Chronic eosinophilic leukemia

Other names: CEL
Specialty| Hematology, oncology

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia is a form of cancer in which too many eosinophils are found in the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. Most cases are associated with fusion genes. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Causes
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 Prognosis
* 6 Epidemiology
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

a) Hyperpigmented plaques with scaling on the elbows, b) dystrophic fingernails, c) dystrophic toenails

Signs and symptoms may include weight loss, fever, malaise, cough, skin and mucosal lesions, diarrhea, and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiac symptoms are also possible.[2]

In cases associated with PDGFRB and FGFR1 mutations, splenomegaly is common. Lymphadenopathy is also common with FGFR1 mutations.[2]

Infiltration of eosinophils causes organ damage.[3]

## Causes[edit | edit source]

Most cases of CEL are associated with rearrangements in PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1.[4]

CEL not otherwise specified (CEL NOS) is a form in which BCR-ABL1 fusion genes and PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 rearrangements are not found.[5]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

For a diagnosis of CEL, hypereosinophilia with greater than 30% eosinophils is required.[4] Serum IgE is usually normal. In cases associated with PDGFRB, serum vitamin B12 and tryptase may be elevated.[2]

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

The management for Chronic eosinophilic leukemia is systemic steroids, and hydroxyurea[6]

## Prognosis[edit | edit source]

CEL associated with a mutation in PDGFRA is treatable with imatinib and has an excellent prognosis. On the other hand, CEL associated with FGFR1 mutations has a very poor prognosis.[4] Progression can occur from CEL to AEL or AML in rare cases.[4]

## Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Cases occur in people of all ages. The disease is more common in males than females.[2]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Jaffe, Elaine (2016-08-25). Hematopathology (2 ed.). pp. 931–941. ISBN 978-0-323-29613-7.
3. ↑ McPherson (2011). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (23 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 606–658. ISBN 9781437709742.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hoffman, Ronald (2017-08-15). Hematology: basic principles and practice (Seven ed.). pp. 1151–1169. ISBN 978-0-323-35762-3.
5. ↑ Aster, Jon. Hematopathology: A Volume in the High Yield Pathology Series. Elsevier. p. 222.
6. ↑ Klion, Amy D. (29 October 2009). "How I treat hypereosinophilic syndromes". Blood. 114 (18): 3736–3741. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-07-143552. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Chronic eosinophilic leukemia Archived 2015-04-18 at the Wayback Machine entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
* Cancer.Net: Eosinophilic Leukemia Archived 2022-02-02 at the Wayback Machine

Classification|

* ICD-O: 9964/3

|

External resources|

* Orphanet: 168940

* v
* t
* e

Myeloid-related hematological malignancy

CFU-GM/
and other granulocytes|

| CFU-GM|

| Myelocyte|

| AML:|

* Acute myeloblastic leukemia
* M0
* M1
* M2
* APL/M3

|

MP|

* Chronic neutrophilic leukemia

Monocyte|

| AML|

* AMoL/M5
* Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia

|

CML|

* Philadelphia chromosome
* Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia

Myelomonocyte|

| AML|

* M4

|

MD-MP|

* Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
* Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Other|

* Histiocytosis

CFU-Baso|

| AML|

* Acute basophilic

|

CFU-Eos|

| AML|

* Acute eosinophilic

|

MP|

* Chronic eosinophilic leukemia/Hypereosinophilic syndrome

MEP|

| CFU-Meg|

| MP|

* Essential thrombocythemia

* Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

|

CFU-E|

| AML|

* Erythroleukemia/M6

|

MP|

* Polycythemia vera

MD|

* Refractory anemia
* Refractory anemia with excess of blasts
* Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome
* Sideroblastic anemia
* Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
* Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia

CFU-Mast|

| Mastocytoma|

* Mast cell leukemia
* Mast cell sarcoma
* Systemic mastocytosis

|

Mastocytosis:|

* Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis
* Erythrodermic mastocytosis
* Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis
* Urticaria pigmentosa
* Mast cell sarcoma
* Solitary mastocytoma

Systemic mastocytosis|

* Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis

Multiple/unknown|

| AML|

* Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
* Myeloid sarcoma

|

MP|

* Primary myelofibrosis
* Biphenotypic acute leukaemia

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template