List of hottest exoplanets

Short description: none

This is a list of the hottest exoplanets so far discovered, specifically those with temperatures greater than 2500 K (2230 °C; 4040 °F) for exoplanets irradiated by a nearby star and greater than 2000 K (1730 °C; 3140 °F) for self-luminous exoplanets. For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F).

## Contents

* 1 List of hottest exoplanets irradiated by a nearby star
* 2 List of hottest self-luminous exoplanets
* 3 Unconfirmed candidates
* 4 Notes
* 5 References

## List of hottest exoplanets irradiated by a nearby star

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Methods for finding temperature:

* Teff: Measured effective temperature.
* Teq: The temperature of the planet has not been measured, so it is listed with the calculated equilibrium temperature.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

| Name  | Temperature (K)  | Mass  | Method  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

| KELT-9b | 4643±26[1] | 2.17±0.56 MJ[2] | Teff | Hottest known exoplanet, with a temperature comparable to K-type stars.
| 55 Cancri e (Janssen) | 3771+669
−520[3] | 7.99 M🜨[3] | Hottest confirmed rocky exoplanet.
| TOI-2109b  | 3631±69[4] | 5.02±0.75 MJ[4] | Has the shortest orbital period among the hot Jupiters in 0.6725 days (16.14 hours).[4]
| BD-14 3065b  | 3520±130[5] | 12.37±0.92 MJ[5] |
| WASP-189b  | 3435±27[6] | 1.99+0.16
−0.14 MJ[6] |
| TOI-1518b | 3237±59[7] | <2.3 MJ[7] |
| WASP-103b | 3205±136[8] | 1.455+0.090
−0.091 MJ[8] | First exoplanet to have a deformation detected.[9] (see Jacobi ellipsoid)
| KELT-16b | 3190±61[10] | 2.75 MJ[10] |
| WASP-12b | 3128±66[11] | 1.476+0.076
−0.069 MJ[12] | This planet is so close to its parent star that its tidal forces are distorting it into an egg shape. First planet observed being consumed by its host star;[13] it will be destroyed in 3.16 ± 0.10 Ma due to tidal interactions.[14][15]
| WASP-33b | 3108±113[8] | 2.81±0.53 MJ[16] | First planet discovered to orbit a Delta Scuti variable star
| WASP-18b | 3067±104[8] | 10.20±0.35 MJ[8] |
| MASCARA-1b | 3062±67[17] | 3.7 MJ[17] |
| HATS-70b  | 2730+140
−160[18] | 12.9 MJ[18] | Teq |
| WASP-100b | 2710[19] | 2.03 MJ[19] | Teff |
| MASCARA-5b | 2700[20] | 3.12 MJ[20] |
| WASP-76b | 2670 (dayside)[21] | 0.92±0.032 MJ[22] | A glory effect in the atmosphere of WASP-76b might be responsible for the observed increase in brightness of its eastern terminator zone which if confirmed, it would become the first exoplanet to have its glory-like phenomenon to be discovered.[23][24]
| HAT-P-7b | 2667±57[25] | 1.806±0.036 MJ[26] | First exoplanet to have a crude map of cloud coverage
| TOI-2260 b  | 2609±86[18] | 0.011 +0.0079−0.0041 MJ[27] | Teq |
| HAT-P-70b  | 2562+43
−52[18] | 6.78 MJ[18] | Teq |
| Kepler-13b | 2550±80 (2277 °C)[18] | 9.28(16) MJ[28] | Discovered by Kepler in first four months of Kepler data.[29]
| The following well-known planets are listed for the purpose of comparison.
| Kepler-10b | 2130+60
−120 (1857 °C)[30] | 3.58±0.33 M🜨[31] | Teq | First confirmed terrestrial planet to have been discovered outside the Solar System
| TrES-4b | 1782±29 (1509 °C)[32] | 0.78±0.19 MJ[33] | Largest confirmed exoplanet ever found at the time of discovery.[34] This planet has a density of 0.17 g/cm3, comparable to that of balsa wood, less than Saturn's 0.7 g/cm3.[35]
| CoRoT-7b | 1756±27 (1483 °C)[36] | 5.74 M🜨[36] | Smallest exoplanet to have its diameter measured at the time of discovery and first potential extrasolar terrestrial planet to be found.
| Upsilon Andromedae b (Saffar) | 1673 (1400 °C)[37] | 1.70+0.33
−0.24 MJ[38] | Teff | First multiple-planet system to be discovered around a main-sequence star, and first multiple-planet system known in a multiple-star system.
| WASP-17b (Ditsö̀) | 1550+170
−200 (1277 °C)[26] | 0.512±0.037 MJ[26] | With a density of about 0.08 g/cm3,[39] it is one of the puffiest exoplanets known.
| HD 209458 b ("Osiris") | 1499±15 (1226 °C)[40] | 0.682+0.014
−0.015 MJ[26] | Represents multiple milestones in exoplanetary discovery, such as the first exoplanet known observed to transit its host star, the first exoplanet with a precisely measured radius, one of first two exoplanets (other being HD 189733 Ab) to be observed spectroscopically[41][42] and the first to have an atmosphere detected, containing evaporating hydrogen, and oxygen and carbon. First extrasolar gas giant to have its superstorm measured.[43] Also first (indirect) detection of a magnetic field on an exoplanet.[44] Nicknamed "Osiris".
| TrES-2b | 1466±9 (1193 °C)[45] | 1.253 MJ[45] | Teq | The darkest exoplanet known, reflecting less than 1% its star's light.
| 51 Pegasi b (Dimidium) | 1265 (992 °C)  | 0.46+0.06
−0.01 MJ[46] | Teq | The first exoplanet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star.
| Kepler-20e | 1004±14 (735 °C)[47] | <0.76 M🜨[47] | The first planet smaller than Earth discovered after PSR B1257+12 b.
| Venus (for reference) | 735 (462 °C)[48] | 0.815 M🜨[48] |  | Hottest planet in the Solar System.

## List of hottest self-luminous exoplanets

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

All these are measured temperatures.

Image
(Or artistic representation)  | Name  | Temperature
(K)  | Mass
(MJ)  | Notes

|
|
|
|

| HIP 78530 b | 2700±100[49] | 28 ± 10[50] | Likely a brown dwarf.
| GQ Lupi b | 2650±100[51] | ~ 20 (1 – 39)[51] | Likely a brown dwarf. First confirmed exoplanet candidate to be directly imaged.
| CT Chamaelontis b
(CT Cha b) | 2600±250[52] | 17 ± 6[52] | Likely a brown dwarf. Furthest planet to be directly imaged at the distance of 622 ly (190.71 pc).
| DH Tauri b | 2400±100[53] | 11 ± 3[53]
| The following well-known planets are listed for the purpose of comparison.
| Beta Pictoris b | 1724±15 (1451 °C)[54] | 11.729 +2.337−2.135[55] | First exoplanet to have its rotation rate measured[56] and fastest-spinning planet discovered at the equator speed of 19.9 ± 1.0 km/s (12.37 ± 0.62 mi/s) or 71,640 ± 3,600 km/h (44,520 ± 2,240 mph).[57]

## Unconfirmed candidates

These planet candidates have not been confirmed.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

| Name  | Temperature (K)  | Mass  | Method

|
|
|
|

| Kepler-70b  | 7662 [lower-alpha 1] | 0.44 M🜨 | Teq
| Kepler-70c | 6807 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.655 M🜨
| WD 2226-210 b | 4970[58] |
| Vega b | 3250 [59][lower-alpha 3] | 21.9 M🜨

## Notes

1. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
2. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
3. ↑ Assuming bond albedo of 0.25

## References

1. ↑ Jones, K. et al. (October 2022). "The stable climate of KELT-9b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A118. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243823. Bibcode: 2022A&A...666A.118J.
2. ↑ Pai Asnodkar, Anusha; Wang 王, Ji 吉; Gaudi, B. Scott; Cauley, P. Wilson; Eastman, Jason D.; Ilyin, Ilya; Strassmeier, Klaus; Beatty, Thomas (2022-02-01). "KELT-9 as an Eclipsing Double-lined Spectroscopic Binary: A Unique and Self-consistent Solution to the System". The Astronomical Journal 163 (2): 40. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac32c7. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163...40P.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mercier, Samson J. et al. (November 2022). "Revisiting the Iconic Spitzer Phase Curve of 55 Cancri e: Hotter Dayside, Cooler Nightside, and Smaller Phase Offset". The Astronomical Journal 164 (5): 204. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac8f22. Bibcode: 2022AJ....164..204M.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wong, Ian et al. (December 2021). "TOI-2109: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit". The Astronomical Journal 162 (6): 256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac26bd. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..256W.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Šubjak, Ján; Latham, David W.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Brahm, Rafael; Guenther, Eike et al. (August 2024). "BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b): from giant planet to brown dwarf: evidence for deuterium burning in old age?". Astronomy & Astrophysics 688: A120. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349028. ISSN 0004-6361.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lendl, M. et al. (November 2020). "The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189 b seen by CHEOPS". Astronomy & Astrophysics 643: A94. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038677. Bibcode: 2020A&A...643A..94L.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cabot, Samuel H. C. et al. (November 2021). "TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in Its Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal 162 (5): 218. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1ba3. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..218C.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Pass, Emily K. et al. (October 2019). "Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489 (1): 941–950. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2226. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.489..941P.
9. ↑ Barros, S. C. C.; Akinsanmi, B.; Boué, G.; Smith, A. M. S.; Laskar, J.; Ulmer-Moll, S.; Lillo-Box, J.; Queloz, D. et al. (January 2022). "Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at 3 σ with CHEOPS". Astronomy & Astrophysics 657: A52. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142196. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2022A&A...657A..52B. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142196.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mancini, L. et al. (January 2022). "The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: dynamical evolution and atmospheric properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (1): 1447–1464. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2691. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.509.1447M.
11. ↑ Owens, Niall et al. (May 2021). "Phase curve and variability analysis of WASP-12b using TESS photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 503 (1): L38–L46. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab014. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.503L..38O.
12. ↑ Collins, Karen A; Kielkopf, John F; Stassun, Keivan G (2017). "Transit Timing Variation Measurements of WASP-12b and Qatar-1b: No Evidence for Additional Planets". The Astronomical Journal 153 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/78. Bibcode: 2017AJ....153...78C.
13. ↑ Hubble Finds a Star Eating a Planet nasa.gov. 2010-05-20. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.
14. ↑ waspplanets (2019-11-26). "The orbit of WASP-12b is decaying" (in en). https://wasp-planets.net/2019/11/26/the-orbit-of-wasp-12b-is-decaying/.
15. ↑ Wong, Ian; Shporer, Avi; Vissapragada, Shreyas; Greklek-McKeon, Michael; Knutson, Heather A.; Winn, Joshua N.; Benneke, Björn (20 January 2022). "TESS Revisits WASP-12: Updated Orbital Decay Rate and Constraints on Atmospheric Variability". The Astronomical Journal 163 (4): 175. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5680. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..175W.
16. ↑ von Essen, C.; Mallonn, M.; Borre, C. C.; Antoci, V.; Stassun, K. G.; Khalafinejad, S.; Tautvaivsiene, G. (2020). "TESS unveils the phase curve of WASP-33b. Characterization of the planetary atmosphere and the pulsations from the star". Astronomy & Astrophysics A34: 639. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037905. Bibcode: 2020A&A...639A..34V.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Hooton, M. J. et al. (February 2022). "Spi-OPS: Spitzer and CHEOPS confirm the near-polar orbit of MASCARA-1 b and reveal a hint of dayside reflection". Astronomy & Astrophysics 658: A75. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141645. Bibcode: 2022A&A...658A..75H.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 "Planetary Systems". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Martin, Pierre-Yves (1995). "Catalogue of Exoplanets" (in en). Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/all_fields/. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals". CNET. April 27, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-uncover-a-hellish-planet-so-hot-it-could-vaporize-most-metals/. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
21. ↑ "WASP 76b – A World with Iron Rain". March 17, 2020. https://cosmoquest.org/x/2020/03/wasp-76b-a-world-with-iron-rain/.
22. ↑ Saha, Suman (August 2023). "Precise Transit Photometry Using TESS: Updated Physical Properties for 28 Exoplanets around Bright Stars" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 268 (1): 2. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acdb6b. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2023ApJS..268....2S.
23. ↑ European Space Agency (April 5, 2024). "Astronomers detect potential 'glory effect' on a hellish distant world for the first time". https://phys.org/news/2024-04-astronomers-potential-glory-effect-hellish.html.
24. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (19 April 2024). "Scientists spot 'glory effect' on a world beyond our solar system for the first time". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/19/world/rainbow-glory-exoplanet-scn/index.html.
25. ↑ Wong, Ian; Knutson, Heather A.; Kataria, Tiffany; Lewis, Nikole K.; Burrows, Adam; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Schwartz, Joel; Shporer, Avi et al. (2016-06-01). "3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer Phase Curves of the Highly Irradiated Hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b". The Astrophysical Journal 823 (2): 122. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/122. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...823..122W.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Bonomo, A. S.; Desidera, S.; Benatti, S.; Borsa, F.; Crespi, S.; Damasso, M.; Lanza, A. F.; Sozzetti, A. et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 602: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629882. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A.107B.
27. ↑ Giacalone, Steven (2022). "Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets". The Astronomical Journal 163 (2): 99. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac4334. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163...99G.
28. ↑ Esteves, Lisa J.; Mooij, Ernst J. W. De; Jayawardhana, Ray (2015). "Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres Of Kepler planets with High-Precision Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 804 (2). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804..150E.
29. ↑ Borucki, William J. et al. (2011). "Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the First Four Months of Data". The Astrophysical Journal 736 (1). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...736...19B.
30. ↑ Esteves, Lisa J.; De Mooij, Ernst J. W.; Jayawardhana, Ray (2015-05-12). "Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres of Kepler Planets with High-Precision Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 804 (2): 150. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804..150E.
31. ↑ Brinkman, Casey L.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Huber, Daniel; Lee, Rena A.; Kolecki, Jared; Tenn, Gwyneth; Zhang, Jingwen; Narayanan, Suchitra et al. (2024-09-30). "The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to be Earth-Like". The Astronomical Journal 170 (2): 109. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ade677. Bibcode: 2025AJ....170..109B.
32. ↑ Daemgen, S.; Hormuth, F.; Brandner, W.; Bergfors, C.; Janson, M.; Hippler, S.; Henning, Th (May 2009). "Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 498 (2): 567–574. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2009A&A...498..567D.
33. ↑ Stassun, Keivan G.; Collins, Karen A.; Gaudi, B. Scott (2017-03-01). "Accurate Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and Their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes". The Astronomical Journal 153 (3): 136. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5df3. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2017AJ....153..136S.
34. ↑ Mandushev, Georgi; O'Donovan, Francis T.; Charbonneau, David; Torres, Guillermo; Latham, David W.; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Dunham, Edward W.; Sozzetti, Alessandro et al. (2007-10-01). "TrES-4: A Transiting Hot Jupiter of Very Low Density" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 667 (2): L195–L198. doi:10.1086/522115. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...667L.195M. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/522115.
35. ↑ Johns, Daniel; Marti, Connor; Huff, Madison; McCann, Jacob; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Horner, Jonathan; Wright, Duncan J. (2018-11-01). "Revised Exoplanet Radii and Habitability Using Gaia Data Release 2". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 239 (1): 14. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aae5fb. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2018ApJS..239...14J.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Barros, S. C. C.; Almenara, J. M.; Deleuil, M.; Diaz, R. F.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Cabrera, J.; Chaintreuil, S.; Collier Cameron, A. et al. (2014-09-01). "Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level". Astronomy and Astrophysics 569: A74. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423939. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2014A&A...569A..74B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...569A..74B.
37. ↑ Piskorz, Danielle; Benneke, Björn; Crockett, Nathan R.; Lockwood, Alexandra C.; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Barman, Travis S.; Bender, Chad F.; Carr, John S. et al. (2017-08-01). "Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b". The Astronomical Journal 154 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7dd8. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154...78P.
38. ↑ Harrington, J.; Hansen, B.; Luszcz, S.; Seager, S.; Deming, D.; Menou, K.; Cho, J.; Richardson, L. J. (2006-10-27). "The phase-dependent Infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b". Science 314 (5799): 623–626. doi:10.1126/science.1133904. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17038587. Bibcode: 2006Sci...314..623H.
39. ↑ Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Smalley, B.; Hebb, L.; Cameron, A. Collier; Maxted, P. F. L. et al. (2010-01-20). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit". The Astrophysical Journal 709 (1): 159–167. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...709..159A.
40. ↑ Zellem, Robert T.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Knutson, Heather A.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Showman, Adam P.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Agol, Eric et al. (2014-07-02). "The 4.5 μm full-orbit phase curve of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b". The Astrophysical Journal 790 (1): 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/53. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...790...53Z.
41. ↑ "NASA's Spitzer First To Crack Open Light of Faraway Worlds". http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2007-04/release.shtml.
42. ↑ Richardson, L. Jeremy et al. (2007). "A spectrum of an extrasolar planet". Nature 445 (7130): 892–895. doi:10.1038/nature05636. PMID 17314975. Bibcode: 2007Natur.445..892R.
43. ↑ Rincon, Paul (23 June 2010). "'Superstorm' rages on exoplanet". BBC News London. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science_and_environment/10393633.stm.
44. ↑ Kislyakova, K. G.; Holmstrom, M.; Lammer, H.; Odert, P.; Khodachenko, M. L. (2014). "Magnetic moment and plasma environment of HD 209458b as determined from Ly observations". Science 346 (6212): 981–4. doi:10.1126/science.1257829. PMID 25414310. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346..981K.
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Öztürk, Oǧuz; Erdem, Ahmet (2019-06-01). "New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486 (2): 2290–2307. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz747. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.486.2290O.
46. ↑ Martins, J. H. C; Santos, N. C; Figueira, P; Faria, J. P; Montalto, M; Boisse, I; Ehrenreich, D; Lovis, C et al. (2015). "Evidence for a spectroscopic direct detection of reflected light from 51 Pegasi b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 576: A134. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425298. Bibcode: 2015A&A...576A.134M.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Bonomo, A. S.; Dumusque, X.; Massa, A.; Mortier, A.; Bongiolatti, R.; Malavolta, L.; Sozzetti, A.; Buchhave, L. A. et al. (2023-09-01). "Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems". Astronomy and Astrophysics 677: A33. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346211. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...677A..33B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...677A..33B.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Planet Compare". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planet-compare.
49. ↑ Lachapelle, François-René et al. (March 2015). "Characterization of Low-mass, Wide-separation Substellar Companions to Stars in Upper Scorpius: Near-infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal 802 (1): 61. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/61. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...802...61L.
50. ↑ Petrus, S.; Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Babusiaux, C.; Delorme, P.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Florent, N.; Bayo, A. et al. (January 2020). "A new take on the low-mass brown dwarf companions on wide orbits in Upper-Scorpius". Astronomy & Astrophysics 633: A124. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935732. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...633A.124P. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935732.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Neuhäuser, R. et al. (June 2008). "Astrometric and photometric monitoring of GQ Lupi and its sub-stellar companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics 484 (1): 281–291. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078493. Bibcode: 2008A&A...484..281N.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Schmidt, T. O. B. et al. (November 2008). "Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Chamaeleontis". Astronomy and Astrophysics 491 (1): 311–320. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078840. Bibcode: 2008A&A...491..311S.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Rojo, P.; Allard, F.; Pinte, C.; Dumas, C.; Homeier, D. (February 2014). "A library of near-infrared integral field spectra of young M–L dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics 562: A127. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118270. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2014A&A...562A.127B. http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118270.
54. ↑ Chilcote, Jeffrey; Pueyo, Laurent; Rosa, Robert J. De; Vargas, Jeffrey; Macintosh, Bruce; Bailey, Vanessa P.; Barman, Travis; Bauman, Brian et al. (2017-03-28). "1–2.4μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant PlanetβPictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager". The Astronomical Journal 153 (4): 182. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa63e9. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2017AJ....153..182C.
55. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Clement, Matthew S.; Tinney, C. G.; Cui, Kaiming; Aizawa, Masataka; Jones, Hugh R. A. et al. (2022-09-01). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (1): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F.
56. ↑ "Length of Exoplanet Day Measured for First Time / VLT measures the spin of Beta Pictoris b". April 30, 2014. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1414/.
57. ↑ Landman, R. et al. (February 2024). "β Pictoris b through the eyes of the upgraded CRIRES+. Atmospheric composition, spin rotation, and radial velocity". Astronomy & Astrophysics 682: A48. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347846. Bibcode: 2024A&A...682A..48L.
58. ↑ Iskandarli, Leyla et al. (October 2024). "Novel Constraints on Companions to the Helix Nebula Central Star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (4): 3498–3505. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2286. Bibcode: 2024MNRAS.534.3498I.
59. ↑ Hurt, Spencer A.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Latham, David W.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Calkins, Michael L.; Berlind, Perry; Angus, Ruth et al. (2021-04-01). "A decade of radial-velocity monitoring of Vega and new limits on the presence of planets". The Astronomical Journal 161 (4): 157. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abdec8. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..157H.

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Exoplanetology

* Planet
* Definition
* IAU
* Planetary science

Main topics|

* Exoplanet
* Methods of detecting exoplanets
* Planetary system

Sizes
and types|

| Terrestrial|

* Carbon planet
* Coreless planet
* Desert planet
* Dwarf planet
* Ice planet
* Iron planet
* Lava planet
* Mega-Earth
* Ocean planet
* Sub-Earth
* Super-Earth

|

Gaseous|

* Eccentric Jupiter
* Gas dwarf
* Helium planet
* Hot Jupiter
* Hot Neptune
* Ice giant
* Mini-Neptune
* Super-Neptune
* Super-Jupiter

Other types|

* Brown dwarf
* Chthonian planet
* Circumbinary planet
* Disrupted planet
* Double planet
* Eyeball planet
* Mesoplanet
* Planemo
* Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
* Planetesimal
* Protoplanet
* Pulsar planet
* Sub-brown dwarf
* Ultra-cool dwarf
* Ultra-short period planets (USP)

Formation
and evolution|

* Accretion
* Accretion disk
* Asteroid belt
* Circumplanetary disk
* Circumstellar disc
* Circumstellar envelope
* Cosmic dust
* Debris disk
* Detached object
* Disrupted planet
* Excretion disk
* Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
* Exozodiacal dust
* Extraterrestrial materials
* Extraterrestrial sample curation
* Giant-impact hypothesis
* Gravitational collapse
* Hills cloud
* Interplanetary dust cloud
* Interplanetary medium
* Interplanetary space
* Interstellar cloud
* Interstellar dust
* Interstellar medium
* Interstellar space
* Kuiper belt
* List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
* Merging stars
* Molecular cloud
* Nebular hypothesis
* Oort cloud
* Outer space
* Planetary migration
* Planetary system
* Planetesimal
* Planet formation
* Protoplanetary disk
* Ring system
* Rubble pile
* Sample-return mission
* Scattered disc
* Star formation

Systems|

* Exocomet
* Exomoon
* Interstellar comet
* Mean-motion resonances
* Retrograde planet
* Rogue planet
* Tidally detached exomoon
* Titius–Bode laws
* Trojan planet

Host stars|

* A
* B
* Binary star
* Brown dwarfs
* Extragalactic planet
* F/Yellow-white dwarfs
* G/Yellow dwarfs
* Herbig Ae/Be
* K/Orange dwarfs
* M/Red dwarfs
* Planets in globular clusters
* Pulsar
* Red giant
* Subdwarf B
* Subgiant
* T Tauri
* White dwarfs
* Yellow giants

Detection|

* Astrometry
* Direct imaging
* list
* Microlensing
* list
* Polarimetry
* Pulsar timing
* list
* Radial velocity
* list
* Transit method
* list
* Transit-timing variation

Habitability|

* Astrobiology
* Circumstellar habitable zone
* Earth analog
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Superhabitable planet

Catalogues|

* Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
* Exoplanet Data Explorer
* Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
* NASA Exoplanet Archive
* NASA Star and Exoplanet Database

Lists|

* Exoplanetary systems
* Host stars
* Multiplanetary systems
* Stars with proplyds
* Exoplanets
* Lists of exoplanets
* Discoveries
* Extremes
* Firsts
* Nearest
* Largest
* Most massive
* Terrestrial candidates
* Kepler
* Potentially habitable
* Discovered exoplanets by year
* before 2000
* 2000–2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

Other|

* Carl Sagan Institute
* Exoplanet phase curves
* Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
* Planets in science fiction
* Sudarsky's gas giant classification

* Discoveries of exoplanets
* Search projects

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