Harbor

Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia.
A harbor (harbour in British English) or haven is a protected body of water that is sufficiently deep to provide ships with shelter from the weather and to store the vessels. Harbors can be natural or artificial. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land, resulting in calmer waves inside the harbor. An artificial harbor usually has sea walls or breakwaters and may require dredging.
A port is often built in a harbor, but every harbor does not have a port. A port is a man-made coastal or riverine facility where boats and ships can load and unload passengers and cargo. It may consist of quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, and slipways with cranes or ramps. A port may also have magazine buildings or warehouses for the storage of goods and a transport system, such as railway, road transport, or pipeline transport facilities for relaying goods inland.

Contents

1 Natural harbors
2 Ice-free harbors
3 Temporary harbors
4 Notable harbors
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
9 Credits



The largest artificially created harbor is in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The busiest harbor is the twin Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach in southern California in the United States.

 Capri harbor, Italy, seen from Anacapri.
Natural harbors
 A natural harbor in Vizhinjam, India.
A natural harbor is a landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic and economic importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a naturally protected harbor reduces or eliminates the construction of breakwaters.

Ice-free harbors
For harbors near the poles, being ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are Murmansk (Russia), Petsamo (Russia, formerly Finland), Hammerfest, Vardø, and Prince Rupert (Canada). The southernmost harbor, at Antarctica's Winter Quarters Bay (77°50′S), presents a potentially ice-free harbor, dependent on summer pack ice conditions.[1]

Temporary harbors
 St. John's harbour in Newfoundland, Canada.
Sometimes a harbor is needed where one is not available because of damage, as in times of war. In such a case, a temporary harbor may be built and transported in segments to the required location. The most notable of these were the two Mulberry harbors used during the D-Day invasion of Normandy in World War II.

Notable harbors
 A tiny harbor at the village of Clovelly in Devon, England.
The following are large natural harbors:

Baltimore's Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Boston Harbor, United States
Charleston, United States
Cork Harbour, Republic of Ireland
Durban, South Africa
Falmouth, Cornwall, England
Freetown Harbour, Sierra Leone
Gothenburg, Sweden
Grand Harbour, Malta
Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia Canada
Kingston, Jamaica
Kochi, India
Manila Bay, Philippines
Milford Haven, Wales
Montevideo, Uruguay
Mumbai, India
New York Harbor, United States
Oslofjord, Norway
Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii
Plymouth Sound, Devon, England
Poole Harbour, Dorset, England
Port Jackson, Australia
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Salvador, Brazil
San Diego Bay, San Diego, California
San Francisco Bay, United States
Tokyo Bay, Tokyo, Japan
Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
Vancouver, Canada
Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles
Other notable harbors include:

Belém, Brazil
Hamburg Harbour, Germany
Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States
Kahului, Hawaii
Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Keelung, Taiwan
Keppel Harbour, Singapore
Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand
New Haven Harbor, United States
Port of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium
Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge, Flanders, Belgium
Portland Harbour, Dorset, England
Trondheim, Norway
Victoria Harbour Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
See also
Boat
Dry dock
Port
Ship
Notes

↑ National Science Foundation, U.S. Polar Programs. Retrieved September 14, 2008.


ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Dunham, James W., and Arnold A. Finn. 2002. Small-Craft Harbors: Design, Construction, and Operation. Amsterdam: Fredonia Books. ISBN 1589639650.
Keith, Robert C. 1991. Baltimore Harbor: A Picture History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801842042.
Roland, Alex, W. Jeffrey Bolster, and Alexander Keyssar. 2008. The Way of the Ship: America's Maritime History Reenvisioned, 1600-2000. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470136003.
Whiteneck, Lawrence L., and Lester A. Hockney. 1989. Structural Materials for Harbor and Coastal Construction. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070681538.
External links
All links retrieved July 27, 2017.

Ports of United States of America. PortFocus.

Credits
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