sign following negotiations with police unions. Some states and cities restrict collective bargaining, but may still negotiate with police unions using other methods. After negotiating with the unions, those jurisdictions sometimes establish police standards through documents including memoranda of understanding or meet and confer agreements.

You can find lists of all the collective bargaining agreements and other documents used by Ballotpedia for this survey here for states and here for cities.

## Summary of findings[edit]

Ballotpedia's analysis of state and city union policies produced the following key takeaways (as of December 2021):

* 45 states have legal codes that govern law enforcement
* 5 states did not have legal codes that govern law enforcement

## Results[edit]

The table below includes each state in alphabetical order and indicates those that have legal codes that govern law enforcement. To see the provisions Ballotpedia used to support these results, click here.

* means that the jurisdiction has legal codes that govern law enforcement
* A means that the jurisdiction does not have legal codes that govern law enforcement
* NO CBA means that the jurisdiction does not have a collective bargaining agreement
* UNKNOWN means that Ballotpedia could not verify whether the jurisdiction had a collective bargaining agreement
* FOIA DENIED means that the jurisdiction rejected Ballotpedia's request to review any collective bargaining agreements

State  | Has legal codes that govern law enforcement

|

Alabama |
Alaska |
Arizona |
Arkansas |
California |
Colorado |
Connecticut |
Delaware |
Florida |
Georgia |
Hawaii |
Idaho |
Illinois |
Indiana |
Iowa |
Kansas |
Kentucky |
Louisiana | A
Maine |
Maryland | A
Massachusetts |
Michigan |
Minnesota |
Mississippi | A
Missouri |
Montana |
Nebraska |
Nevada |
New Hampshire |
New Jersey | A
New Mexico |
New York |
North Carolina |
North Dakota |
Ohio |
Oklahoma |
Oregon | A
Pennsylvania |
Rhode Island |
South Carolina |
South Dakota |
Tennessee |
Texas |
Utah |
Vermont |
Virginia |
Washington |
West Virginia |
Wisconsin |
Wyoming |

## See also[edit]

* Police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city

## Footnotes[edit]

v • e

Police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city

Main|

Police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city

By state|

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements in Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Collective Bargaining Agreements|

Police collective bargaining agreement (CBAs) • Ballotpedia CBA dashboard

Main arguments|

Arguments related to police hiring, training, and discipline

Reform proposals|

Reform proposals related to police officer hiring, training, and discipline

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