Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2A

Other names: Lower extremity-predominant spinal muscular atrophy type 2A, SMALED2A
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2A is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Specialty| Neurology
Symptoms| Muscle weakness in legs
Usual onset| Infancy
Duration| Lifetime
Causes| Mutations in BICD2 gene
Diagnostic method| Molecular test

Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2A (SMALED2A) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by muscle weakness predominantly in legs. The disorder is usually diagnosed shortly after birth; affected children have a delayed motor development, waddling gait, difficulties walking, sometimes develop spasticity.[1][2] Sensation, swallowing and cognitive development are not affected. The disorder is slowly progressive throughout the lifetime.[1]

The disease is caused by a mutation in the BICD2 gene and is passed on in an autosomal dominant manner.[1]

There is no known cure for SMALED2A.[citation needed]

Lower extremity-predominant SMA (SMALED2) with mutations in BICD2. a) Hypotrophy of proximal and distal muscles of lower limbs b) scapular winging c) lumbal hyperlordosis

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Spinal muscular atrophies
* Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 1
* Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2B

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 615290
2. ↑ Frasquet, M.; Camacho, A.; Vílchez, R.; Argente‐Escrig, H.; Millet, E.; Vázquez‐Costa, J. F.; Silla, R.; Sánchez‐Monteagudo, A.; Vílchez, J. J.; Espinós, C.; Lupo, V. (2020). "Clinical spectrum of BICD2 mutations". European Journal of Neurology. 27 (7): 1327–1335. doi:10.1111/ene.14173. ISSN 1351-5101. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2021-09-27.

Classification|

* OMIM: 615290

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Diseases of the nervous system, primarily CNS

Inflammation|

| Brain|

* Encephalitis
* Viral encephalitis
* Herpesviral encephalitis
* Limbic encephalitis
* Encephalitis lethargica
* Cavernous sinus thrombosis
* Brain abscess
* Amoebic

|

Brain and spinal cord|

* Encephalomyelitis
* Acute disseminated
* Meningitis
* Meningoencephalitis

Brain/
encephalopathy|

| Degenerative|

| Extrapyramidal and
movement disorders|

* Basal ganglia disease
* Parkinsonism
* PD
* Postencephalitic
* NMS
* PKAN
* Tauopathy
* PSP
* Striatonigral degeneration
* Hemiballismus
* HD
* OA

* Dyskinesia
* Dystonia
* Status dystonicus
* Spasmodic torticollis
* Meige's
* Blepharospasm
* Athetosis
* Chorea
* Choreoathetosis
* Myoclonus
* Myoclonic epilepsy
* Akathisia

* Tremor
* Essential tremor
* Intention tremor
* Restless legs
* Stiff-person

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Dementia|

* Tauopathy
* Alzheimer's
* Early-onset
* Primary progressive aphasia
* Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
* Pick's
* Dementia with Lewy bodies
* Posterior cortical atrophy

* Vascular dementia

Mitochondrial disease|

* Leigh syndrome

Demyelinating|

* Autoimmune
* Inflammatory
* Multiple sclerosis
* For more detailed coverage, see Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS

Episodic/
paroxysmal|

| Seizures and epilepsy|

* Focal
* Generalised
* Status epilepticus
* For more detailed coverage, see Template:Epilepsy

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Headache|

* Migraine
* Cluster
* Tension
* For more detailed coverage, see Template:Headache

Cerebrovascular|

* TIA
* Stroke
* For more detailed coverage, see Template:Cerebrovascular diseases

Other|

* Sleep disorders
* For more detailed coverage, see Template:Sleep

CSF|

* Intracranial hypertension
* Hydrocephalus
* Normal pressure hydrocephalus
* Choroid plexus papilloma
* Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
* Cerebral edema
* Intracranial hypotension

Other|

* Brain herniation
* Reye syndrome
* Hepatic encephalopathy
* Toxic encephalopathy
* Hashimoto's encephalopathy

Both/either|

| Degenerative|

| SA|

* Friedreich's ataxia
* Ataxia–telangiectasia

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MND|

* UMN only:
* Primary lateral sclerosis
* Pseudobulbar palsy
* Hereditary spastic paraplegia

* LMN only:
* Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
* Spinal muscular atrophies
* SMA
* SMAX1
* SMAX2
* DSMA1
* Congenital DSMA
* Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
* SMALED1
* SMALED2A
* SMALED2B
* SMA-PCH
* SMA-PME
* Progressive muscular atrophy
* Progressive bulbar palsy
* Fazio–Londe
* Infantile progressive bulbar palsy

* both:
* Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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