List of supernovae

Short description: none

SN 1054 remnant
(Crab Nebula)

A supernova is an event in which a star destroys itself in an explosion which can briefly become as luminous as an entire galaxy. This list of supernovas of historical significance includes events that were observed prior to the development of photography, and individual events that have been the subject of a scientific paper that contributed to supernova theory.

## Contents

* 1 List of supernovae
* 2 Supernova statistics
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## List of supernovae

In most entries, the year when the supernova was seen is part of the designation (1st column).

Supernova
designation
(year)  | Constellation  | Observations  | Apparent
magnitude | Distance
(light years)  | Type  | Galaxy  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

SN 185 | Centaurus | 7 December 185  | −4 (?)[1] | 9,100[2] | Ia (?)  | Milky Way | Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to −8\. The remnant is probably RCW 86, some 8200 ly distant,[3] making it comparable to SN 1572. Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.[4][5]
SN 386 | Sagittarius | April/May 386  | +1.5  | 14,700  | II  | Milky Way  | "suggested SN",[6] candidate remnant could be G11.2-0.3.[7][8] There are three suggestions and doubtful if SN at all or classical nova or something else.[9]
SN 393 | Scorpius | 27 February − 28 March - 22 October − 19 November 393  | –0  | 3,400  |  II/Ib  | Milky Way  | "possible SN",[6] could also be classical nova or something else[9]
SN 1006 | Lupus | 17 April 1006 - 1 May 1006  | –7.5[10] | 7,200  | Ia  | Milky Way  | Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.[11]
SN 1054 | Taurus | c. 10 July [O.S. c. 4 July] 1054
c. 12 April [O.S. c. 6 April] 1056  | –6[12] | 6,500  | II  | Milky Way  | Remnant is the Crab Nebula with its pulsar (neutron star)
SN 1181 | Cassiopeia | 4 August 1181 - 6 August 1181  | 0  | 7,100  | sub-luminous Type Iax supernova  | Milky Way  | Remnant is Pa 31 with its hot stellar remnant[13]
SN 1572 | Cassiopeia | November 1572  | –4.0  | 8,000  | Ia  | Milky Way  | Tycho's Nova
SN 1604  | Ophiuchus | 8–9 October 1604  | –3  | 14,000  | Ia  | Milky Way  | Kepler's Supernova; most recent readily visible supernova within the Milky Way
Cas A,
c. 1680  | Cassiopeia | 1680  | +5  | 9,000  | IIb  | Milky Way  | Apparently never visually conspicuous, due to interstellar dust; but the remnant, Cas A, is the brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky
G1.9+0.3,
cal. 1868  | Sagittarius | 1868  | (visible light masked by dust)  | 25,000  | Ia  | Milky Way  | Located near the Galactic Center; "Posthumously" discovered in 1985; age determined in 2008
SN 1885A | Andromeda | 20 August 1885  | +5.85[14] | 2,500,000  | Ipec  | Andromeda Galaxy | First observation of an extragalactic supernova
SN 1895B | Centaurus | 12 December 1895  | +8.0[15] | 10,900,000  | Ia  | NGC 5253 |
SN 1909A  | Ursa Major | January 1909  | +12.1  | 21,000,000  |  | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)  | [16][17]
SN 1937C  | Canes Venatici | 24 August 1937  | +8.4[15] | 13,000,000  | Ia  | IC 4182 |
SN 1939C | Cepheus | 17 July 1939  | +13.0  | 25,200,000  | I  | NGC 6946 (Fireworks Galaxy)  |
SN 1940B | Coma Berenices | 5 May 1940  | +12.8  | 38,000,000  | II-P  | NGC 4725 |
SN 1951H  | Ursa Major | 1 September 1951  | +17.5  | 21,000,000  |  | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)  | [18]
SN 1961V | Perseus | 11 July 1961  | +12.5  | 30,000,000  | II?  | NGC 1058 | Potential supernova impostor[19]
SN 1970G  | Ursa Major | 30 July 1970  | +12.1  | 21,000,000  | II  | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)  | [20][21][22]
SN 1972E | Centaurus  | 13 May 1972  | +8.7[23] | 10,900,000  | Ia  | NGC 5253 | Followed for more than a year; became the prototypical Type Ia supernova
SN 1983N  | Hydra | 3 July 1983  | +11.8  | 15,000,000  | Ib  | Messier 83 | First observation of a Type Ib supernova
SN 1986J | Andromeda | 21 August 1986  | +18.4  | 30,000,000  | IIn  | NGC 891 | Bright in the radio frequency range
SN 1987A | Dorado | 1987  | +2.9  | 160,000  | IIpec  | Large Magellanic Cloud | Intense radiation reached Earth on February 23, 1987, 7:35:35 UT. Notable for archival photos of progenitor star and detection of supernova neutrinos. Most recent Local Group supernova
SN 1993J | Ursa Major | 28 March 1993  | +10.7[24] | 11,000,000  | IIb  | M81 | One of the brightest supernovae in the northern sky since 1954
SN 1994D | Virgo | 7 March 1994  | +15.2  | 50,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 4526 |
SN 1998bw | Telescopium  | 26 April 1998  | ?  | 140,000,000  | Ic  | ESO 184-G82 | Linked to GRB 980425, which was the first time a gamma-ray burst has been linked to a supernova.
SN 1999eh | Lynx | 12 October 1999  | +18.3 +/- 0.3  | 84,000,000  |  I  | NGC 2770 | First supernovae in this galaxy, where 3 more were detected later.
SN 2002bj | Lupus | 2002  | +14.7  | 160,000,000  | IIn  | NGC 1821  | AM Canum Venaticorum-type outburst.[25]
SN 2002dd  | Ursa Major | 2002  | +24.0  | 8,000,000,000  | Ia  | anonymous galaxy  | Furthest supernova observed through Hubble Deep Field.[26]
SN 2003fg | Boötes | 2003  |  | 4,000,000,000  | Ia  | anonymous galaxy  | Also known as the "Champagne supernova"
SN 2004am  | Ursa Major | March 2004  |  | 11,500,000  | II  | M82 (Cigar Galaxy)  | [27]
SN 2004dj | Camelopardalis | 31 July 2004
18:15  |  | 8,000,000  | II-P  | NGC 2403 | NGC 2403 is an outlying member of the M81 Group
SN 2213-1745 | Aquarius | November 2004-June 2005  |  |  | II  |
SN 2005ap | Coma Berenices | 3 March 2005  |  | 4,700,000,000  | II  | ?  | Announced in 2007 to be the brightest supernova up to that point.
SN 2005gj | Cetus  | 27 September 2005  |  | 865,000,000  | Ia/II-n  | ?  | Notable for having characteristics of both Type Ia and Type IIn.
SN 2005gl | Pisces | 5 October 2005  | +16.5  | 200,000,000  | II-n  | NGC 266 | Star could be found on old pictures.[28]
SN 2006gy | Perseus | 18 September 2006  | +15  | 240,000,000  | IIn (*) | NGC 1260 | Observed by NASA,
*with a peak of over 70 days, possibly a new type.
SN 2006jc | Lynx | 9 October 2006  |  | 77,000,000  | Ibn  | UGC 4904 |
SN 2007bi | Virgo | Early 2007  | +18.3  |  | Ia  | anonymous dwarf galaxy  | Extremely bright and long-lasting, the first good observational match for the pair-instability supernova model postulated for stars of initial mass greater than 140 solar masses (even better than SN 2006gy). The precursor is estimated at 200 solar masses, similar to the first stars of the early universe.[29]
SN 2007uy | Lynx | 31 December 2007  | +16.8  | 84,000,000  | Ibc  | NGC 2770 | Got overshadowed by SN 2008D.
SN 2008D | Lynx | 9 January 2008  |  | 88,000,000  | Ibc  | NGC 2770 | First supernova to be observed while it exploded.
MENeaC Abell399.3.14.0  | Aries |  | +28.7  | 1,000,000,000
(z=0.0613)  | Ia  | anonymous red globular cluster associated with anonymous red elliptical galaxy in cluster Abell 399  | Observed in 2009. Supernova associated with a globular cluster[30][31]
SN 2009ip | Piscis Austrinus  | 2009  |  | 66,000,000  | IIn  | NGC 7259 | In 2009 classified as supernova. Redesignated as Luminous blue variable (LBV) Supernova impostor.[32] In September 2012 classified as a young type IIn supernova.[33]
SN 2010lt | Camelopardalis  | 2 January 2011  | +17.0  | 240,000,000  | Ia (sub-luminous)  | UGC 3378  | Discovered by 10-year-old girl, the youngest person to discover a supernova.
SN 2011fe | Ursa Major | 24 August 2011  | +10.0  | 21,000,000  | Ia  | M101 | One of the very few extragalactic supernovae visible in 50mm binoculars.
SN UDS10Wil | Cetus  | April 2013  |  | 16,600,000,000  |  |  | Also Known as SN Wilson.[34]

[35] [36] [37]

SN 2014J | Ursa Major | Mid January 2014  | +10.1  | 11,500,000  | Ia  | M82 | Closest supernova since SN 2004dj in NGC 2403.
SN 2014aa | Leo | 7 March 2014  |  | 310,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 3861 | [38][39][40]
SN Refsdal | Leo | 11 November 2014  |  | 14,400,000,000  |  | SP 1149
ASASSN-15ga | Virgo | 1 April 2015  |  | 1,000,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 4866 | [41]
ASASSN-15lh SN 2015L  | Indus | 14 June 2015  | +16.9  | 3,800,000,000  | Ic  | APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9  | Most luminous hypernova ever observed.
IPTF14hls | Ursa Major | September 2014  | +17.7  | 509,000,000  | unknown  | SDSS J092034.44+504148.7 (possible dwarf galaxy)  | Unusual supernova
SN 2016aps | Draco | 22 February 2016  | +18.11  | 3,600,000,000  | SLSB-II  | ?  | Most luminous supernova-like event to date.
SN 2017gax  | Dorado  | 14 August 2017  |  | 517,000,000  |  I  | NGC 1672 |
SN 2018gv | Puppis | 15 January 2018  |  | 70,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 2525 | [42][43][44][45][46]
SN 2018zd  | Camelopardalis  | 2 March 2018  | +17.8  | 70,000,000  | Ia-csm  | NGC 2146 | First electron capture supernova ever detected
SN 2018cow | Hercules | 16 June 2018, 10:35:02  |  | 200,000,000  | Ib  | CGCG 137-068  | [47]
SN 2019np | Leo Minor | 9 January 2019  | +13.0  | 75,000,000  |  Ia  | NGC 3254 | [48][49]
SN 2019hgp  | Boötes |  | +20.16  | 920,000,000  | Icn  |  | First detected supernova of a Wolf-Rayet star[50][51]
SN 2020oi | Coma Berenices | 7 January 2020  | +17.28  | 46,000,000  | Ic  | Messier 100 |
SN 2020fqv | Virgo | 31 March 2020  | +19.0  | 59,400,000  | IIb  | NGC 4568 | Earliest known observation of an explosion, 26 hours after[52][53][54]
SN 2020jfo | Virgo | 6 May 2020  |  | 45,610,000  | II  | M61 | [55][56][57]
SN 2020tlf | Boötes | 2020  | +15.89  | 120,000,000  | IIn  | NGC 5731  | First red supergiant observed before, during and after explosion; earliest known observation, at 130 days before explosion[58][59]
SN 2021gmj | Ursa Major | 20 March 2021  | +11.2  | 34,800,000  | II-P  | NGC 3310 | [60]
SN 2021hpr | Draco | April 2, 2021  |  | 129,000,000 ± 29  | Ia  | NGC 3147 | [61]
SN 2021jad | Lepus | April 2021  |  | 65,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 1964 | [62]
SN 2021yja | Eridanus | 8 September 2021  |  | 750,000,000  | II  | NGC 1325[63][64] |
SN 2021aefx | Dorado | 11 November 2021  | +17.2  | 69,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 1566 | [65]
SN 2021afdx  | Sculptor | 23 November 2021  | +18.8  | 500,000,000  | II  | Cartwheel Galaxy | [66][67]
SN 2022jli | Cetus  | 5 May 2022  | +14  | 75,000,000  | type I-c  | NGC 157
SN 2022aajn  | Gemini | November 2022  |  | 600,000,000  | Ia  |  | [68]
SN 2023ixf | Ursa Major | 19 May 2023
17:27  | +10.8  | 21,000,000  | type II-L | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)[69] | Closest and brightest supernova since SN 2014J
SN 2023rve | Fornax | 8 September 2023  | +13.9  | 450,000,000  | II  | NGC 1097[70][71][72][73][74] | Brightest Supernova Since SN 2023ixf.
SN 2023vyl | Pegasus | 28 October 2023  |  | 783,000,000  | Ia  | NGC 7625 | [75][76]
SN 2023abdg  | Grus | 12 December 2023  |  | 816,000,000  | II  | NGC 7421 | [77]
SN 2023ufx  |  |  | +15.55  |  |  II  |  | The most metal-poor supernova found to date.[78]
SN H0pe | Ursa Major | 2023  | +23.93  | 16,100,000,000 (z=1.783)  | Ia  | PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1  | [79]
SN 2024gy  | Virgo | 4 January 2024  | +12.8  | 55,000,000  |  Ia  | NGC 4216 | [80]
SN 2024ggi | Hydra | 11 April 2024  | +11.9  | 21,700,000  |  II  | NGC 3621 | [81]
SN 2024inv  | Leo | 10 May 2024  | +12.1  | 82,200,000  |  Ia  | NGC 3524 | [82]
SN 2024muv  | Virgo | 26 June 2024  | +12.7  | 65,000,000  |  Ia  | NGC 4699 | [83]
SN 2024abfl | Camelopardalis | 15 November 2024  |  | 41,000,000  |  II  | NGC 2146 | [84]
SN 2025fvw  | Serpens | 26 March 2025  | +13.8  | 100,000,000  |  Ia  | NGC 5957 | [85]

## Supernova statistics

Yearly extragalactic supernovae reported  Year  | Total  | Type I  | Type II | LBV
(imposters)  | Brighter than
apmag 13  | Apmag of brightest
Supernova of that year

|
|
|
|
|
|

2024[86] | 23766 | 1675 | 473 | 4 | 5 | 11.9 (2024ggi in NGC 3621)
2023[87] | 19859 | 1430 | 417 | 7 | 2 | 10.9 (2023ixf in Messier 101)
2022[88] | 21368 | 1732 | 396 | 7 | 4 | 12.1 (2022pul in NGC 4415)
2021[89] | 23665 | 1849 | 465 | 5 | 8 | 12.0 (2021aefx in NGC 1566)
2020[90] | 21775 | 1648 | 451 | 7 | 7 | 11.8 (2020ue in NGC 4636)
2019[91] | 18767 | 1652 | 485 | 9 | 1 | 13.0 (2019np in NGC 3254)
2018[92] | 9525 | 1206 | 332 | 7 | 5 | 12.7 (2018pv in NGC 3941)
2017[93] | 8293 | 746 | 218 | 4 | 3 | 11.5 (2017cbv in NGC 5643)
2016[94] | 7737 | 681 | 226 | 3 | 0 | 13.0 (2016coj in NGC 4125)
2015[95] | 4474 | 707 | 214 | 4 | 2 | 12.9 (2015F in NGC 2442)
2014[96] | 2243 | 528 | 175 | 2 | 3 | 10.1 (2014J in Messier 82)
2013[97] | 1922 | 498 | 190 | 7 | 6 | 11.3 (2013aa in NGC 5643)
2012[98] | 1223 | 550 | 152 | 8 | 5 | 11.9 (2012fr in NGC 1365)
2011[99] | 1129 | 439 | 160 | 10 | 7 | 9.9 (2011fe in Messier 101)
2010[100] | 931 | 279 | 135 | 7 | 2 | 12.8 (2010ih in NGC 2325)
2009[101] | 576 | 202 | 137 | 1 | 0 | 13.0 (2009ig in NGC 1015)
2008[102] | 511 | 251 | 143 | 1 | 3 | 12.4 (2008ge in NGC 1527)
2007[103] | 605 | 442 | 130 | 1 | 3 | 12.0 (2007it in NGC 5530)
2006[104] | 558 | 418 | 124 | 2 | 3 | 12.1 (2006dd in NGC 1316)
2005[105] | 385 | 273 | 94 | 1 | 2 | 12.3 (2005df in NGC 1559)
2004[106] | 343 | 221 | 79 | 0 | 2 | 11.2 (2004dj in NGC 2403)
2003[107] | 384 | 198 | 89 | 1 | 1 | 12.3 (2003hv in NGC 1201)
2002[108] | 353 | 163 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 12.3 (2002ap in Messier 74)
2001[109] | 310 | 108 | 75 | 0 | 2 | 12.3 (2001el in NGC 1448)
2000[110] | 199 | 76 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 13.1 (2000cx in NGC 524)
2000–2023 | 147,135 | 16,297
(76.5%) | 5000 | 95 | 72 |

## See also

* List of most distant supernovae
* List of supernova candidates
* List of supernova remnants
* Lists of astronomical objects
* novae
* supernovae
* hypernovae

## References

1. ↑ Modern estimates vary widely; see SN 185 for more detail.
2. ↑ Ksenofontov, L. T.; Berezhko, E. G.; Völk, H. J. (2005-04-01). "Magnetic field amplification in Tycho and other shell-type supernova remnants" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 433 (1): 229–240. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042015. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2005A&A...433..229V.
3. ↑ "New evidence links stellar remains to oldest recorded supernova" Chandra X-ray Observatory, released 2006-09-18, revised 2009-02-20, retrieved 2010-02-26.
4. ↑ "Identification of the Guest Star of AD 185 as a comet rather than a supernova". Nature 371 (6496): 398–399. 1994. doi:10.1038/371398a0. Bibcode: 1994Natur.371..398C. http://mail.tku.edu.tw/einmann/papers/SN185.ps.
5. ↑ "The Guest Star of AD185 Must Have Been a Supernova". Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 6 (5): 635–40. 2006. doi:10.1088/1009-9271/6/5/17. Bibcode: 2006ChJAA...6..635Z.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "SNR Cat - U Manitoba". http://snrcat.physics.umanitoba.ca.
7. ↑ SEDS. "Supernova 386". http://spider.seds.org/spider/Misc/sn0386.html.
8. ↑ National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). "The Supernova of 386 AD". http://images.nrao.edu/666.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hoffmann, Susanne M; Vogt, Nikolaus (2020-09-11). "A search for the modern counterparts of the Far Eastern guest stars 369 CE, 386 CE and 393 CE" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497 (2): 1419–1433. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1970. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.497.1419H. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/497/2/1419/5879202.
10. ↑ Winkler, P. Frank; Gupta, Gaurav; Long, Knox S. (2003). "The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum". The Astrophysical Journal 585 (1): 324–335. doi:10.1086/345985. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...585..324W.
11. ↑ "Astronomers Peg Brightness of History's Brightest Star" (Press release). National Optical Astronomy Observatory. 2003-03-05. Archived from the original on 2003-04-02. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
12. ↑ SEDS, Supernova 1055 – Creation of the Crab Nebula
13. ↑ Ritter, Andreas; Parker, Quentin A.; Lykou, Foteini; Zijlstra, Albert A.; Guerrero, Martín A.; Le Dû, Pascal (2021-09-01). "The Remnant and Origin of the Historical Supernova 1181 AD". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 918 (2): L33. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2253. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...918L..33R.
14. ↑ de Vaucouleurs, G.; Corwin Jr., H. G. (1985). "S Andromedae 1885 - A centennial review". Astrophysical Journal 295: 287. doi:10.1086/163374. Bibcode: 1985ApJ...295..287D.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "List of Supernovae". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Harvard University. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html.
16. ↑ Wolf, M. (1909). "Var. 6.1909 Ursae majoris". Astronomische Nachrichten 180 (14–15): 245. doi:10.1002/asna.19091801405. Bibcode: 1909AN....180..245W.
17. ↑ "SN 1909A". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1909A. 1909A&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1909A&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
18. ↑ Bishop, David. "Other Supernovae images, entry for SN 1951H". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/snimages/snother.html#1951H.
19. ↑ Voisey, Jon (5 November 2010). "What was SN 1961V?". Universe Today. http://www.universetoday.com/77535/what-was-sn-1961v/.
20. ↑ Stoyan, Ronald Atlas of the Messier Objects, Cambridge University Press 2008 page 329
21. ↑ Detre, L; Lovas, Miklos (1970). "IAUC 2269". International Astronomical Union Circular (2269): 1. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02200/02269.html.
22. ↑ Stienon, Francis; Wdowiak, Thomas (1971). "The Spectrum of the July 1970 Supernova in M101". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 505: 1. Bibcode: 1971IBVS..505....1S.
23. ↑ Ardeberg, A.; de Groot, M. (1973). "The 1972 supernova in NGC 5253. Photometric results from the first observing season". Astronomy & Astrophysics 28: 295–304. Bibcode: 1973A&A....28..295A.
24. ↑ J. C. Wheeler; E. Barker; R. Benjamin; J. Boisseau; A. Clocchiatti; G. de Vaucouleurs; N. Gaffney; R. P. Harkness et al. (1993). "Early Observations of SN 1993J in M81 at McDonald Observatory". Astrophysical Journal 417: L71–L74. doi:10.1086/187097. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...417L..71W.
25. ↑ Sanders, Robert. "Rapid supernova could be new class of exploding star". UC Newsroom (University of California, Berkeley). http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/22291.
26. ↑ information@eso.org. "SN2002dd in the HDF North - 2002" (in en). https://esahubble.org/images/opo0312c/.
27. ↑ "SN 2004am | Transient Name Server". https://wis-tns.weizmann.ac.il/object/2004am.
28. ↑ David Bishop (2005). "Supernova 2005gl in NGC 266". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (Rochester Academy of Science) (250): 1. Bibcode: 2005CBET..250....1P. http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2005/sn2005gl.html. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
29. ↑ Science Daily, "Superbright Supernova Is First of Its Kind", 5 December 2009 (accessed 2009-12-15)
30. ↑ Melissa L. Graham; David J. Sand; Dennis Zaritsky; Chris J. Pritchet (13 May 2015). "Confirmation of Hostless Type Ia Supernovae Using Hubble Space Telescope Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal 807 (1): 83. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/83. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...807...83G.
31. ↑ Robert Sanders (4 June 2015). "Exiled stars explode far from home". UC Berkeley News Center. https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/06/04/exiled-stars-explode-far-from-home/.
32. ↑ "Supernova impostor explodes for real". https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22345-astrophile-supernova-impostor-explodes-for-real/.
33. ↑ Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Lopez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Iturra, D. et al. (2009). "Supernova 2009ip in NGC 7259". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (1928): 1. Bibcode: 2009CBET.1928....1M. http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2009/sn2009ip.html. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
34. ↑ Major, Jason (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel. http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm.
35. ↑ Yglesias, Matthew (2013-04-04). "Exploding stars: Supernova found is most distant of its kind yet". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/04/04/exploding_stars_supernova_found_is_most_distant_of_its_kind_yet.html.
36. ↑ "Hubble breaks record for furthest supernova" (in en). 2013-04-04. https://esahubble.org/news/heic1306/.
37. ↑ Jones, David O.; Rodney, Steven A.; Riess, Adam G.; Mobasher, Bahram; Dahlen, Tomas; McCully, Curtis; Frederiksen, Teddy F.; Casertano, Stefano et al. (25 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 166. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..166J. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166.
38. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2014.". http://rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/index.html#2014aa.
39. ↑ "SN 2014aa | Transient Name Server" (in en). https://wis-tns.weizmann.ac.il/object/2014aa.
40. ↑ "2014aa - The Open Supernova Catalog" (in en-US). https://sne.space/sne/2014aa/.
41. ↑ Piascik, A. S.; Steele, I. A. (2015-01-01). "ATel #7333: Spectral Classification of ASASSN-15ga in NGC4866". The Astronomer's Telegram. http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=7333. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
42. ↑ "SN 2018gv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2018gv. 2018gv&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2018gv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
43. ↑ Siebert, M. R.; Dimitriadis, G.; Foley, R. J. (2018). "Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2018gv with Keck I/LRIS". The Astronomer's Telegram 11175: 1. Bibcode: 2018ATel11175....1S. http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11175.
44. ↑ Bufano, F.; Berton, M.; Vogl, C.; Floers, A.; Taubenberger, S.; Anderson, J.; Galbany, L.; Schulze, S. et al. (2018). "EPESSTO spectroscopic classification of optical transients: SN2018gv a very young SN Ia". The Astronomer's Telegram 11177: 1. Bibcode: 2018ATel11177....1B. https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11177.
45. ↑ (in en) Time-Lapse of Supernova in NGC 2525, https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic2018a/, retrieved 2021-11-05
46. ↑ NASA, ESA, J. DePasquale (STScI), M. Kornmesser and M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble), A. Riess (STScI/JHU) and the SH0ES team, and the Digitized Sky Survey (6 October 2020). "Check out this exploding supernova captured by the Hubble telescope". https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/av/54416190. "Supernova SN 2018gv"
47. ↑ Morris, Amanda (26 May 2020). "Astrophysicists capture new class of transient objects". Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2020-05-astrophysicists-capture-class-transient.html.
48. ↑ "SN 2019np". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2019np. 2019np&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2019np&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
49. ↑ Bishop, David. "Bright Supernovae - 2019". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2019/index.html.
50. ↑ Gal-Yam, A.; Bruch, R.; Schulze, S.; Yang, Y.; Perley, D. A.; Irani, I.; Sollerman, J.; Kool, E. C. et al. (12 January 2022). "A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon–oxygen–neon nebula" (in en). Nature 601 (7892): 201–204. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04155-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35022591. Bibcode: 2022Natur.601..201G. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04155-1.
51. ↑ "Astronomers discover first supernova explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star" (in en). 12 January 2022. https://www.iac.es/en/outreach/news/astronomers-discover-first-supernova-explosion-wolf-rayet-star.
52. ↑ Jenner, Lynn (2021-10-19). "Hubble Gives Unprecedented, Early View of a Doomed Star's Destruction". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/hubble-gives-unprecedented-early-view-of-a-doomed-stars-destruction.
53. ↑ Gough, Evan (2021-10-29). "Quick Action Let Hubble Watch the Earliest Stages of an Unfolding Supernova Detonation" (in en-US). https://www.universetoday.com/153114/quick-action-let-hubble-watch-the-earliest-stages-of-an-unfolding-supernova-detonation/.
54. ↑ Tinyanont, Samaporn; Ridden-Harper, R; Foley, R J; Morozova, V; Kilpatrick, C D; Dimitriadis, G; DeMarchi, L; Gagliano, A et al. (2021-10-26). "Progenitor and close-in Circumstellar Medium of Type II Supernova 2020fqv from high-cadence photometry and ultra-rapid UV spectroscopy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512 (stab2887): 2777–2797. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2887. ISSN 0035-8711.
55. ↑ Sollerman, J. (2021-07-30). "The Type II supernova SN 2020jfo in M 61, implications for progenitor system, and explosion dynamics". Astronomy & Astrophysics 655: A105. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141374. Bibcode: 2021A&A...655A.105S.
56. ↑ Vallely, P.J.; Kocanek, CS; Stanek, KZ; Fausnaugh, M; Shappee, BJ (February 2021). "High-cadence, early-time observations of core-collapse supernovae from the TESS prime mission". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500 (4): 5639–5656. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3675.
57. ↑ Jones, DO (2021). "The Young Supernova Experiment: Survey Goals, Overview, and Operations". The Astrophysical Journal 908 (143): 143. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd7f5. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...908..143J.
58. ↑ Jacobson-Galán, W. V.; Dessart, L.; Jones, D. O.; Margutti, R.; Coppejans, D.L.; Dimitriadis, G.; Foley, R. J.; Kilpatrick, C. D. et al. (6 January 2022). "Final Moments. I. Precursor Emission, Envelope Inflation, and Enhanced Mass Loss Preceding the Luminous Type II Supernova 2020tlf". The Astrophysical Journal (American Astronomical Society) 924 (1): 15. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3f3a. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...924...15J.
59. ↑ Anderson, Paul Scott (14 January 2022). "Dying star's explosive end seen by astronomers". Deborah Byrd. https://earthsky.org/space/dying-stars-explosive-end-supernova-sn-2020tlf/.
60. ↑ "SN 2021gmj". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2021gmj.
61. ↑ Bishop, David (May 13, 2021). "Supernovae 2021jad in NGC 1964". Rochester Academy of Science. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/sn2021jad.html.
62. ↑ Bishop, David (May 13, 2021). "Supernovae 2021jad in NGC 1964". Rochester Academy of Science. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/sn2021jad.html.
63. ↑ Smith, K. W. et al. (September 2021). "ATLAS21bidw (AT2021yja): discovery of a candidate SN in NGC 1325 (22 Mpc)". Transient Name Server AstroNote 2021-235 235: 1. Bibcode: 2021TNSAN.235....1S.
64. ↑ Ryder, S. D. et al. (September 2021). "Radio observations of SN 2021yja". The Astronomer's Telegram 14915: 1. Bibcode: 2021ATel14915....1R.
65. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2021.". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/index.html#2021aefx.
66. ↑ David Bishop (23 November 2021). "2021afdx". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html#2021afdx.
67. ↑ "SN 2021afdx". Transient Name Server. IAU Supernova Working Group. 23 November 2021. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2021afdx.
68. ↑ "SN 2022aajn". ESA. https://esahubble.org/images/potw2504a/.
69. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (October 2023). "Out with a Bang". Scientific American 329 (3): 8–11. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1023-8. PMID 39017247.
70. ↑ Odeh, Mohammad (8 September 2023). "AT 2023rve". IAU Supernova Working Group. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023rve.
71. ↑ Arrizabalaga, P. E.; Ekajouan, H. A.; Álvarez, C. A.; Díaz-Caneja, C. A.; Sánchez, F. B.; López, A. I.; Illanes, G. A. J.; Sánchez, P. J. et al. (2023). "SN 2023rve: Follow-up photometry with LCOGT DeltaRho 350 + QHY600". Transient Name Server Astronote 246: 1. Bibcode: 2023TNSAN.246....1A. https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-246. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
72. ↑ Bishop, David (12 September 2023). "Supernovae 2023rve in NGC 1097". Bright Supernovae. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/sn2023rve.html.
73. ↑ Otero, Sebastian (12 September 2023). "The International Variable Star Index: SN 2023rve". AAVSO. https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=2388107.
74. ↑ Ghannam, Osama (8 September 2023). "New Supernova is Discovered From the UAE". IAC. https://www.astronomycenter.net/articles/2023/09/10/sn2023rve?l=en.
75. ↑ Supernovae 2023vyl in NGC 7625, Astronomy Section, Rochester Academy of Science, January 26, 2024, https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/sn2023vyl.html, retrieved 2024-01-28.
76. ↑ "SN 2023vyl". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023vyl.
77. ↑ "SN 2023abdg", Transient Name Server, https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023abdg, retrieved 2024-02-04.
78. ↑ Tucker, Michael A.; Hinkle, Jason; Angus, Charlotte R.; Auchettl, Katie; Hoogendam, Willem B.; Shappee, Benjamin; Kochanek, Christopher S.; Ashall, Chris et al. (2024). "The Extremely Metal-poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-redshift Type II Supernovae" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 976 (2): 178. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8448. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...976..178T.
79. ↑ Polletta, M.; Nonino, M.; Frye, B. et al. (July 2023). "Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78". Astronomy & Astrophysics 675: L4. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346964. Bibcode: 2023A&A...675L...4P.
80. ↑ "SN 2024gy". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024gy. 2024gy&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024gy&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
81. ↑ "SN 2024ggi". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024ggi. 2024ggi&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024ggi&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
82. ↑ "SN 2024inv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024inv. 2024inv&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024inv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
83. ↑ "SN 2024muv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024muv. 2024muv&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024muv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
84. ↑ "SN 2024abfl". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024abfl. 2024abfl&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=[[Organization:International+Astronomical+Union|IAU]]&rft_id=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024abfl&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Astronomy:List_of_supernovae">
85. ↑ "2025fvw | Transient Name Server". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2025fvw.
86. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2024". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2024/snstats.html. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
87. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2023". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
88. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2022". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2022/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
89. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2021". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
90. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2020". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2020/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
91. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2019". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2019/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
92. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2018". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2018/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
93. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2017". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2017/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
94. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2016". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2016/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
95. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2015". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2015/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
96. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2014". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
97. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2013". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2013/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
98. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2012". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2012/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
99. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2011". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
100. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2010". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2010/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
101. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2009". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2009/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
102. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2008". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2008/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
103. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2007". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2007/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
104. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2006". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2006/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
105. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2005". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2005/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
106. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2004". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2004/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
107. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2003". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2003/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
108. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2002". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2002/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
109. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2001". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2001/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
110. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2000". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2000/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23.

## Further reading

* Green, David A. (2015). "Historical Supernova Explosions in Our Galaxy and Their Remnants". in Orchiston, Wayne; Green, David A.; Strom, Richard. 43. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 91–100. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07614-0_7. ISBN 978-3-319-07613-3.

## External links

* The Open Cataclysmic Variable Catalog
* IAU Supernovae on the Transient Name Server (TNS)
* Supernovae through 2015 at IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT).
* WISeREP – The Weizmann Interactive Supernova data Repository

* v
* t
* e

Supernovae

Classes|

* Type Ia
* Type Ib and Ic
* Type II (IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb)
* Hypernova
* Superluminous
* Pair-instability

Physics of|

* Calcium-rich
* Carbon detonation
* Foe
* Near-Earth
* Phillips relationship
* Nucleosynthesis
* P-process
* R-process
* Neutrinos

Related|

* Imposter
* pulsational pair-instability
* Failed
* Gamma-ray burst
* Kilonova
* Luminous red nova
* Nova
* Pulsar kick
* Quark-nova
* Symbiotic nova

Progenitors|

* Hypergiant
* yellow
* Luminous blue variable
* Supergiant
* blue
* red
* yellow
* White dwarf
* related links
* Wolf–Rayet star

Remnants|

* Supernova remnant
* Pulsar wind nebula
* Neutron star
* pulsar
* magnetar
* related links
* Stellar black hole
* related links
* Compact star
* quark star
* exotic star
* Zombie star
* Local Bubble
* Superbubble
* Orion–Eridanus

Discovery|

* Guest star
* History of supernova observation
* Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae

Lists|

* Candidates
* Notable
* Massive stars
* Most distant
* Remnants
* In fiction

Notable|

* Barnard's Loop
* Cassiopeia A
* Crab
* Crab Nebula
* iPTF14hls
* Tycho's
* Kepler's
* SN 1987A
* SN 185
* SN 1006
* SN 2003fg
* Remnant G1.9+0.3
* SN 2007bi
* SN 2011fe
* SN 2014J
* SN Refsdal
* Vela Remnant

Research|

* ASAS-SN
* Calán/Tololo Survey
* High-Z Supernova Search Team
* Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope
* Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey
* Nearby Supernova Factory
* Sloan Supernova Survey
* Supernova/Acceleration Probe
* Supernova Cosmology Project
* SuperNova Early Warning System
* Supernova Legacy Survey
* Texas Supernova Search

* Book:Supernovae
* Category:Supernovae
* Commons:Supernovae

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