Indian Institute of Astrophysics

Short description: Research institute in Bangalore, India

Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore

Type| Research institution
Established| 1971; 55 years ago (1971)
Director| Annapurni Subramaniam[1]
Location|

Bengaluru

Karnataka

India

Campus| Urban
Website| www.iiap.res.in
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore main campus

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), with its headquarters in Bengaluru, is an autonomous research institute wholly funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. IIA conducts research primarily in the areas of astronomy, astrophysics and related fields.

The institute has a network of laboratories and observatories in India, including Kodaikanal (the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory), Kavalur (the Vainu Bappu Observatory), Gauribidanur (the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory), Hanle (the Indian Astronomical Observatory) and Hosakote.

IIA contributed to Astrosat, India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory.[2] The Astrosat project is a collaborative effort of many different research institutions from India.[3] The institute led the development of Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT).[4]

## Contents

* 1 Areas of research
* 2 History
* 3 Academics
* 4 Notable faculty
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Areas of research

Researchers at IIA work on a diverse set of topics related to Astronomy and Astrophysics. However, the research can be broadly classified under the following areas:

* Sun & Solar System
* Stellar Astronomy
* Galactic Astronomy
* Extragalactic Astronomy & Cosmology
* Theoretical Astrophysics & Physics
* Techniques & Instrumentation
* Space Astronomy

## History

William Petrie (died: 1816), an officer of the East India Company set up private observatory in his residence located in Egmore, Chennai (formerly Madras), India.[5][6] The main aim of the observatory, according to Petrie, was

> "to provide navigational assistance to the company ships and help determine the longitudes by observing the eclipses of Moon and satellites of Jupiter".[7]

In 1790, this private observatory was taken over by the East India Company, with Michael Topping (1747–96) as an astronomer. In 1792, the observatory was expanded and shifted to a complex in Nungambakkam area of Chennai. This was the first modern observatory outside Europe.[6]

As early as 1881, Mr. Blanford, then Meteorological Reporter to the government of India, recommended "the improvement of the work of solar observations in order to obtain accurate measures of the sun’s heating power at the earth’s surface and its periodic variations".[8] In May 1882, the government astronomer at Madras, Norman Robert Pogson, proposed the need for photography and spectrography of the sun and the stars using a twenty-inch telescope, which could be at a hill station in South India.

On 20 July 1893 following a famine in Madras Presidency, which underscored the need for a study of the sun to better understand monsoon patterns, a meeting of the U.K. Secretary of State, Indian Observatories Committee, chaired by Lord Kelvin, decided to establish a solar physics observatory at Kodaikanal, based on its southern, dust free, high altitude location. Michie Smith was selected to be superintendent. Starting in 1895 there was a rapid transfer of work and equipment from the Madras Observatory to Kodaikanal and the observatory was founded on 1 April 1899. Later this Kodaikanal solar observatory become the foundation of modern Indian institute of Astrophysics.

In 1968 a new field observatory was started at Kavalur for stellar spectroscopy and photometry. Expansion of activities and interests have led to the formation of the new optics, Electronics and data analysis centre at Bengaluru and the setting up at Gauri Bidanur of a large low frequency array for studies of galactic and extragalactic structure. In 1971, the former Astrophysical Observatory was converted to an autonomous research Institute wholly financed by the Government of India, and to be known henceforth as the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Presently, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics functions under the control of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.[9]

## Academics

The Institute awards two types of degrees.

* PhD:[10]
* Integrated MTech-PhD[11]

## Notable faculty

* Vainu Bappu
* Vinod Krishan[12]

## See also

* List of astronomical observatories
* Mauritius Radio Telescope, a project co-led by the IIA
* Prajval Shastri

## References

1. ↑ "Director's Page | Indian Institute of Astrophysics". Iiap.res.in. 24 October 2019. http://www.iiap.res.in/people/personnel_dir.htm.
2. ↑ "PSLV Successfully Launches India's Multi Wavelength Space Observatory ASTROSAT – ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/28-sep-2015/pslv-successfully-launches-indias-multi-wavelength-space-observatory-astrosat.
3. ↑ Agrawal, P. C. (2017). "AstroSat: From Inception to Realization and Launch". Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 38 (2): 27. doi:10.1007/s12036-017-9449-6. ISSN 0250-6335. Bibcode: 2017JApA...38...27A.
4. ↑ Agrawal, P. C. (2017-06-19). "AstroSat: From Inception to Realization and Launch" (in en). Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 38 (2): 27. doi:10.1007/s12036-017-9449-6. ISSN 0973-7758. Bibcode: 2017JApA...38...27A.
5. ↑ Hasan, S. S.; Mallik, D. C. V.; Bagare, S. P.; Rajaguru, S. P. (2010). "Solar Physics at the Kodaikanal Observatory: A Historical Perspective". Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and Atmosphere of the Sun. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. pp. 12–36. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02859-5_3. ISBN 978-3-642-02858-8.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jayant V Narlikar (4 August 2003). The Scientific Edge: The Indian Scientist from Vedic to Modern Times. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-93-5118-928-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=_l6eBQAAQBAJ.
7. ↑ Das Gupta (1900). Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c.1784-1947: Project of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Volume XV, Part 4. Pearson Longman. p. 713. ISBN 978-81-317-5375-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pks7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA713.
8. ↑ MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. MAY, 1906 [verification needed]
9. ↑ "Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore | Department of Science & Technology". http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomousstinstitutions/indian-institute-astrophysics-bangalore.
10. ↑ "PhD Programme | Indian Institute of Astrophysics". https://www.iiap.res.in/opportunities/graduate.
11. ↑ "Integrated MTech- PhD (Tech.) | Indian Institute of Astrophysics". https://www.iiap.res.in/intmtech.html.
12. ↑ Rohini Godbole (editor), Ram Ramaswamy (editor) (31 October 2008). Lilavati's Daughters: The Women Scientists of India. pp. 163–165, 359.

## External links

[ ⚑ ]  14°16′47″N 77°10′48″E﻿ / ﻿14.27972°N 77.18°E﻿ / 14.27972; 77.18

* v
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Telescopes and Observatories in India

* Indian Institute of Astrophysics
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Places of worship|

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Culture|

| Periodic events|

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Cinemas|

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Others|

* Bibliography of Bangalore

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Localities

North Bengaluru|

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West Bengaluru|

* Basaveshwaranagar
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* Nayandahalli
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Central Bengaluru|

* Austin Town
* Bangalore Cantonment
* Bangalore Central Business District
* Bengaluru Pete
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East Bengaluru|

* Belathur
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* Mahadevapura
* Marathahalli
* Murphy Town
* Murugeshpalya
* Varthur
* Vimanapura
* Whitefield
* Yemalur

South Bengaluru|

* Adugodi
* Agara
* Ananthnagar
* Anjanapura
* Arekere
* Banashankari
* Basavanagudi
* Begur
* Bilekahalli
* Bommanahalli
* Bommasandra
* BTM Layout
* Carmelaram
* Chandapura
* Chikkalasandra
* Dommasandra
* Ejipura
* Electronic City
* Girinagar
* Hanumanthanagar
* Hebbagodi
* HSR Layout
* Hulimavu
* Jayanagar
* Jigani
* J. P. Nagar
* Kaggalipura
* Konanakunte
* Konappana Agrahara
* Koramangala
* Kumaraswamy Layout
* Madiwala
* Padmanabhanagar
* Puttenahalli
* Rajarajeshwari Nagar
* Suddaguntepalya
* Ramanjaneyanagar
* Taverekere
* Thyagarajanagar
* Uttarahalli

Institutions

Education|

* List of schools in Bangalore
* Bangalore International School
* Bishop Cotton Boys' School
* Baldwin Boys High School
* KV Hebbal
* Kensri School
* Little Flower Public School
* Mallya Aditi International School
* National Public School, Indiranagar
* St. Joseph's Indian High School
* St.Germain High School
* Venkat International Public School

Higher education|

* List of Bangalore colleges
* Acharya Institute of Technology
* Al-Ameen College of Law
* Bangalore University
* Bangalore Institute of Technology
* Bangalore Medical College
* B.M.S. College of Engineering
* Christ University
* Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering
* Indian Institute of Astrophysics
* Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
* Indian Institute of Science
* Indian Statistical Institute
* International Institute of Information Technology
* National Institute of Fashion Technology
* National Law School of India University
* National College
* National Centre for Software Technology
* Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology
* Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering
* Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute Of Technology
* University of Agricultural Sciences
* University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering
* Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship

Hospitals|

* Apollo Hospitals
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* SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium
* St. John's Hospital
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* Victoria Hospital

Industry|

* List of Bangalore telecom companies
* Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

* Famous people
* Central business district
* Bangalore Rural District
* List of cities known as Silicon Valleys
* Tourist attractions
* Lakes
* Chola temples in Bangalore
* Economy

* v
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Indian space program

* Department of Space (DoS)

Organisations|

* Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
* Antrix Corporation
* Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
* Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
* Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
* National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
* New Space India Limited
* Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
* Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
* Integrated Space Cell
* Defence Space Agency

Programmes|

* Bhaskara
* GAGAN
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* Rohini
* SROSS
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* Human Spaceflight Programme

Satellites|

* APPLE
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Space observatories|

* Astrosat
* Aditya-L1 (planned)
* AstroSat-2 (planned)

Lunar and
planetary spacecraft|

* Chandrayaan-1
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* Chandrayaan-3 (planned, 2021)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (proposed)
* Mars Orbiter Mission
* Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed)
* Shukrayaan-1 (proposed)

Crewed spacecraft|

* Gaganyaan (Under development)

Rockets|

* Engines
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* Orbital
* SLV
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* Concepts
* ULV
* Under development
* RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
* RLV-TD
* HEX
* SSLV
* SCE-200

Facilities|

* Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
* ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
* ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
* Master Control Facility (MCF)
* Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
* Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS)
* ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)
* Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC)
* Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
* ISRO Propulsion Complex
* Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)

Related|

* SAGA-220 (supercomputer)
* RESPOND

* List of Indian satellites
* List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
* List of ISRO missions

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

| Pan-African
and pan-Arab|

* RASCOM
* Arabsat

|

National|

* ASAL
* EgSA
* NARSS
* ESSTI
* GSSTC
* KSA
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* NASA
* NESDIS
* OSC
* FAA/AST
* FCC
* USSF
* USSPACECOM
* NRO

|

Latin America
and the Caribbean|

* ALCE
* AEM
* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
* ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Pan-Asian|

* APSCO

|

Central Asia|

* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VK
* TNSA1

East Asia|

* CNSA
* SASTIND
* CASC
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* PLAASF
* CASIC
* JAXA
* ISAS
* JSS
* NICT
* NATA
* KASA
* KARI
* KASI
* SaTReC
* TASA

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO2
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* NSIL
* DSA
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* BRIN
* ORPA
* INASA
* MYSA
* PhilSA
* SSTL
* GISTDA
* VNSC

West Asia|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* NSSA
* NEHSA
* ISA
* ISRC
* ISA
* NCSR
* SSA
* KACST-SRI
* SSA2
* GORS
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA (MBRSC)

Europe|

| Pan-European|

* CEN/CENELEC
* CEPT
* ETSI
* Eurocontrol
* ECAC
* ESA
* ECSS
* ESTEC
* EAC
* ESRIN
* ECSAT
* ESAC
* ESOC
* ESTRACK
* Guiana Space Centre
* EUMETSAT
* EUTELSAT IGO
* ESO

|

EU and EEA|

* DG DEFIS
* EUSPA
* EU SatCen
* EASA
* BEREC
* ALR2
* BELSPO
* BIRA-IASB
* SRTI2
* CSO2
* DTU Space
* ESO1
* CNES2
* AAE
* CdE
* DLR2
* HSA
* HSO2
* ASI
* LSA
* LSO1
* SRON
* NSO
* NOSA
* POLSA2
* CBK PAN
* UKE
* KRRiT
* ORO
* ULC
* PTSPACE
* ROSA2
* INTA
* AEC
* EAE
* AEE
* SNSA

Other|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VVKO
* SSO
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* SSAU1
* UKSA2

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* CCSDS
* CEOS
* COSPAR
* IPDA
* Cospas-Sarsat
* GEO
* GSC
* IADC
* ICSMD
* IMSO
* ISECG
* ISS MCB
* ITSO
* Intersputnik
* ODCWG
* ITU-R
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA
* UNOSAT

Former|

* BNSC
* KCST
* INCOSPAR
* LAPAN
* NAL
* NASDA
* SSP
* MOM
* Interkosmos

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program
* 2 Preceded by Interkosmos participation

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