ELAM (Latin American School of Medicine) Cuba

Short description: Medical school in Cuba

Latin American School of Medicine in Cuba

Type| Public, internationalist, medical
Established| 1998
Students| ~10,000
Location|

La Habana

Cuba

[ ⚑ ] 23°03′24″N 82°32′23″W﻿ / ﻿23.056673°N 82.539597°W﻿ / 23.056673; -82.539597
|u}}rs|  Red and green
Website| instituciones.sld.cu/elam/

Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM), formerly Escuela Latinoamericana de Ciencias Médicas (in Spanish; in English: Latin American School of Medicine (LASM), formerly Latin American School of Medical Sciences), is an international public medical school operated by the Cuban government established in 1999 and supported by Venezuela (RBDEV). Its mission is to "contribute to the training of Primary Health Care physician in diverse regions of the World" according to Almaty objectives.[1]

ELAM has been described as possibly being the largest medical school in the world by enrollment, with approximately 19,550 students from 110 countries reported as enrolled in 2013.[2] All those enrolled are international students from 22 different countries[1] and mainly come from Latin America and the Caribbean as well as Africa and Asia. The school accepts students from the United States -- annually the program receives 150 applications on average, of which about 30 actually enroll, and 10 go to Cuba.[3] Tuition, accommodation and board are free, and a small stipend is provided for students.[4][5][6][7][8]

This in order to its many cuban campuses as Jaguey Grande, Machurrucuto, and many more, other campus recognized internationally as it is the one in Guri's Village, Guayana, RBDEV, in an agreement between the Medical Cuban Mission (ELAM) and the Universidad de Oriente (UDO), the ELAM-UDO Guri's Campus joined to the radical cause to implant Almaty's radical cause's objectives among the Territorial Caribean Linguistic Layer in the Guayana.

## Contents

* 1 Campuses
* 2 Mission
* 3 Scholarship
* 4 Admissions
* 5 Curriculum
* 6 History
* 6.1 Establishment
* 6.2 Cooperation with the United States
* 6.3 Cooperation with Pakistan
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Campuses

The main campus of Cuba's ELAM is in western Havana in the Santa Fe district of the municipio of Playa, close to the village of Playa Baracoa. This 1.2 km² campus is built on the site of an old naval academy and overlooks the sea. It consists of 28 buildings with 80 classrooms, 37 laboratories, five amphitheaters, dormitories, an infirmary, and other facilities. The campus facilities were designed to support approximately 3,500 students with those beyond the second year of the medical program being based at other medical schools around Cuba. In December 2006, approximately 3,300 students were reportedly housed on the campus. The US dorm is two stories, students sleep on bunk beds in rooms of five to twenty if the rooms are filled to capacity. The diet in the cafeteria mainly consists of rice, beans, and bread, with the main course varied from ground soy, rice mixed with shredded chicken or pork referred to as arroz con suerte, ham, liver, to chicken or pork. All meals and housing are provided by the school. They also provide uniforms, and monthly supplies, as well as a modest allowance each month.[8][9][10]

In 2005, it was announced that the Francophone Caribbean School of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba -- a second key campus -- had been incorporated into ELAM.[11][12] All US students continue years 3 to 6 at Salvador Allende Hospital in Havana, Cuba.

In Venezuela's territory the students resided mustly on their own, regarding nationals, and the hospitality is mustly showed to foreigners students from in way to develop countries as in ELAM-UDO (West Guri) that was first thinked as a residential complex and now has fullfilled the requeriments of an educational and caregiver institution open to the surrounding communities as well.

## Mission

The mission of ELAM is to make competent and cooperative doctors with the degree of MD (doctor of medicine), the same degree which is offered to medical graduates all over the Americas. The Latin American School of Medicine is officially recognized by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and the World Health Organization. It is fully accredited by the Medical Board of California[1] -- which means that qualified US graduates of the Latin American School of Medicine are eligible to apply for residency placements in any state of the US.[citation needed]

The school prefers that its students come from the poorest communities with the intent of returning to practice in those areas in their countries. Initially only enrolling students from Latin America and the Caribbean, the school has become open to applicants from impoverished and/or medically underserved areas in the United States and Africa. As part of Cuban international cooperation, ELAM is also training 800 medical doctors from Timor-Leste.[13]

Preference is given to applicants who are financially needy and/or people of color who show the most commitment to working in their poor communities.[6][7][10][14]

Final admissions decisions are made by a committee representing ELAM's faculty and the Cuban Ministry of Public Health.[8]

In change the Venezuelan process starts contacting the Popular Consult in the poor villages and towns of the country, and all the process is taken locally in non conventional avangardist creative methods based in to learn making it. When a national choose to study or work abroad once was graduated, the SAIME gives provisional passports and venezuelan Air Forces privated contractors take the voyagers to destiny (cuban embassy unaware), then an interministerial national team in Cuba take charge of all the formative process.

## Scholarship

The aforementioned scholarship includes full tuition, dormitory housing, three meals per day at the campus cafeteria, textbooks in Spanish for all courses, school uniform, basic toiletries, bedding, and a small monthly stipend of 100 Cuban pesos ($4). The scholarship does not include travel expenses to and from school which is not necessary in the first three out of six years as all classes during those years are walking distance from the dorms. The scholarship also does not include travel to and from Cuba.

## Admissions

The Cuban government offers new students annual entry to the Latin American Medical School. The application is processed through the accredited Cuban diplomatic missions in the student's home country. It is necessary to contact the Cuban Embassy or Cuban Interests Section to request accurate information. The application process has been designed especially for young people from economically disadvantaged families who meet the following requirements:[15]

* High school diploma
* High school transcripts

One of these two documents should come with the stamp of the Ministry of Education from your country, or International Relations Department from your country, or embassy or the Cuban interests office in your country.

* Birth certificate
* Certificate of Health including HIV test and pregnancy test.
* Age not exceeding 25 years at the time of enrollment.
* Be physically and mentally fit to pursue medical studies.
* Criminal Records.
* Scholarship application form
* Five photos 3cmx3cm (International Relations); six photos 2cmx2cm (Registrar's Office)
* Documents for registration required for filing at the Registrar's Office

To be considered for the US scholarship program, applicants must be US citizens (with a US passport), between the ages of 18 and 25, with proficiency in college-level sciences, and a commitment to practice medicine in low-income and medically underserved communities in the US after graduation.

Its good to remember that during the genesis of the OELA (Latin American State's Organisation) integrated by ALBA, SUCRE and CELAC cooperation mechanisms was seriously avoided every trace of burocracy at least in presence of Venezuela as a political actor, and was common the reception of students without documentation and the acreditation of experience , for example for internationalist brigadists on the duty field surgeons.

## Curriculum

* For a detailed English language ELAM curriculum plan, see the external links.

The curriculum includes 6 years medical studies.[1] ELAM's pedagogical philosophy centers on intensive tutoring and advising.[citation needed] All courses are taught in Spanish.[citation needed]

The pre-medical program includes courses in health sciences, chemistry, biology, math, physics as well as a 12-week intensive course in the Spanish language. The medical program begins every September and is divided into 12 semesters. Students study at the ELAM campus for the first two years before completing their studies at one of Cuba's 21 other medical schools, including a one-year rotating internship. The Cuban medical training model emphasizes primary healthcare, community medicine and hands-on internship experiences.[citation needed]

Students are required to pass examinations at appropriate points during their course of study. For US students, this includes the United States Medical Licensing Examination.[10]

## History

### Establishment

The Cuban government claims that ELAM was first conceived -- from an idea by President Fidel Castro himself[16] -- as part of Cuba's humanitarian and development aid response (known as the "Integral Health Plan for Central America and the Caribbean"[17]) to the devastation caused by Hurricane Georges and Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which affected several countries in Central America and the Caribbean, including Cuba. In all more than 11,000 people died in the resulting floods and mudslides.[2] In response 500 full medical scholarships per year for the next decade were offered by the Cuban government to students from four countries -- the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua -- seriously affected by the hurricanes.

Upon arriving in the mostly rural areas, the Cuban doctors discovered that many people suffered chronic, long-term illnesses. Instead of broken bones, they were treating river blindness and stunted growth. In places like the Mosquito Coast of Honduras, the Cubans were the first doctors the patients had ever seen. In support of this plan, ELAM was opened in March 1999 and started its full medical program in September 1999 with approximately 1,900 student in its initial classes. On November 15, 1999, ELAM was officially inaugurated as Havana hosted the 9th Ibero-American Summit (at this time, ELAM had 1,929 students from 18 countries).[8][18][19]

The first class of 1,498 ELAM doctors graduated on August 20, 2005, with 112 from other Cuban medical schools: 28 other countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States were represented by the graduates. The ceremony was led by Castro and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. Reportedly attending were Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer of Antigua & Barbuda, Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit of Dominica, Prime Minister Keith Mitchell of Grenada, President Martín Torrijos of Panama, Prime Minister Denzil Douglas of St. Kitts & Nevis and Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves of St. Vincent & the Grenadines as well as high-ranking government representatives of The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.[11][12]

### Cooperation with the United States

In June 2000, a US Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) delegation visited Cuba to meet with Castro. Representative Bennie Thompson (D-Miss.) mentioned to Castro that his district had a shortage of doctors; he responded by offering full scholarships for US nationals from Mississippi at ELAM. Later that same June, in a Washington, D.C. meeting with the CBC, the Cuban Minister of Public Health expanded the offer to all districts represented by the CBC. At a September 2000 speech event at Riverside Church, New York City , Castro publicly announced a further expanded offer which was reported as allowing several hundred places at ELAM for medical students from low-income communities from any part of the US. Reports of the size of this offer varied in the US press: 250 or 500 places were suggested with perhaps half reserved for African-Americans and half for Hispanics and Native Americans. The ELAM offer to US students was classified as a "cultural exchange" program by the US State Department to avoid the restrictions of the U.S. embargo against Cuba. The first intake of US students into ELAM occurred in spring 2001, with 10 enrolling in the pre-medical program.[7][18][20][21]

In 2004, the legality of the presence of US students at ELAM was threatened by tightened restrictions against travel to Cuba by US nationals under the administration of President George W. Bush. A CBC campaign led by Representatives Barbara Lee (D-California ) and Charles Rangel (D-NY) with 27 other members of Congress persuaded Secretary of State Colin Powell to exempt ELAM from the tightened restrictions.[6]

Applications from US citizens had been administered through the New York City-based Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization (IFCO), formerly headed by human rights activist and critic of the U.S. embargo of Cuba, the late Rev. Lucius Walker Jr.[21]

### Cooperation with Pakistan

The 2005 Pakistan earthquake (also known as the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the South Asian earthquake or the Great Pakistan earthquake) was a major earthquake centered in Kashmir and in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) near the city of Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. In the international response to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake many countries, international organizations and non-governmental organizations offered relief aid to the affected regions.

Cuba offered 1000 scholarships in medicine for Pakistan i students. The project was handed over to Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, which selected the students from all over the country. The first batch of approximately 312 students arrived Cuba in February 2007 and the second batch joined them the following year. In accordance with the ELAM's rules, the students received a one-year language course in Spanish which included a premedical certificate. After the completion of the Spanish language course, all the students were moved to the different campuses of ELAM situated in other provinces, where these students are studying with other students from 50 countries and will receive an MD degree after completion of their 6 years medical studies, that includes one year of internship at affiliated hospitals. The first batch of 298 Pakistani students has been graduated and returned to Pakistan and the second batch of more than 600 students is expected to graduate in February 2015.

## See also

* Dare to Dream -- a 2017 documentary film directed by Jennifer Wager on The Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization administered ELAM medical scholarship program for U.S. students.
* Community Doctors -- a 2016 documentary film directed by Kunle Ekunkonye on ELAM's medical scholarship program for U.S. students.
* ¡Salud! -- a 2006 documentary film directed by Connie Field on Cuban international medical outreach. ELAM is one of the primary subjects.
* 1998 Atlantic hurricane season
* List of medical schools in the Caribbean

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 https://www.mbc.ca.gov/About_Us/Meetings/Materials/1706/brd-AgendaItem7C-20080725.pdf [bare URL PDF]
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Porter, Catherine (2 June 2012). "Cuba-trained doctors making difference around the world". https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2012/06/02/cubatrained_doctors_making_difference_around_the_world.html.
3. ↑ https://www.nmanet.org/news/407131/Who-are-the-Americans-who-are-going-to-study-medicine-in-Cuba.htm
4. ↑ ¡Salud! - Synopsis , ¡Salud! documentary website; accessed Feb. 2, 2006
5. ↑ "Dr Diplomat", The Economist magazine, Jan. 25 2007
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Affirmative Action, Cuban Style ", Fitzhugh Mullan, The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 351, No. 26, Dec. 23 2004
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Cuba spreads medical care as political tool", DeWayne Wickham, USA Today, Jan. 30 2001
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Path to becoming a doctor via the third world", Paul Nussbaum, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Dec. 3 2006
9. ↑ Key Address by Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, President of the Republic of Cuba, at the Inauguration of the Latin American School of Medicine, Havana, November 15 1999, Cuba.cu (Cuban Government); accessed Feb. 8 2007
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 LASM Medical School Scholarship Program Brochure , IFCO website, accessed Feb. 2 2007
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Where There Were No Doctors: First MDs Graduate from Latin American Medical School", Gail A. Reed, MEDICC Review Vol. VII No. 8, Aug./Sept. 2005; accessed Feb. 4 2007
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "First Graduation of the Latin American School of Medicine/Ceremony attended by heads of state and government ", Mireya Castaneda, Digital Granma Internacional, Aug. 23 2005; accessed Feb. 5 2007
13. ↑ http://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeesocmed/v_3a96_3ay_3a2013_3ai_3ac_3ap_3a285-289.htm Scaling-up the medical workforce in Timor-Leste: Challenges of a great leap forward J. Cabral, G. Dussault, J. Buchan & P. Ferrinho (2013) Social Science & Medicine, vol. 96, issue C, pages 285-289
14. ↑ "Castro Makes a Dream Offer: Plan for free medical education greeted by some with skepticism", Ellen Yan, Newsday, Feb. 28 2001
15. ↑ How to Apply ELAM
16. ↑ "Havana Journal; Hippocrates Meets Fidel, and Even U.S. Students Enroll", Marc Lacey, The New York Times, Dec. 8, 2006
17. ↑ Cuban Embassies official website , Cuban Ministry of External Relations; accessed Feb. 5 2007
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Medical School Scholarship Program FAQ , IFCO website, accessed Feb. 2 2007
19. ↑ "Castro's Guests Give Dissidents a Hearing", Serge F. Kovaleski, The Washington Post, Nov. 17 1999
20. ↑ "Summit in New York: The Cuban Leader; Friendly Crowd Provides Castro With a Soapbox", Edward Wong and Chris Hedges, The New York Times, Sept. 9, 2000
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "8 Americans in Havana Are Med Students With a Mission", Mark Fineman, Los Angeles Times , May 1, 2001

## External links

* ELAM (Cuba) official website (in Spanish)
* ELAM US Alumni Association[|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
* IFCO Medical Scholarship Program for ELAM (Cuba) website

\- ELAM (Cuba) curriculum

* Latin American School of Medicine A. P. Réverénd (Venezuela) (in Spanish)
* A Student Perspective on ELAM and its Educational Program

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