List of spacecraft with electric propulsion

Short description: none

| The factual accuracy of this engineering may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please update this engineering to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2020)

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In chronological order, this is a partial list spacecrafts that are equipped with electric space propulsion. This includes both cruise engines and/or thrusters for altitude and orbit control. It is not specified whether the given engine is the sole means of propulsion or whether other types of engine are also used on a spacecraft. The list does not claim to be comprehensive.

## Contents

* 1 Chronological overview
* 2 Planned missions
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Chronological overview

Spacecraft with electric propulsion  Spacecraft name  | Launch date  | End of life  | Thruster type  | No.  | Model  | Propellant  | Spacecraft customer  | Thruster prime  | Comment

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Program 661A Flight A | 18-12-1962 | 18-12-1962 | Ion engine | 1 |  | Cesium |  | USAF |  | EOS (Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.) | Suborbital, no operation of on-board ion engine
Kosmos 21 | 11-11-1963 | 11-11-1963 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  |  |  | Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 | Launch failure
Zond 1 | 2-4-1964 | 14-5-1964 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  |  |  | Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 | The experimental ion thruster-based attitude control system were tested but found to operate erratically, possibly due to the loss of pressure in the electronics compartment.
SERT 1 | 20-07-1964 | 20-07-1964 | Ion engine | 1
1 |  | Mercury
Cesium |  | NASA |  | NASA
Hughes | Space Electric Rocket Test, suborbital (31 min), the first demonstration of an ion engine in space - only the mercury engine by NASA was operated
Program 661A Flight B | 29-08-1964 | 29-08-1964 | Ion engine | 1 |  | Cesium |  | USAF |  | EOS | Suborbital, experimental test (19 min operation)
Zond 2 | 30-11-1964 | 14-05-1965 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  |  |  | Kurchatov Institute/OKB-1 | Is widely regarded as the first application of electric propulsion systems in space (70 min of PPT operation)
Program 661A Flight C | 21-12-1964 | 21-12-1964 | Ion engine | 1 |  | Cesium |  | USAF |  | EOS | Suborbital, experimental test (4 min operation)
Snapshot | 03-04-1965 |  | Ion engine | 1 |  | Cesium |  | USAF/Army |  | EOS | Experimental 1 hour operation, SNAP-10A nuclear reactor
Zond 3 | 18-07-1965 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  |  |  |  | Operation of thruster failed
Yantar-1 | 13-10-1966 | 13-10-1966 | Ion engine |  |  | Argon |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
Yantar-2 | 1968 | 1968 | Ion engine |  |  | Nitrogen |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
ATS-4 | 10-08-1968 |  | Ion engine | 2 |  | Cesium |  | USAF/NASA |  | EOS | Experimental 10 hours operation, Satellite Technology Applications
LES-6 | 26-09-1968 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 |  | PTFE |  | USAF |  | MIT Lincoln Lab. | Lincoln Experimental Satellite
Yantar-3 | 1969 | 1969 | Ion engine |  |  | Air |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
ATS-5 | 12-08-1969 |  | Ion engine | 2 |  | Cesium |  | USAF/NASA |  | EOS | Experimental
SERT 2 | 03-02-1970 |  | Ion engine | 2 |  | Mercury |  | NASA |  | NASA/Westinghouse | (Experimental), worked until 1981 (3781 hours)
Yantar-4 | 1971 | 1971 | Ion engine |  |  | Air |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
Meteor 1-10 | 29-12-1971 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-60 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
L-4SC-3 | 20-08-1974 | 20-08-1974 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  | ISAS |  |  | Experimental, ballistic launch. Launch failure.
ATS-6 | 30-05-1974 |  | Ion engine | 2 |  | Cesium |  | NASA |  | EOS | Experimental 92 hours operation
Meteor-Priroda 1 (Meteor 1-18) | 09-07-1974 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-60 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
Kren-1 (Kosmos-728) | 18-4-1975 | 18-4-1975 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Potassium |  |  |  | NIITP | Ballistic flight
TIP-2 | 12-10-1975 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 2 | TSPPS | PTFE |  | US Navy |  | Republic Aviation | Transit Improvement Program (Triad / NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Kren-2 (Kosmos-780) | 21-11-1975 | 21-11-1975 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Potassium |  |  |  | NIITP | Ballistic flight
Meteor-Priroda 2-1 (Meteor 1-25) | 15-05-1976 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-60 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
TIP-3 | 01-09-1976 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 2 | TSPPS | PTFE |  | US Navy |  | Republic Aviation | Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-2 (Meteor 1-28) | 29-06-1977 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-50 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
Kust-1 | 7-12-1977 | 7-12-1977 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Air |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight, Russian acronym of Kubarev, thruster, jet
Kust-2 | 30-11-1978 | 30-11-1978 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Air |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
Astrofizika (Kosmos 1066) | 23-12-1978 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-50 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
Kust-3 | 21-1-1979 | 21-1-1979 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Air |  |  |  |  | Ballistic flight
SCATHA (P78-2) | 30-01-1979 |  | Ion source | 1 |  | Xenon |  | USAF/NASA |  | Hughes | Satellite Positive Ion Beam System (SPIBS), No engine in the strict sense
Intelsat-5 F-2 | 06-12-1980 |  | Resistojet |  |  | Hydrazine |  | ITSO/Inmarsat |  |  | Communications satellite, and 1984, eight satellites
MS-T4 (Tansei 4) | 17-02-1980 | 13-05-1983 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  |  | Ammonia |  | ISAS |  |  | Experimental, thruster for spin-up
ETS-4 (Kiku 3) | 11-02-1981 | 24-12-1984 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  | NASDA |  | AIST | Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Nova-1 | 14-05-1981 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster |  | TSPPS | PTFE |  | US Navy |  |  | Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Meteor-Priroda 2-4 (Meteor 1-31) | 10-07-1981 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-50 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control
MDT-2A | 07-12-1981 | 07-12-1981 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  |  |  | SSTC Academia Sinica | Ballistic Missile
Potok 1/Geizer 1 (Kosmos 1366) | 17-5-1982 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
ETS-3 (Kiku 4) | 3-09-1982 | 8-3-1985 | Ion engine | 2 |  | Mercury |  | NASDA |  | MELCO | Engineering Test Satellite (experimental)
Potok 2/Geizer 2 (Kosmos 1540) | 2-3-1984 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Nova-3 | 12-10-1984 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster |  | TSPPS | PTFE |  | US Navy |  |  | Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Luch #1 (Kosmos 1700) | 25-10-1985 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Potok 3/Geizer 3 (Kosmos 1738) | 4-4-1986 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Plazma-A #1 (Kosmos 1818) | 1-2-1987 |  | Hall effect thruster | 6 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Plazma-A #2 (Kosmos 1867) | 10-7-1987 |  | Hall effect thruster | 6 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Orbit control, Topaz-1 nuclear reactor
Start-1 | 7-8-1987 |  | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  | AMPDT | Air |  |  |  |  | Autonomous MPD Thruster
Start-2 | 9-9-1987 |  | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster |  | AMPDT | Argon |  |  |  |  | Autonomous MPD Thruster
Potok 4/Geizer 5 (Kosmos 1888) | 1-10-1987 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Luch #2 (Kosmos 1897) | 26-11-1987 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Nova-2 | 16-06-1988 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster |  | TSPPS | PTFE |  | US Navy |  |  | Transit Improvement Program (Triad/NOVA), Teflon Solid Propellant Propulsion System
Potok 5/Geizer 6 (Kosmos 1961) | 1-8-1988 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Luch #3 (Kosmos 2054) | 27-12-1989 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Potok 6/Geizer 7 (Kosmos 2085) | 18-7-1990 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Potok 7/Geizer 8 (Kosmos 2172) | 22-11-1991 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
EURECA | 02-08-1992 | 01-07-1993 | Ion engine |  | RIT-10 (RITA) | Xenon |  | ESA |  | MBB | 240 hours operation
Telstar 401 | 16-12-1993 | 11-01-1997 | Arcjet |  | MR-508 | Hydrazine |  | AT&T |  | Rocket Research Co. | Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Gals-1 | 20-01-1994 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Communication Satellite
ETS-6 (Kiku 6) | 28-08-1994 | 09-07-1996 | Ion engine |  | XIES | Xenon |  | NASDA |  | Mitsubishi Electric | Experimental, Xenon Ion Engine System
Telstar 402 | 09-09-1994 | 09-09-1994 | Arcjet |  | MR-508 | Hydrazine |  | AT&T |  | Rocket Research Co. | Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000), exploded shortly after launch
Potok 8/Geizer 9 (Kosmos 2291) | 21-9-1994 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Ekspress 1 | 13-10-1994 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Luch 4 | 16-12-1994 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Space Flyer Unit (SFU) | 18-03-1995 | 13-01-1996 | Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster | 1 | EPEX | Hydrazine |  | ISAS/NASDA |  | ISAS | Electric Propulsion Experiment, 43395 pulses of operation
Potok 9/Geizer 10 (Kosmos 2319) | 30-8-1995 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Telstar 402R (Telstar 4) | 24-09-1995 | 2003-09 | Arcjet |  | MR-508 | Hydrazine |  | AT&T |  | Rocket Research Co. | Communication satellite (Lockheed Martin AS-7000)
Luch2-1 | 11-10-1995 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
Gals-2 | 17-11-1995 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel | Communication Satellite
Ekspress 2 | 26-9-1996 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
A2100 | 1997 |  | Arcjet |  | MR-510 |  |  | Lockheed/Aerojet |  |  | Communication Satellite
PAS 5 (now: Intelsat 5) | 28-08-1997 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on HS-601HP (first commercial satellite with XIPS)
Kupon-1 | 12-11-1997 | 1998-3 | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | Bank of Russia |  | OKB Fakel | Communication Satellite
Galaxy 8i | 08-12-1997 | 2004 | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2A | 30-08-1998 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | SES |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
STEX (NROL-8) | 03-10-1998 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | TAL-D55 | Xenon |  | NRO |  | TsNIIMash | EPDM (Electric Propulsion Demonstration Module)
Deep Space 1 | 24-10-1998 | 2001 | Ion engine | 1 | NSTAR | Xenon |  | NASA |  | NASA |
Satmex 5 (now: Eutelsat 115 West A) | 05-12-1998 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | Satmex |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; propulsion failed on 27-1-2010
PAS 6B (now: Intelsat 6B) | 21-12-1998 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
ARGOS (P91-1) | 23-02-1999 | 31-07-2003 | Arcjet |  | ESEX | Ammonia |  | USAF |  | Rocket Research Co. | Experimental military satellite, Electric Propulsion Space Experiment
Orion 3 | 5-05-1999 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | Orion Network Systems |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; injected into wrong orbit
Astra 1H | 18-06-1999 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | SES |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Yamal 101 | 06-09-1999 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite
Yamal 102 | 06-09-1999 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite
DirecTV 1R | 10-10-1999 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS | Xenon |  | DirecTV |  | Hughes-EDD | Communications satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1 | 27-10-1999 | 27-10-1999 | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel | Communication satellite, satellite lost during launch
Galaxy 10R | 25-01-2000 | 2009 | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; reduced mission time due to malfunction in XIPS
Ekspress-A 2 | 12-3-2000 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel | Communication satellite
SESAT 1 (now: Eutelsat 16C) | 17-04-2000 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Eutelsat |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite, Ekspress satellite bus by NPO PM
Galaxy 4R | 19-04-2000 | 2006 | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP; XIPS failed by 2003
Ekspress-A 3 | 24-6-2000 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel | Communication satellite
Potok 10/Geizer 12 (Kosmos 2371) | 4-7-2000 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  |  |  | OKB Fakel |
MightySat II.1 | 19-07-2000 | 12-11-2002 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  | AFRL |  | USAF/NASA/Olin Aerospace Co. | Experimental satellite
PAS 9 (now: Intelsat 9) | 28-07-2000 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Hughes-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
AMSAT-Phase 3-D (OSCAR-40) | 16-11-2000 | 2004 | Arcjet |  | ATOS | Ammonia |  | AMSAT |  | University of Stuttgart, IRS | Arcjet Thruster on OSCAR Satellite, operated in cold gas mode
EO-1 | 21-11-2000 | 30-03-2017 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  | NASA |  | Primex Aerospace | Earth Observing-1, technology demonstrator
PAS 10 (now: Intelsat 10) | 15-05-2001 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat |  | Boeing-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes HS-601HP
Astra 2C | 16-06-2001 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | SES |  | Boeing-EDD | Satellite bus based on Hughes 601HP
Artemis | 12-07-2001 | November 2017 | Ion engine | 4 | RIT-10 (RITA) and UK-10(T5) | Xenon |  | ESA |  | Astrium | Advanced Relay Technology Mission ESA Artemis satellite using 4 ion engines (2 RIT and 2 UK-10) has paved the way for the use of electric propulsion in telecommunication spacecraft.[1]
DirecTV 4S | 27-11-2001 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS | Xenon |  | DirecTV |  | Boeing-EDD | Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Ekspress-A 1R (Ekspress-A 4) | 10-6-2002 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100(?), KM-5[2] | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel(?), Keldysh | Communication satellite
AsiaSat 4 | 11-04-2003 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS | Xenon |  | AsiaSat |  | Boeing-EDD | Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Hayabusa | 09-05-2003 | 13-06-2010 | Ion engine | 4 | μ10 | Xenon |  | JAXA |  | JAXA/ISAS |
SMART-1 | 28-09-2003 | 03-09-2006 | Hall effect thruster | 1 | PPS-1350 | Xenon |  | ESA |  | Snecma | Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology
Galaxy 13 / Horizons 1 | 01-10-2003 |  | Ion engine |  | XIPS | Xenon |  | PanAmSat/JSAT |  | Boeing-EDD | Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
Yamal 201 | 24-11-2003 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel |
Yamal 202 | 24-11-2003 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel |
Ekspress-AM 1 | 29-10-2004 | 10-8-2013 | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel |
AMC 12 (Astra 4A / Star One C12 / now: NSS 10) | 03-02-2005 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES Americom |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
Ekspress-AM 2 | 29-3-2005 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel |
Monitor-E | 26-08-2005 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Roskosmos |  | OKB Fakel | Earth observation satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
MBSat 1 (ABS 2i / now: ABS 4 (Mobisat)) | 13-03-2004 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |
| MBCO
Sold to: ABS |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
Ekspress-AM 3 | 29-10-2004 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel |
AMC 23 | 29-12-2005 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES Americom |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus-4000C3
KazSat-1 | 18-06-2005 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | JSC KazSat |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
ION | 26-7-2006 | 26-7-2006 | Vacuum arc thruster | 4 | μVAT | Tungsten |  | UIUC |  | UIUC | Satellite lost during injection phase
MEASAT-3 | 11-12-2006 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS | Xenon |  | MEASAT |  | L-3 ETI | Satellite bus based on Boeing BSS-601HP
TacSat-2 | 16-12-2006 | 05-02-2011 | Hall effect thruster | 1 | BHT-200 | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Busek | Microsatellite Propulsion Integration (MPI) Experiment, military applications
ETS-8 (Kiku 8) | 18-12-2006 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIES | Xenon |  | JAXA |  | Mitsubishi Electric |
FalconSat-3 | 09-03-2007 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 | MPACS | PTFE |  | USAFA |  | Busek | Experimental Satellite, Micro-Propulsion Attitude Control System
Dawn | 27-09-2007 |  | Ion engine | 3 | NSTAR | Xenon |  | NASA |  | NASA |
Telstar 11N | 26-02-2009 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Loral Skynet |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GOCE | 17-03-2009 | 11-11-2013 | Ion engine | 2 | T5 | Xenon |  | ESA |  | QinetiQ |
Sirius FM5 (Radiosat 5) | 30-06-2009 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Sirius Satellite Radio |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
STSAT-2A | 25-08-2009 | 25-08-2009 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  |  |  | KARI |  | KAIST/SaTReC | Satellite lost during injection phase
NSS-12 | 29-10-2009 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES New Skies |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Space Systems/Loral SSL-1300
GSAT-4 (Healthsat) | 15-04-2010 | 15-04-2010 | Hall effect thruster | 2
2 | KM-45
(Unnamed) | Xenon |  | ISRO |  | Keldysh
ISRO | Launcher failed to reach orbit[3][4][5]
STSAT-2B | 10-06-2010 | 10-06-2010 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  |  |  | KARI |  | KAIST/SaTReC | Satellite lost during injection phase
AEHF-SV-1 (USA-214) | 14-08-2010 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | BPT-4000 (XR-5) | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Aerojet | Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100; mission saved by Hall thruster
FalconSat-5 (USA-221) | 20-11-2010 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | BHT-200 | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Busek | Experimental Satellite
KazSat-2 | 16-07-2011 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-70 | Xenon |  | JSC KazSat |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite based on Khrunichev Yachta bus
Fobos-Grunt | 9-11-2011 | 15-1-2012 | Hall effect thruster | 3 | SPT-140 | Xenon |  | Roskosmos |  | OKB Fakel | Failed to reach intended trajectory
SES-4 | 14-02-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES World Skies |  | OKB Fakel |
AEHF-SV-2 (USA-235) | 04-05-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | BPT-4000 (XR-5) | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Aerojet | Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
SES-5 | 09-07-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES World Skies |  | OKB Fakel |
Kanopus-V | 22-07-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | SPT-50 | Xenon |  | Roskosmos |  | OKB Fakel | Earth observation satellite
TET-1 | 22-07-2012 |  | Resistojet | 1 | Aquajet | Water |  | DLR |  | Aerospace Innovation | Experimental
PROITERES | 09-09-2012 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 |  | PTFE |  | OIT |  | OIT | Academic satellite, communication loss before propulsion test
Shijian-9A (SJ-9A) | 14-10-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster
Ion engine |  | HET-40
LIPS-200 | Xenon |  | COSTIND |  | SISP
LIP | Experimental satellite based on CAST-2000
Yamal 402 | 8-12-2012 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Spacebus-4000C3, satellite failed to reach intended orbit
STRaND-1 | 25-02-2013 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  |  |  | SSTL |  | SSTL | 3U Cubesat propulsion demonstration
Alphasat (Inmarsat-4A F4) | 25-07-2013 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | PPS-1350 | Xenon |  | Inmarsat/ESA |  | Snecma | Operational
AEHF-SV-3 (USA-246) | 18-09-2013 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | BPT-4000 (XR-5) | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Aerojet | Satellite based on Lockheed Martin A2100
CUSat | 29-09-2013 | 16-10-2013 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  |  | PTFE |  | Cornell University |  | Cornell University
University of Washington | Technology demonstration
STSAT-3 | 21-11-2013 | 2015-12 | Hall effect thruster | 1 |  | Xenon |  | KARI |  | KAIST/SaTReC |
DubaiSat-2 | 21-11-2013 |  | Hall effect thruster | 1 |  | Xenon |  | MBRSC |  | Satrec Initiative
JAXA (Neutralizer) | Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Wren | 21-11-2013 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 |  |  |  | StaDoKo |  | StaDoKo | 1U PocketQub propulsion
Ekspress-AM5 | 26-12-2013 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel | EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
KazSat-3 | 28-04-2014 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | JSC KazSat |  | OKB Fakel | Communications satellite based on Ekspress 1000 NTA bus
Deimos-2 | 19-06-2014 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | HEPS | Xenon |  | Deimos Imaging |  | Satrec Initiative | Satellite bus based on Satrec Initiative SI-300
Hodoyoshi 4 | 19-06-2014 |  | Ion engine | 1 | MIPS | Xenon |  | University of Tokyo/NESTRA |  | University of Tokyo |
MKA-FKI PN2 (Vernov) | 8-7-2014 | 2014-12 | Pulsed plasma thruster |  | APPT-45-2 | PTFE |  | Russian Academy of Sciences |  | RIAME | Satellite based on bus Karat; communication loss before thruster operation
Ekspress-AM6 (Eutelsat 53A) | 21-10-2014 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | RSCC |  | OKB Fakel | EP system used to insert the satellite into GEO. Unclear if EP is also used for station keeping.
Hayabusa2 | 03-12-2014 |  | Ion engine | 4 |  | Xenon |  | JAXA |  | JAXA/ISAS |
PROCYON | 03-12-2014 |  | Ion engine | 1 | I-COUPS | Xenon |  | JAXA/University of Tokyo |  | University of Tokyo | PRoximate Object Close flYby with Optical Navigation, experimental >200 h operation
Yamal 401 | 15-12-2014 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Gazcom |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
ABS-3A | 02-03-2015 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | ABS |  | L-3 ETI | First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
Satmex 7 (now: Eutelsat 115 West B) | 02-03-2015 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | Satmex |  | L-3 ETI | First Boeing 702SP all-electric satellites
BRICsat-P | 20-05-2015 |  | Vacuum arc thruster | 4 | μCAT |  |  | USNA |  | GW University | Detumbling, spin and a delta-V for a 1.5U cubesat in 500km orbit
AeroCube 8A | 20-05-2015 |  | Electrospray Thruster | 1 | SiEPro | Ionic liquid |  | The Aerospace Corporation |  | MIT | 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8B | 20-05-2015 |  | Electrospray Thruster | 1 | SiEPro | Ionic liquid |  | The Aerospace Corporation |  | MIT | 1.5 U cubesat
KaiTuo-1A (XinJiShu YanZheng-2) | 19-09-2015 |  | Hall effect thruster | 1
1 | LHT-100
(Unnamed) | Xenon |  |  |  | LIP
BICE | Experimental Satellite
Lisa Pathfinder | 3-12-2015 |  | Electrospray Thruster | 8 | CMNT | Ionic Liquid Propellant |  | ESA |  | Busek | Very precise attitude control
Horyu-4 (AEGIS) | 18-02-2016 |  | Vacuum arc thruster |  |  |  |  | KIT |  | KIT |
SES-9 | 04-03-2016 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | SES |  | L-3 ETI |
ABS-2A | 15-06-2016 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | ABS |  | L-3 ETI | Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Satmex 9 (now: Eutelsat 117 West B) | 15-06-2016 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | Satmex |  | L-3 ETI | Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Shijian-17 (SJ-17) | 03-11-2016 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | LHT-100 | Xenon |  | CAST |  | LIP |
AeroCube 8C | 11-11-2016 |  | Electrospray Thruster | 1 | SiEPro | Ionic liquid |  | The Aerospace Corporation |  | MIT | 1.5 U cubesat
AeroCube 8D | 11-11-2016 |  | Electrospray Thruster | 1 | SiEPro | Ionic liquid |  | The Aerospace Corporation |  | MIT | 1.5 U cubesat
AOBA-VELOX III | 09-12-2016 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 1 |  | PTFE |
| NTU
KIT |  | NTU | 2U-Cubesat propulsion, satellite piggyback on HTV-6, deployed from ISS on 16-01-2017
Hispasat 36W-1 (SmallGEO) | 27-01-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster | 8 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Hispasat |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on OHB Luxor bus
SES-10 | 30-03-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | SES |  | OKB Fakel |
Shijian-13 (SJ-13) | 12-04-2017 |  | Ion engine | 4 | LIPS-200 | Xenon |  | CAST & ChinaSatcom |  | LIP | Satellite based on DongFangHong-3B satellite bus
GSAT-9 (South Asian Satellite) | 05-05-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | KM-45 | Xenon |  | ISRO |  | Keldysh | Station-keeping of satellite, including orbit changes [6][7][8][9]
SES-15 | 18-05-2017 |  | Ion engine | 4 | XIPS-25 | Xenon |  | SES World Skies |  | L-3 ETI | Satellite based on all-electric bus Boeing 702SP
Eutelsat 172B | 01-06-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-140 | Xenon |  | Eutelsat |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar-3000EOR
PEGASUS | 23-06-2017 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 |  | PTFE |  | FH Wiener Neustadt |  | FH Wiener Neustadt | Cubesat propulsion; part of QB50
Shijian-18 | 02-07-2017 | 02-07-2017 | Ion engine |  | LIPS-300 | Xenon |  |  |  | LIP | Launcher failed to reach orbit
VENμS | 02-08-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster | 2 | IHET-300 | Xenon |
| ISA
CNES |  | Rafael | Station-keeping, fine attitude control and orbit change
AsiaSat-9 | 28-09-2017 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | AsiaSat |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on Space Systems Loral SSL-1300 bus
SLATS (Tsubame) | 23-12-2017 | 02-10-2019 | Ion engine | 1 | XIES | Xenon |  |  |  |  |
Flock-3p' | 12-01-2018 |  | FEEP | 1 | IFM Nano | Indium |  | Planet Labs |  | Enpulsion | First successful IOD of a FEEP thruster on a 3U Cubesat
SES-14 | 25-01-2018 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-140 | Xenon |  | SES |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
SES-12 | 04-06-2018 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | SPT-140 | Xenon |  | SES |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
NovaSAR | 16-09-2018 |  | Resistojet
Quad confinement thruster | 1
1 |
QCT-200 | Xenon |  | SSTL/ADS UK |  | SSTL
SSC/SSTL | Satellite based on SSTL-300 bus
BepiColombo | 20-10-2018 |  | Ion engine | 4 | T6 | Xenon |
| ESA & JAXA |  | QinetiQ | Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS)
(undisclosed) | 2018 |  | FEEP | 4 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
(undisclosed) | 2018 |  | FEEP | 1 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
FalconSat-6 | 3-12-2018 |  | Hall effect thruster |  | BHT-200 | Xenon |  | USAF |  | Busek | Experimental Satellite
UWE-4 | 27-12-2018 |  | FEEP | 4 | NanoFEEP | Gallium |  | Universität Würzburg |  | Morpheus Space | First IOD of orbit control on a picosatellite using electric propulsion
AOBA-VELOX-IV | 18-01-2019 |  | Pulsed plasma thruster | 4 |  | PTFE |
| NTU
KIT |  | NTU |
Xiaoxiang-1 03 | 21-01-2019 |  | Electrospray thruster |  |  |  |  | Spacety Aerospace Corp. |  | 206th Institute |
(undisclosed) | 2019 |  | FEEP | 4 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
PSN-6 (Nusantara Satu) | 22-02-2019 |  |  |  |  | Xenon |  | PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara |  | SSL |
(undisclosed) | 2019 |  | FEEP | 7 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
Starlink L0 | 23-05-2019 |  | Hall effect thruster | 60 |  | Krypton |  | SpaceX |  | SpaceX | First operational Starlink satellite design
Yamal 601 | 30-05-2019 |  | Hall effect thruster | 4 | SPT-100 | Xenon |  | Gazprom |  | OKB Fakel | Satellite based on bus Ekspress-2000A
(undisclosed) | 2019 |  | FEEP | 4 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
(undisclosed) | 2019 |  | FEEP | 4 | IFM Nano | Indium |  |  |  | Enpulsion |
Starlink Launch 1-28 (V1)  | 11 Nov 2019-26 May 2021  |  | Hall effect thruster  |  |  | Krypton  |  | SpaceX  |  | SpaceX  | All Starlink v1 satellite launches -a more detailed list is available here
JCSAT-18/Kacific-1[10][11] | 17 Dec 2019  |  | Ion engine  | 4  | XIPS  | Xenon  |  | SKY Perfect JSAT / Kacific  |  | Boeing-EDD  | Boeing 702
Shijian-20(SJ-20) | 27-12-2019 |  | Ion engine |  | LIPS-300 | Xenon |  | CAST |  | LIP | Back-up of Shijian-18 based on DFH-5 Bus
Eutelsat KONNECT  | 17 Jan 2020  |  |  |  | Spacebus Neo Xenon Propulsion System (XPS)  | Xenon  |  |  |  |  |
APStar 6D  | 9 July 2020  |  | Ion engine  |  | LIPS-300  | Xenon  |  |  |  | LIP  | DFH-5 bus
SES-17 | 24 Oct 2021  |  | Hall effect thruster  |  |  | Xenon  |  | SES  |  | Snecma (TBC)  | all-electric Spacebus Neo
Double Asteroid Redirection Test | 24 Nov 2021  | 26 Sep 2022  |  |  | Next-C Ion Engine  | Xenon  |  | NASA  |  | Aerojet Rocketdyne  |
Hotbird 13F  | 15 Oct 2022  |  | Hall effect thruster  |  | PPS5000 (TBC)  | Xenon  |  | Eutelsat  |  | Snecma (TBC)  | all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
Hotbird 13G  | 3 Nov 2022  |  | Hall effect thruster  |  | PPS5000 (TBC)  | Xenon  |  | Eutelsat  |  | Snecma (TBC)  | all-electric bus Eurostar Neo
MicroHETSat  | 1 Dec 2023  |  | Hall Effect Thruster  |  | Sitael HT100  | Xenon  |  | ESA  |  | Sitael  | IOD for HT100
Ionozond (Ionosfera M 1, 2)  | 4 Nov 2024  |  | Pulsed plasma thruster  |  | APPT-95  | PTFE  |  | Roskosmos  |  | RIAME  | AOCS
GSAT-20 | 18 Nov 2024  |  | Hall effect thruster  |  |  | Xenon  |  | ISRO  |  | ISRO  |
Tianwen-2 | 29 May 2026  |  | Ion engine  |  | LIPS-300  | Xenon  |  |  |  | LIP  | DFH-5 bus

## Planned missions

Planned missions  Spacecraft name  | Launch date  | Thruster type  | Model  | Propellant  | Spacecraft customer  | Thruster prime  | Comment

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

ASTER | 2025 | Hall effect thruster | PMHT | Xenon |  | AEB |  | UnB | MetNet bus
ETS-9 | 2025 | Hall effect thruster |  | Xenon |  | JAXA |  | IHI Aerospace |
NASA Gateway | 2025 | Hall effect thruster |  | Xenon |  | NASA |  | L3-Aerojet Rocketdyne/Busek |
AQUIS  | 2025  | Vacuum Arc Jet  |  | Tungsten  |  | Space Team Aachen  |  | Space Team Aachen  | FEEP in development as upgrade
Soyuz-Sat-O | ? | Pulsed plasma thruster | APPT-155 | PTFE |
|  |  | RIAME |

## See also

* Lists of spacecraft

## References

1. ↑ "Present and Future of Space Electric Propulsion in Europe". http://epic-src.eu/wp-content/uploads/EPIC_Lecture-UC3M_22-10-2015.pdf.
2. ↑ "paper From RNII to Keldysh Research Center on page 56 of the magazine Земля и Вселенная #5 2013". http://file.magzdb.org/ul/151/Земля и Вселенная 2013 05.pdf.
3. ↑ "IAC Archive — IAC-07/C4/4/1". http://iafastro.directory/iac/archive/browse/IAC-07/C4/4/6903/.
4. ↑ "Review of works on Electric propulsion at Keldysh Research Center". http://trudymai.ru/upload/iblock/7d4/review-of-works-on-electric-propulsion-at-keldysh-research-center.pdf.
5. ↑ "GSLV D3/GSAT-4 Brochure". http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/images/brochures/GSLV-D3_GSAT-4 Brochure.pdf.
6. ↑ "ISRO to Test Electric Propulsion on Satellites". http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/ISRO-to-Test-Electric-Propulsion-on-Satellites/2015/11/30/article3153565.ece.
7. ↑ Murthy, P. V. N.; Raghavaiah, Vaddi; Sowjanya, P.; Renuka, R.; Kumar, Shiv S.; Hariharan, V. K.; Rao, M. Nageswara (Dec 2016). "Study on EMI/ESD effects of Electric Propulsion System on spacecraft systems and mitigation techniques". 2016 International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Interference & Compatibility (INCEMIC). IEEE. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/incemic.2016.7921463. ISBN 9781509058402.
8. ↑ "Центр Келдыша разработал новый электроракетный двигатель". https://tass.ru/kosmos/4588930.
9. ↑ HUANG, WENSHENG (Dec 2017). "Electric rockets power bigger share". https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/year-in-review/electric-rockets-power-bigger-share/.
10. ↑ "MediaRoom - News Releases/Statements". https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2019-12-16-Boeing-built-Satellite-to-Offer-Greater-Asia-Pacific-Coverage.
11. ↑ "Kacific1 Milestones: Bus and Payload Integration Complete – Kacific" (in en-US). https://kacific.com/news/kacific1-milestones-bus-and-payload-integration-complete/.

* v
* t
* e

Spacecraft propulsion

Chemical
rockets|

| State|

* Liquid-propellant rocket
* Solid-propellant rocket
* Hybrid-propellant rocket

|

Propellants|

* Liquid propellant
* Cryogenic
* Hypergolic
* Monopropellant
* Bipropellant
* Staged combustion cycle
* Expander cycle
* Gas-generator cycle
* Tap-off cycle
* Pressure-fed engine
* Pump-fed engine
* Electric-pump-fed engine
* Tripropellant

Electrical
thrusters|

| Electrostatic|

* Colloid thruster
* Ion thruster
* Gridded
* Hall-effect thruster
* Field-emission electric propulsion

|

Electromagnetic|

* Pulsed inductive thruster
* Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
* Electrodeless plasma thruster

Electrothermal|

* Pulsed plasma thruster
* Helicon double-layer thruster
* Arcjet rocket
* Resistojet rocket
* VASIMR

Other|

* Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion
* High Power Electric Propulsion
* MagBeam
* Mass driver

Nuclear
propulsion|

| Closed system|

* Direct Fusion Drive
* Nuclear electric rocket
* Nuclear thermal rocket
* Radioisotope
* Salt-water
* Gas core
* "Lightbulb"

|

Open system|

* Nuclear pulse propulsion
* Antimatter-catalyzed
* Pulsed nuclear thermal rocket‎
* Fusion rocket
* Bussard ramjet
* Fission-fragment rocket
* Fission sail
* Nuclear photonic rocket

Other|

* Anti-gravity
* Beam-powered propulsion
* Cold gas thruster
* Gravity assist
* Solar sail
* Electric sail
* Magnetic sail
* Solar thermal rocket
* Tethers
* Steam thruster

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