Merge

Short description: Virtualisation software

MergeDeveloper(s)| Locus Computing Corporation

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Initial release| 9 October 1985; 40 years ago (1985-10-09)
Operating system| SCO UNIX
Platform| Intel 8086

Merge is a software system which allows a user to run DOS/Windows 3.1 on SCO UNIX, in an 8086 virtual machine.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## History

Merge was originally developed to run DOS under UNIX System V Release 2 on an AT&T 6300 Plus personal computer. Development of the virtual machine began in late 1984, and AT&T announced the availability of the machine on 9 October 1985,[1] referring to the bundled Merge software as Simultask.[2] (The PC 6300 Plus shipped with MS-DOS in 1985 though, because its Unix System V distribution was not ready until the end of March 1986.)[3] Merge was developed by engineers at Locus Computing Corporation, with collaboration from AT&T hardware and software engineers, particularly on aspects of the system that were specific to the 6300 Plus (in contrast to a standard IBM PC/AT).

The AT&T 6300 Plus contained an Intel 80286 processor, which did not include the support for 8086 virtual machines (virtual 8086 mode) found in the 80386 and later processors in the x86 family. On the 80286, the DOS program had to run in real mode. The 6300 Plus was designed with special hardware on the bus that would suppress and capture bus cycles from the DOS program if they were directed toward addresses not assigned for direct access by the DOS virtual machine.[4] Various system registers, such as the programmable interrupt controller (PIC), and the video controller, had to be emulated in software for the DOS process, and a watchdog timer was implemented to recover from DOS programs that would clear the interrupt flag and then hang for too long. The hardware used the non-maskable interrupt (NMI) to take control back to the emulation code.[5]

Later, Merge was enhanced to make use of the virtual 8086 mode provided by the 80386 processor; that version was offered with Microport SVR3 starting in 1987,[citation needed] and subsequently with SCO Unix. There was also a Merge/286 version that ran on an unmodified PC/AT (without any special I/O trapping hardware); it ran as long as the PC program was reasonably well-behaved, though a malicious or crashing program could take the unprotected UNIX kernel down on those machines. Even so, the notoriously ill-behaved Microsoft Flight Simulator would run on the PC/AT simultaneously with Unix.[citation needed] These later versions were marketed directly by Locus as well as through some OEM and ISV channels. A product-evaluation version with user manual appeared in January 1987, with retail Version 1.0 of Merge/386 shipping in October of that year.

In the late 1980s, the main commercial competitor of Merge was VP/IX developed by Interactive Systems Corporation and Phoenix Technologies.[6] AT&T's Simultask 2.0 was based on VP/IX.[7][8]

In 1992, Univel UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition came with DOS Merge 3.0 and Novell's DR DOS 6.0.

Locus eventually joined the Microsoft WISE[9] program which gave them access to Microsoft Windows source code, which allowed later versions of Merge to run Windows shrink wrapped applications without a copy of Windows.[10]

On 12 April 1995, Platinum Technology announced an agreement in principle to acquire Locus Computing Corporation for approximately US$33 million, about 1/4 of which was attributed to the Merge technology and product.[citation needed] The acquisition went through, and Platinum went on to develop the SCO Merge 4 version with Windows 95 support, which was released in 1998.[11]

The Merge technology was bought by a company called DASCOM in 1999, which was in turn bought by IBM. A company called TreLOS was spun off in 2000 that continued the development of the virtual machine software and created Win4Lin. TreLOS later merged into NeTraverse, Inc.

The SCO Group distributes NeTraverse Merge 5.3, which supports their current products SCO OpenServer 5.x and UnixWare 7.[12]

## See also

* Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements (Dr. Popek was one of the founders of Locus)
* Windows Interface Source Environment (WISE)

## References

1. ↑ "6300 Plus Launched By AT&T". InfoWorld (Popular Computing, Inc.) 7 (41): pp. 1, 8. 1985-10-14. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=ii8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1.
2. ↑ "Another Unix Project to Run DOS on 80386". InfoWorld (Popular Computing, Inc.) 8 (26): p. 3. 1986-06-30. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3. "[…] Locus previously developed Merge 286, now used by AT&T's Simultask program to run one MS-DOS program under Unix on the 80286-based 6300 Plus, according to Judi Uttal, director of marketing for Locus. […]"
3. ↑ "Even without Unix, Byers Like AT&T's PC 6300". InfoWorld (Morristown, NJ, USA: Popular Computing, Inc.) 8 (2): p. 13. 1986-01-13. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=mi8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13.
4. ↑ "Simultask Response". InfoWorld (Popular Computing, Inc.) 8 (50): pp. 71. 1986-12-15. ISSN 0199-6649. https://books.google.com/books?id=bDwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA71. "[…] A recent Review Response stated that no special hardware is required to run Simultask [and therefore it could run on any 80286 computer]. Every PC 6300 Plus comes standard with special circuitry on the motherboard. This hardware is activated with Simultask to prevent programs from interfering with one another when they are running simultaneously. This is necessary because many MS-DOS programs have complete control of the hardware. Simultask uses this circuitry to ensure that, no matter what one program does, other programs that are running simultaneously will not be affected. Other computers can't provide this assurance. […]"
5. ↑ "U.S. Patent: Dual Operating System Computer". http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4747040.
6. ↑ "Computerworld". Computerworld (IDG Enterprise): pp. 81–. 1987-10-26. ISSN 0010-4841. https://books.google.com/books?id=3UuWcPxTGDIC&pg=PT81.
7. ↑ "PC Mag". PC Magazine (Ziff Davis, Inc.): 152–. 1989-04-11. ISSN 0888-8507. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_jGnF7KJsyBQC. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
8. ↑ UNIX System V release 4: an introduction for new and experienced users. Berkeley, USA: Osborne McGraw-Hill. 1990. p. 934. ISBN 978-0-07-881552-2. https://archive.org/details/unixsystemvrelea00rose/page/934.
9. ↑ "Windows Interface Source Environment (WISE)". January 1995. http://hyper.sunjapan.com.cn/~hz/win32/wise.htm.
10. ↑ "Locus announces availability of Merge 3.2 for SCO OpenServer Release 5". 1995-05-09. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Locus+announces+availability+of+Merge+3.2+for+SCO+OpenServer+Release+5-a016933936.
11. ↑ "SCO runs Windows 95 apps on Unix". 1998-02-19. http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/1977985/sco-runs-windows-apps-unix.
12. ↑ "Xinuos, Inc. | Products | Merge | Merge_5". http://www.sco.com/products/merge/Merge_5.3_US-7.html.

## External links

* "MergePro for SCO OpenServer and UnixWare". http://www.sco.com/products/merge/.
* "Can CA save Linux from the great Satan SCO?". Computerworld New Zealand (IDG Communications). 2003-12-20. CMPWNZ. ISSN 0113-1494. http://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/504245/can_ca_save_linux_from_great_satan_sco_/.

* v
* t
* e

Unix–Windows interoperability

Unix-like subsystems|

* Cygwin
* Windows Services for UNIX (Interix, Microsoft POSIX subsystem)
* Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 1)

Development environments and shells|

* MinGW
* DJGPP
* Hamilton C shell
* MKS Toolkit
* UWIN

Ports of Unix-like utilities for Windows|

* GnuWin32
* UnxUtils

Windows runtime environments for *nix|

* Cedega
* CrossOver
* Darwine
* Valve Proton
* Wine

Platform virtualization software|

* andLinux
* Cooperative Linux
* Merge
* TopologiLinux
* Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 2)

Related|

* Captive NTFS
* NDISwrapper
* Windows Interface Source Environment

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