Music Markup Language

Short description: XML based music description language

Not to be confused with Music Macro Language, a computer music notation format which is not an application of XML.

Music Markup Language (MML) was an early application of XML to describe music objects and events.[1] MML pioneered features commonly used in later music markup formalisms, such as the IEEE 1599 standard. These features included the use of XML as a foundation; the ability to describe a musical object or event comprehensively (as opposed to merely providing a machine-readable format for a traditional musical score, or for a determinate sound recording of one performance); and the division of this comprehensive information into modules (often termed layers in later work), with separate modules for metadata, lyrics, notation, sound, and performance.[2][3][4][5] MML makes it possible to state relationships among written syllables, phonemes, notes in traditional musical notation, pitch, and rhythm in a flexible and extensible way.[6]: 222–223

## See also

* HTML audio
* MusicXML
* Music Encoding Initiative

## References

1. ↑ Steyn, Jacques (September 19–20, 2002). "Framework for a music markup language" (in en). First International Conference on Musical Application Using XML (MAX2002). 1060. Milan, Italy: Laboratory for Musical Informatics (Laboratorio di Informatica Musicale—LIM). pp. 22–29. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2804/a1ad5ae03b8bc2e5be0c8c4bd97212f514c5.pdf. Retrieved 2017-08-27. HTML version on author's website.
2. ↑ Baratè, Adriano; Haus, Goffredo; Ludovico, Luca A.; Presti, Giorgio (2016). "Advances and perspectives in web technologies for music representation" (in en). DigitCult 1 (2): 1–18. http://digitcult.lim.di.unimi.it/index.php/dc/article/view/9.
3. ↑ Baratè, Adriano; Ludovico, Luca Andrea (September 2016). "Local and global Semantic Networks for the representation of music information" (in en). Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society 12 (4): 109–123. doi:10.20368/1971-8829/1186. http://je-lks.org/ojs/index.php/Je-LKS_EN/article/view/1186.
4. ↑ Ludovico, Luca A. (October 8, 2008). "Key concepts of the IEEE 1599 standard". in Baggi, D. (in en). The Use of Symbols to Represent Music and Multimedia Objects. Manno, Switzerland: IEEE Computer Society; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana—SUPSI). pp. 15–26. ISBN 978-88-7595-010-1. http://www.ludovico.net/download/papers/SUPSI2008.pdf. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
5. ↑ Ludovico, Luca A. (February 2009). "IEEE 1599: a multi-layer approach to music description" (in en). Journal of Multimedia 4 (1): 9–14. doi:10.4304/jmm.4.1.9-14. http://www.ludovico.net/download/papers/JMM2009.pdf. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
6. ↑ George, Susan Ella, ed (2005). "Chapter 7: Lyric recognition and Christian music" (in en). Visual perception of music notation: on-line and off-line recognition. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IRM Press. ISBN 1-59140-298-0.

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