List of indigenous languages of South America

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This article lists the indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (†).

## Contents

* 1 Demographics by country
* 2 Languages by classification
* 2.1 Jolkesky (2016)
* 2.2 Campbell (2012)
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Demographics by country

Demographics of Indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):[1]

Language | Alternate names | Family | Branch | Population | Speaker number | Degree of endangerment | Country | Other countries

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Mapudungun | Mapuche | Araucanian |  | 113,680 | 8,413 | seriously endangered |  Argentina | Chile
Aymara |  | Aymaran |  | 4,104 | ? | endangered |  Argentina | Chile, Bolivia, Peru
Gününa Yajich | Gününa Küne, Pampa | Chonan |  | 1,585 | – | extinct (1960–1970) |  Argentina |
Selkʼnam | Ona | Chonan |  | 696 | – | extinct (1970s) |  Argentina | Chile †
Tehuelche | Aonekʼenk, Pʼe꞉nkʼenk | Chonan |  | 10,590 | – | extinct (2019) |  Argentina |
Teushen | Tehuesh | Chonan |  | – | – | extinct (early 1900s) |  Argentina |
Mocoví | Moqoyt Laʼqa꞉tqa | Guaicuruan |  | 15,837 | 2,780 | endangered |  Argentina |
Pilagá | PitelaGa Laqtak | Guaicuruan |  | 4,465 | 3,494 | potentially endangered |  Argentina |
Toba | Namqom | Guaicuruan |  | 69,452 | 30,410 | endangered |  Argentina | Paraguay
Vilela |  | Lule-Vilelan |  | 50 | 2 | moribund |  Argentina |
Chorote | Yofuáha, Yowúwa | Matacoan |  | 2,613 | 1,692 | endangered |  Argentina | Paraguay
Nivaclé | Nivaklé, Chulupí, Ashluslay | Matacoan |  | 553 | 224 | seriously endangered |  Argentina | Paraguay
Wichí | Mataco, ʼWeenhayek in Bolivia | Matacoan |  | 40,036 | 28,631 | potentially endangered |  Argentina | Bolivia
Santiagueño Quechua |  | Quechuan |  | – | 60,000 – 80,000 | endangered |  Argentina |
Ava Guaraní | Guaraní in Bolivia, Guaraní Occidental in Paraguay | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 21,807 | 5,139 | endangered |  Argentina | Bolivia
Guaraní Correntino | Guaraní Goyano | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | – | 100,000 – 1,000,000 | potentially endangered |  Argentina |
Mbyá |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 8,223 | 3,908 | endangered |  Argentina | Paraguay, Brazil
Tapieté | Ñandevá in Paraguay | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 524 | 178 | seriously endangered |  Argentina | Bolivia, Paraguay
Kunza | Atacameño, Likan Antai, Ulipe, Lipe | Isolate |  | 3,044 | – | extinct |  Argentina | Chile †
Yahgan | Yámana | Isolate |  | – | – | extinct (2022) |  Argentina | Chile
Quechua |  | Quechuan |  | 2,125,000 | 1,540,833 | potentially endangered |  Bolivia | Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Argentina
Aymara |  | Aymaran |  | 1,470,000 | 1,008,825 | potentially endangered |  Bolivia | Peru, Chile, Argentina
Chipaya |  | Uru-Chipayan |  | 2,134 | 1,800 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Uchumataqu | Uru | Uru-Chipayan |  | 230 | – | extinct (2004) |  Bolivia |
Chholo |  | Uru-Chipayan |  | ? | 1? | extinct |  Bolivia |
Puquina |  | Puquinan |  | – | – | extinct |  Bolivia | Peru †
Kallawaya |  | Mixed |  | – | ? | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Machineri |  | Arawakan |  | 30 | 13 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia | Brazil
Baure |  | Arawakan |  | 886 | 67 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Moxo (Mojeño), Trinitario |  | Arawakan |  | 30,000 | 3,140 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Moxo (Mojeño), Ignaciano |  | Arawakan |  | 2,000 | 1,080 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Paunaca |  | Arawakan |  | ? | 1 (2024) | moribund |  Bolivia |
Moré | Itene | Chapacuran |  | 64 | 44 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Chácobo |  | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 516 | 380 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Pacahuara |  | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 46 | 6 | moribund |  Bolivia |
Yaminahua |  | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 93 | 51 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia | Peru, Brazil
Ese Ejja |  | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 732 | 518 | endangered |  Bolivia | Peru
Araona |  | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 158 | 111 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Cavineña |  | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 1,683 | 601 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Tacana |  | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 7,345 | 1,153 / 50–500 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Maropa | Reyesano | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 4,919 | 53 / 12 | moribund |  Bolivia |
Yuki |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 208 | 140 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Sirionó |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 268 | 187 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Guarayo |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 11,953 | 8,433 | potentially endangered |  Bolivia |
Guaraní | Chiriguano | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 125,159 | 43,633 | potentially endangered |  Bolivia | Argentina
Tapieté |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 41 | 29 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia | Argentina, Paraguay
ʼWeenhayek | Mataco, Wichí in Argentina | Matacoan |  | 1,797 | 1,929 | endangered |  Bolivia | Argentina
Ayoreo |  | Zamucoan |  | 1,398 | 1,398 | endangered |  Bolivia | Paraguay
Canichana |  | Isolate |  | 404 | 4 / 0? | extinct |  Bolivia |
Movima |  | Isolate |  | 12,230 | 1,173 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia |
Cayubaba |  | Isolate |  | 664 | 23 / <3 | moribund |  Bolivia |
Itonama |  | Isolate |  | 2,791 | 389 / < 2 | moribund |  Bolivia |
Mosetén |  | Mosetenan |  | 1,588 | 948 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Tsimaneʼ | Chimane | Mosetenan |  | 8,615 | 6,351 | potentially endangered |  Bolivia |
Leko |  | Isolate |  | 4,186 | 132 / 20 | moribund |  Bolivia |
Yurakaré |  | Isolate |  | 2,829 | 1,809 | endangered |  Bolivia |
Besïro | Chiquitano | Macro-Gê | Chiquitano | 195,624 | 4,615 | seriously endangered |  Bolivia | Brazil
Banawá Yafí | Banawá | Arawan |  | 100 (2006) | 100 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Deni |  | Arawan |  | 875 (2006) | 875 | endangered |  Brazil |
Jamamadí | Yamamadí, Kanamantí | Arawan |  | 884 (2006) | 800 | endangered |  Brazil |
Jarawara | Jarauara | Arawan |  | 180 (2006) | 180 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kulina | Culina, Madihá, Madiha, Madija | Arawan |  | 3,500 (2006) | 3,000 | endangered |  Brazil | Peru
Paumari | Palmari | Arawan |  | 892 (2006) | 290 (2000) | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Zuruahã | Sorowaha, Suruwaha | Arawan |  | 136 (2007) | 136 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Apurinã | Popingaré, Kangitê, Kaxiriri, Cacharary | Arawakan |  | 3,256 (2006) | 2,000 | endangered |  Brazil |
Asháninka | Kampa, Axíninka | Arawakan |  | 869 (2004) | 813 | endangered |  Brazil | Peru
Baniwa | Baniwa do Içana, Baniva, Baniua, Walimanai, Wakuenai | Arawakan |  | 5,811 (2005) | 5,811 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Colombia, Venezuela
Baré |  | Arawakan |  | 10,275 (2005) | 2 | moribund |  Brazil | Venezuela
Enawê-Nawê | Salumã | Arawakan |  | 445 (2006) | 445 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kaixana | Caixana | Arawakan |  | 505 (2006) | 1 | moribund |  Brazil |
Kinikinau | Guaná | Arawakan |  | 250 (2005) | 11 (2007) | moribund |  Brazil |
Kuripako | Curripaco, Curipaco, Coripaco | Arawakan |  | 1,332 (2005) | 1,332 | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia, Venezuela
Machineri | Manchineri, Yine | Arawakan |  | 937 (2004) | 937 | endangered |  Brazil | Bolivia
Mehinako | Mehinaku, Meinaku | Arawakan |  | 227 (2006) | 200 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Palikur | Palikuʼene, Aukwayene, Aukuyene | Arawakan |  | 1,330 (2006) | 1,300 | endangered |  Brazil | French Guiana
Parecí | Paresí, Arití, Halití | Arawakan |  | 2,005 (2008) | 1,000 | endangered |  Brazil |
Tariana | Tariano | Arawakan |  | 1,914 (2002) | 100 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Terêna | Terena, Tereno | Arawakan |  | 19,961 | 19,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Wapixana | Wapishana, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana | Arawakan |  | 7,000 (2008) | 4,000? | endangered |  Brazil | Guyana
Warekena | Werekena, Uarequena | Arawakan |  | 806 (206) | 20 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Waurá | Waujá, Uará | Arawakan |  | 321 (2008) | 321 | endangered |  Brazil |
Yawalapití | Iaualapití | Arawakan |  | 222 (2006) | 10? | moribund |  Brazil |
Bakairí | Bacairí, Kurâ | Cariban |  | 950 (1999) | 950 | endangered |  Brazil |
Galibí | Galibí do Oiapoque, Kariʼna, Kaliña | Cariban |  | 66 | only elders | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
Hixkaryana | Hyxkaryana | Cariban |  | 631 (2006) | 600 | endangered |  Brazil |
Ikpeng | Txicão, Txikão | Cariban |  | 342 (2006) | 342 | endangered |  Brazil |
Ingarikó | Akawayo, Kapon | Cariban |  | 1,170 (2007) | 1,170 | endangered |  Brazil | Guyana, Venezuela
Kalapalo | Calapalu | Cariban |  | 506 (2006) | 506 | endangered |  Brazil |
Katxuyana-Xikuyana | Kaxuyana-Xikuyana, Kaxuyana, Caxuiana | Cariban |  | 230 (2006) | 150 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Kuikuro | Cuicuro | Cariban |  | 509 (2006) | 600 | endangered |  Brazil |
Makuxí | Macuxi, Macushi, Pemon | Cariban |  | 23,433 (2006) | 15,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Matipú |  | Cariban |  | 103 (2006) | 10 | moribund |  Brazil |
Nahukwá | Nahukuá, Nafuquá | Cariban |  | 124 (2006) | 124 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Naruvoto |  | Cariban |  | 78 (2003) | ? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Patamona | Kapon, Akawayo | Cariban |  | 87 (2006) | ? | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Guyana, Venezuela
Taurepang | Taulipang, Pemon, Arekuna | Cariban |  | 582 (2002) | 500 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Guyana, Venezuela
Tiriyó | Trio, Tarëno, Tirió, Tirio, Tarona, Yawi, Pianokoto | Cariban |  | 1,156 (2006) | 1,156 | endangered |  Brazil | Suriname
Waimirí-Atroarí | Kinã, Kinja | Cariban |  | 1,120 (2005) | 1,120 | endangered |  Brazil |
Waiwai | Wai Wai, TunayanaWaiwai, Katuena | Cariban |  | 2,914 (2005) | 2,914 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Guyana
Wayana | Waiana, Uaiana, Aparaí | Cariban |  | 288 (2006) | 288 | endangered |  Brazil | Suriname, French Guiana
Yekuana | Yeʼkuana, Yekwana, Yecuana, Makiritare, Maquiritare, Maiongong, Soʼto | Cariban |  | 430 (2000) | 430 | endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Kuyubim | Kujubí, Cojubím, Kaw Ta Yo | Chapacuran |  | 55 (2006) | 2 (2001) | moribund |  Brazil |
Miguelenho | Uomo | Chapacuran |  | 50 | 1 | moribund |  Brazil |
Moré |  | Chapacuran |  | 30 (2002) | 12 (2002) | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Bolivia
Oro Win | Oro Towati | Chapacuran |  | 56 (2006) | 5 | moribund |  Brazil |
Torá |  | Chapacuran |  | 312 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Wariʼ | Pakaa Nova, Pacaás Novos | Chapacuran |  | 2,721 (2006) | 2,721 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Kadiweu | Kadiweo, Caduveo, Cadiuéu, Ejiwajigi, Mbaya-Guaicuru | Guaicuruan |  | 1,629 (2006) | 1,600 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kanamarí | Canamarí, Tüküná, Tâkâna | Harakmbut-Katukinan |  | 1,654 (2006) | most? | endangered |  Brazil |
Katawixí | Catawixi, Catauixi, Catawishi | Harakmbut-Katukinan |  | 10? (1986) | 10? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Katukina do Biá | Pedá Djapá, Tüküná | Harakmbut-Katukinan |  | 450 (2007) | 1 (1976) | possibly extinct |  Brazil |
Tsohom Djapá | Tucano | Harakmbut-Katukinan |  | 100 (1985) | 30? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Bororo | Eastern Bororo, Boe, Boe Wadáru | Macro-Gê | Bororo | 1,390(2006) | 1,390 | endangered |  Brazil |
Umutina | Omotina, Barbados | Macro-Gê | Bororo | 445 (2009) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Chiquitano | Linguará, Anenho | Macro-Gê | Chiquitano | 737 (2006) | 50 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Bolivia
Guató |  | Macro-Gê | Guató | 370 (2006) | 5 | moribund |  Brazil |
Apinajé | Apinayé, Apinaié, Timbira Ocidentais | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 1,525 (2006) | 1,500 | endangered |  Brazil |
Canela | Kanela, Kanela Ramkokamekrá, Kanela Apanyekra | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 2,502 (2006) | 2,502 | endangered |  Brazil |
Gavião Perkatêjê | Gavião, Parkatêjê, Gavião do Pará, Gavião do Mãe Maria | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 476 (2006) | 476 | endangered |  Brazil |
Gavião Pukobiê | Pykopjê, Gavião do Maranhão, Timbira | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 494 (2006) | 494 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kaingang | Caingangue, Kanhgág | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 28,000 (2006) | 18,500 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Krahô | Craô, Kraô, Mehim, Timbira | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 2,184 (2006) | 2,184 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kren-Yê |  | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 30 (1999) | 5 (2020) | moribund |  Brazil |
Krikatí | Krinkatí, Krikatí-Timbira, Timbira | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 682 (2005) | 682 | endangered |  Brazil |
Mebêngokrê | Kayapó, Xikrin, Put Karot | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 7,266 (2006) | 7,266 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Panará | Krenhakarore, Krenakore, Krenakarore, Kreen-Akarore, Índios Gigantes | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 374 (2008) | 374 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kisêdjê | Suyá, Suiá, Mëkisêdjê | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 351 (2006) | 351 | endangered |  Brazil |
Tapayuna | Suyá Orientais, Novos Suyá, Beiço-de-Pau | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 58 (1995) | 58? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Xakriabá | Xacriabá, Xikriabá | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 7,665 (2006) | 0? | possibly extinct |  Brazil |
Xavante | Aʼuwe, Awen | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 13,303 (2007) | 13,303 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Xerente | Akwê, Akwen, Acuen | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 2,569 (2006) | 2,569 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Xokleng | Shokleng, Xokrén, Laklanô, Bugres, Botocudos, Aweikoma, Kaingang de Santa Catarina, Aweikoma-Kaingang | Macro-Gê | Gêan | 887 (2004) | 100 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Arikapú | Aricapú | Macro-Gê | Jabutí | 30 (2006) | 1 | moribund |  Brazil |
Djeoromitxí | Jeoromitxí, Jabutí | Macro-Gê | Jabutí | 165 (2006) | 30 (2008) | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Yatê | Iatê, Fulniô, Carnijó | Macro-Gê | Yatê | 2,930 (1999) | 1,000 | endangered |  Brazil |
Javaé | Karajá | Macro-Gê | Karajá | 1,208 (2006) | 800? | endangered |  Brazil |
Karajá | Carajá, Iny | Macro-Gê | Karajá | 2,532 (2006) | 2,250 | endangered |  Brazil |
Xambioá | Karajá do Norte, Ixybiowa, Iraru Mahãdu | Macro-Gê | Karajá | 269 (2006) | 10 | moribund |  Brazil |
Krenak | Crenaque, Crenac, Krenac, Nakrehé, Krenak-Nakrehé, Borun; Botocudos; Aimorés | Macro-Gê | Krenakan | 204 (2006) | 10 | moribund |  Brazil |
Maxakalí | Maxacalí, Monacó, Kumanuxú, Tikmuún | Macro-Gê | Maxakalí | 1,271 (2006) | 1,271 | endangered |  Brazil |
Pataxó | Pataxó do Norte, Pataxó do Sur, Hã Hã Hãe | Macro-Gê | Maxakalí | 2,219 (2005) | – | extinct (late 1900s) |  Brazil |
Ofayé | Ofaié, Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante | Macro-Gê | Ofayé | 61 (2006) | 12 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Rikbaktsá | Erikbaktsá, Erigpaktsá, Orelhas de Pau, Canoeiros | Macro-Gê | Rikbaktsá | 1,117 (2006) | 900 | endangered |  Brazil |
Mura |  | Muran |  | 9,299 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Pirahã | Mura-Pirahã | Muran |  | 389 (2006) | 389 | endangered |  Brazil |
Dâw | Kamã | Nadahup |  | 120 | 120 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Hup | Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú | Nadahup |  | 1,500 | 1,500 | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Kuyabi | Kuyawi | Nadahup |  | 20 | 20 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Nadëb | Nadöbö, Anodöb, Makunadöbö, Guariba, Guariba Tapuyo, Kabori, Xiriwai | Nadahup |  | 350 | 350 | endangered |  Brazil |
Yuhup |  | Nadahup |  | 617 | 617 | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Latundê | Northern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte) | Nambikwaran |  | 19 | 19 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Lakondê | Northern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte) | Nambikwaran |  | 7 | 1 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Mamaindê | Northern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte) | Nambikwaran |  | 250 | 250 | endangered |  Brazil |
Negarotê | Northern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte) | Nambikwaran |  | 80 | 80 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Tawandê | Northern Nambikwara (Nambikwara do Norte) | Nambikwaran |  | few | 1 | moribund |  Brazil |
Southern Nambikwara | Nambikwara do Sul | Nambikwaran |  | 721 | 721 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Sabanê |  | Nambikwaran |  | 140 | 3 | moribund |  Brazil |
Arara Shawãdawa | Arara do Acre, Shawanauá | Panotacanan | Panoan | 332 (2004) | 9 (2000) | moribund |  Brazil |
Katukina-Kanamari | Katukina [Tüküná, Pi:Dyapa], Kanamarí [Tüküna Kanamarí, Canamari], Tsohom-Dyapa [Tsunhum-Djapá, Tyonhwak Dyapa], Katukina do Acre, Katukina Pano | Panotacanan | Panoan | 2,239 (2008) | 2,239 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Kaxararí | Caxarari, Kaxariri | Panotacanan | Panoan | 322 (2009) | 300? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Kaxinawá | Caxinauá, Cashinahuá, Cashinahua, Hantxa Kuin, Huni Kuin | Panotacanan | Panoan | 4,500 (2004) | 4,500 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Peru
Korubo |  | Panotacanan | Panoan | 26 (2007) | 26 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Kulina do Acre | Kulina Pano, Culina | Panotacanan | Panoan | 125 (2006) | only elders | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Marubo |  | Panotacanan | Panoan | 1,252 (2006) | 1,252 | endangered |  Brazil |
Matís |  | Panotacanan | Panoan | 322 (2008) | 322 | endangered |  Brazil |
Matsés |  | Panotacanan | Panoan | 1,592 (2006) | 1,500 | endangered |  Brazil | Peru
Maya | Quixito | Panotacanan | Panoan | 400 | 400 | endangered |  Brazil | Peru?
Nukini | Nuquini, Nukuíni | Panotacanan | Panoan | 600 (2003) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Poyanawa | Poianáua | Panotacanan | Panoan | 403 (1999) | 2 | moribund |  Brazil |
Shanenawá | Katukina, Shanenawá | Panotacanan | Panoan | 361 (2006) | 300 | endangered |  Brazil |
Yaminawa | Jaminawa, Iauminawa | Panotacanan | Panoan | 855 (2006) | 600 | endangered |  Brazil | Bolivia, Peru
Yawanawá | Yauanauá, Iauanauá | Panotacanan | Panoan | 519 (2006) | 519 | endangered |  Brazil |
Arapaso | Arapaço | Tucanoan |  | 569 | 0? | possibly extinct |  Brazil |
Bará | Waimajã, Waípinõmakã | Tucanoan |  | 21 (2005) | 21 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Barasana | Barasano, Pãnerã, Hanera, Panenoá | Tucanoan |  | 34 (2005) | 34 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Desano | Desana, Dessano, Wira, Umúkomasá | Tucanoan |  | 2,204 (2005) | 700 | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Karapanã | Carapanã, Muteamasa, Ukopinõpõna | Tucanoan |  | 63 (2005) | 63 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Kotiria | Wanano, Wanana, Guanano, Uanano | Tucanoan |  | 735 (2005) | 650 | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Kubeo | Cubeo, Cobewa, Kubéwa, Pamíwa | Tucanoan |  | 381 (2005) | 150–200 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Makuna | Macuna, Yeba-Masã | Tucanoan |  | 32 (2005) | 32 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Mirity-Tapuya | Miriti-Tapuia, Buia-Tapuya | Tucanoan |  | 75 (2005) | 0? | possibly extinct |  Brazil |
Piratapuya | Piratapuia, PiraTapuia, Piratapuyo, Waíkana | Tucanoan |  | 1,433 (2005) | 700 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Siriano | Siria-Masã | Tucanoan |  | 71 (2005) | 71? | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Tukano | Tucano, Yeʼpãmasa, Dasea | Tucanoan |  | 6,241 (2005) | 7,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Tuyuka | Tuyuca, Tuiuca, Dokapuara, Utapinõmakãphõná | Tucanoan |  | 825 (2005) | 800? | endangered |  Brazil | Colombia
Yurutí | Jurití | Tucanoan |  | ? | 0? | possibly extinct |  Brazil | Colombia
Karitiana |  | Tupían | Arikem | 320 (2005) | 320 | endangered |  Brazil |
Awetí | Aueti | Tupían | Awetí | 160 (2008) | 160 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Aruá |  | Tupían | Monde | 36 | 12 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Cinta Larga |  | Tupían | Monde | 645 | 645 | endangered |  Brazil |
Gavião | Gavião de Rondônia, Ikõlej, Ikõleey, Ikõro | Tupían | Monde | 523 (2004) | 523 | endangered |  Brazil |
Zoró | Pageyn | Tupían | Monde | 599 (2008) | 599 | endangered |  Brazil |
Paiter | Suruí-Paiter, Suruí de Rondônia | Tupían | Monde | 1,007 (2006) | 1,007 | endangered |  Brazil |
Salamãi | Sanamãika, Mondé | Tupían | Monde | ? | 2 | moribund |  Brazil |
Kuruaya | Kuruaia, Curuaia | Tupían | Mundurukú | 129 (2006) | 3 | moribund |  Brazil |
Mundurukú | Mundurucú | Tupían | Mundurukú | 10,065 (2002) | 8,000 | endangered |  Brazil |
Puruborá |  | Tupían | Puruborá | 62 (2006) | 2 | moribund |  Brazil |
Karo | Arara, Arara Karo, Arara de Rondônia, Arara Tupi, Ntogapíd, Itoga-púk, Ramarama, Uruku, Urumi, Ytangá | Tupían | Ramaraman | 208 (2006) | 200 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Sateré-Mawé | Sataré-Maué, Sateré, Mawé | Tupían | Sateré-Mawé | 9,156 (2008) | 6,219 | endangered |  Brazil |
Ajurú | Wayurú, Wayoró | Tupían | Tuparían | 94 (2006) | 8 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Akuntsú | Akuntʼsu, Akunsu | Tupían | Tuparían | 5 (2009) | 5 | moribund |  Brazil |
Makurap | Macurap | Tupían | Tuparían | 381 (2006) | 50 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Sakurabiat | Mekens, Mekém, Sakirabiat | Tupían | Tuparían | 84 (2006) | 22 (2008) | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Tuparí |  | Tupían | Tuparían | 433 (2006) | 150 (2005) | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Amanayé | Amanaié, Ararandeuara | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 192 (2001) | 0? | possibly extinct |  Brazil |
Anambé |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 132 (2000) | 6 (2000) | moribund |  Brazil |
Apiaká | Apiacá | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,000 (2009) | – | extinct (2011) |  Brazil |
Araweté | Araueté | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 339 (2006) | 339 | endangered |  Brazil |
Akwawa | varieties: Asuriní do Tocantins, Parakanã, Suruí do Tocantins | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,548 | 1,548 | endangered |  Brazil |
Asuriní do Tocantins |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 384 (2006) | 384 | endangered |  Brazil |
Parakanã | Apiterewa | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 900 (2004) | 900 | endangered |  Brazil |
Suruí do Tocantins |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 264 (2006) | 264 | endangered |  Brazil |
Asuriní do Xingu | Awaeté | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 125 (2006) | 125 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Avá-Canoeiro | Canoeiro, Carijó, Índios Negros, Cara Preta | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 16 | 16? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Diahoi | Jiahui, Jahói, Djahui, Diahkoi, Diarroi | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 88 | 1 | moribund |  Brazil |
Guajá | Awá, Avá | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 283 (2005) | 283 | endangered |  Brazil |
Guajajara | Tenetehára, Zeʼegete | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 19,471(2006) | 14,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil |
Juma | Yuma | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 12 (2024) | 3 (2024) | moribund |  Brazil |
Kaʼapor | Urubu-Kaapor, Kaaporté | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 991 (2006) | 991 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kayabí | Kaiabí, Caiabí | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,619 (2006) | 1,000 | endangered |  Brazil |
Kaiowa | Kaiova, Paï-Tavyterã | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 20,000 (2003) | most? | endangered |  Brazil | Paraguay
Kamaiurá | Camaiurá | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 492 (2006) | 400 (2008) | endangered |  Brazil |
Karipuna dialect (pt) (part of the Kagwahiva languages) |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 14 (2004) | 10 | moribund |  Brazil |
Kokama | Kocama, Cocama | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 9,000(2003) | 5 (1993) | moribund |  Brazil | Peru, Colombia
Mbyá |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 6,000 (2003) | 6,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Argentina, Paraguay
Ñandeva | Ava-Guaraní or Chiripá in Paraguay | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 13,000 (2008) | 13,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Paraguay
Nheengatu | Yeral, Língua Geral, Língua Geral Amazônica | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían |  | 3,000 (1977) | endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Omagua | Kambeba, Kambewa, Cambeba | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 347 | few? | moribund |  Brazil | Peru
Parintintin | Kagwahiwa | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 284 (2006) | 10 | moribund |  Brazil |
Tapirapé | Tapiʼirape | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 564 (2006) | 564 | endangered |  Brazil |
Tembé | Timbé, Tenetehára, Turiwara | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,425 (2006) | 60 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Tenharim | Kagwahiwa | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 699 (2006) | 350 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Tupinamba | Coastal Tupi | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 2,590 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau | Amondawa, Jupaú, Kawahíb | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 183 (2006) | 183 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Wajãpi | Wayãpy, Waiãpi, Guaiapi, Wayampi, Oyampi | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 905 (2008) | 905 | endangered |  Brazil | French Guiana
Xetá | Hetá | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 86 (2006) | 2 (2014) | moribund |  Brazil |
Zoʼé | Poturu, Joʼé | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 177 (2003) | 177 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Xipaya | Xipaia, Shipaya | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 595 (2002) | 2 (2003) | moribund |  Brazil |
Yudjá | Yuruna, Juruna, Jurûna | Tupían | Yuruna | 362 (2006) | 300? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Witoto | Huitoto, Uitoto | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 42 | ? | possibly extinct (in Brazil) |  Brazil | Peru, Colombia
Miranha | Mirãnha, Miraña | Witotoan | Boran | 836 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil | Colombia
Sánuma | Sanïma, Sánïma, Sánema | Yanomaman |  | 462 (2006) | 462 | endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Yanam | Ninam, Xirianá | Yanomaman |  | 466 (2006) | 466 | seriously endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Yanomam | Yanomae | Yanomaman |  | 4,000 (2006) | 4,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Yanomami | Yanomamï, Yanomamõ, Yanomama, Yanoama | Yanomaman |  | 6,000 (2006) | 6,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Venezuela
Chamacoco | Ishir | Zamucoan |  | 1,572 (2002) | 1,572 | endangered |  Brazil | Paraguay
Aikanã | Aikaná, Masaká, Kasupá, Huarí, Mondé, Tubarão | Isolate |  | 200 | 150 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Atikum | Aticum, Wamoé | Isolate |  | 5,852 (1999) | – | extinct (1960s) |  Brazil |
Iranxe | Irantxe, Manoki | Isolate |  | 276 (2006) | 10 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Myky | Menky, Munku | Isolate |  | 80 (2000) | 80? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Kanoê | Canoé, Kapixaná | Isolate |  | 95 (2002) | 3 | moribund |  Brazil |
Kwazá | Koaiá, Coaiá, Quaia | Isolate |  | 40 (2008) | 25 | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Ticuna | Tikuna, Tukuna, Magüa | Isolate |  | 35,000 (2008) | 35,000 | potentially endangered |  Brazil | Colombia, Peru
Trumai |  | Isolate |  | 147 (2006) | 51 (2007) | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Tuxá |  | Isolate |  | 3,927 | 2 (1961) | extinct (1960s) |  Brazil |
Arara do Aripuanã | Arara do Beiradão, Arara do Rio Branco | Unclassified |  | 209 (2005) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Isolados do Massaco |  | Unclassified |  | 100? | 100? | seriously endangered |  Brazil |
Isolados do Tanarú |  | Unclassified |  | 1 | – | extinct (2022) |  Brazil |
Kambiwá | Cambiuá | Unclassified |  | 2,820 | 2 (1961) | extinct |  Brazil |
Kantaruré |  | Unclassified |  | 493 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Kapinawá | Capinauá | Unclassified |  | 3,294 | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Kariri | Cariri, Kipeá, Kiriri, Dzubukuá; Tumbalalá | Unclassified |  | ? 1,469 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Kiriri | Katembri, Kariri, Kariri de Mirandela | Unclassified |  | 1,612 | 1 (1960s) | extinct |  Brazil |
Máku | Macu, Mako | Unclassified |  | ? | – | extinct (2000) |  Brazil |
Pankararu | Pancararu, Pankararé | Unclassified |  | 6,515 | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Potiguara | Potyguara | Unclassified |  | 11,424 | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Tapeba | Tapebano, Perna-de-Pau | Unclassified |  | 5,741 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Tingui-Botó |  | Unclassified |  | 302 | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Tremembé |  | Unclassified |  | 2,049 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Truká |  | Unclassified |  | 4,169 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Wassú |  | Unclassified |  | 1,560 (2003) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Xokó | Chocó | Unclassified |  | 364 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Kariri-Xocó |  | Unclassified |  | 1,763 (2000) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Xukuru-Kariri |  | Unclassified |  | 2,652 (2006) | – | extinct |  Brazil |
Xukuru |  | Unclassified |  | 9,064 (2006) | – | extinct (early 1960s) |  Brazil |
Huilliche | Chesungun | Araucanian |  | 2,000 (1982) | few elders | moribund |  Chile |
Mapudungun | Mapuche | Araucanian |  | 604,349 | 250,000 | endangered |  Chile | Argentina
Aymara |  | Aymaran |  | 48,501 | 24,000 | endangered |  Chile | Bolivia, Peru, Argentina
Selkʼnam | Ona | Chonan |  | – | – | extinct |  Chile | Argentina †
Quechua |  | Quechuan |  | 6,175 | 1,000 ? | endangered |  Chile | Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia
Kunza | Atacameño, Likan Antai, Ulipe, Lipe | Isolate |  | 21,015 | – | extinct (1960) |  Chile | Argentina †, Bolivia †
Yahgan | Yámana, Háusi Kútə | Isolate |  | 1685 / 70 | – | extinct (2022) |  Chile | Argentina †
Kawésqar | Qawasqar, Alacaluf | Isolate |  | 2622 / 101 | 20 | moribund |  Chile |
Achagua |  | Arawakan |  | 283 (2001) | 283 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela †
Baniva | Baniva del Guainía | Arawakan |  | ? | few? | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela, Brazil
Cabiyarí | Kabiyari, Kawiyarí, Kawiri, Cauyari, Cabuyari | Arawakan |  | 311 (2001) | 311 | seriously endangered |  Colombia |
Curripaco | Curripaco-Baniva, Kurripako, Baniva del Isana | Arawakan |  | 7,827 (2001) | 7,000? | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela, Brazil
Wayuunaiki | Guajiro, Goajiro | Arawakan |  | 149,827 (2001) | 149,827 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Piapoco | Piapoko, Tsáçe | Arawakan |  | 4,926 (2001) | 4,926 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Tariana | Tariano | Arawakan |  | 445 (2001) | 0? | possibly extinct |  Colombia | Brazil
Yucuna-Matapí | Yukuna | Arawakan |  | 770 (221) | 770 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil?
Awa Pit | Awapit, Awá, Awa-Cuaiquer, Cuaiquer, Kwaiker | Barbacoan |  | 15,364 (2001) | < 15,364 | endangered |  Colombia | Ecuador
Guambiano | Coconuco, Guanaca | Barbacoan |  | 23,462 (2001) | 23,462 | endangered |  Colombia |
Totoró |  | Barbacoan |  | 4,130 (2001) | extinct | extinct |  Colombia |
Carijona | Karijona, Tsahá | Cariban |  | 307 (2001) | < 10 | moribund |  Colombia |
Opón-Carare |  | Cariban |  | ? | – | extinct |  Colombia |
Yuko | Yukpa, Yucpa, Japrería | Cariban |  | 3,651 (2001) | 3,651 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Arhuaco | Ika, Ijka, Bíntukua | Chibchan |  | 14,799 (2001) | 14,799 | potentially endangered |  Colombia |
Barí | Motilón | Chibchan |  | 3,617 (2001) | 3,617 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Chimila | Ette Taara | Chibchan |  | 900 (2001) | 900 | endangered |  Colombia |
Cuna | Kuna, Tule | Chibchan |  | 1,231 (2001) | 1,231 | endangered |  Colombia | PA
Damana | Sanka, Malayo, Arsario, Wiwa | Chibchan |  | 1,922 (2001) | 1,922 | endangered |  Colombia |
Kogui | Kawgian, Kággaba, Kogi | Chibchan |  | 9,911 (2001) | 9,911 | potentially endangered |  Colombia |
Uwa-Tunebo | Uw Kuwa, Uʼwa | Chibchan |  | 7,231 (2001) | 7,231 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela †
Emberá | Pede Epenã, Epérã Pedée, Pede, Chamí, Catío, Katío, Sambú | Chocoan |  | 88,747 (2001) | 88,747? | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Ecuador, PA
Waunana | Waunán, Waunméu, Waumeo, Chocó, Noanama | Chocoan |  | 8,177 | 8,177 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | PA
Zenú |  | Chocoan |  | 34,566 | – | extinct |  Colombia |
Cuiba | Cuiva, Kuiva | Guahiboan |  | 2,445 (2001) | 2,445 | endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Sikuani | Hiwi, Jive, Guahibo, Vichadeño, Amorúa, Tigrero | Guahiboan |  | 23,006 (2001) | 23,006 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Guayabero | Mitua, Jiw | Guahiboan |  | 1,118 (2001) | 1,118 | endangered |  Colombia |
Hitnu | Jitnu, Macaguane-Hitnu | Guahiboan |  | 441 (2001) | 441? | endangered |  Colombia |
Pepojivi | Playero, Guahibo Playero | Guahiboan |  | < 200 (1982) | < 200 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Hup | Hupda, Hupdë | Nadahup |  | 235 | 235 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Kakua | Cakua | Nadahup |  | 220 | 220 | seriously endangered |  Colombia |
Nukak |  | Nadahup |  | 390 | 390 | endangered |  Colombia |
Yuhup | Yuhuo Makú | Nadahup |  | 200 | 200 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Yagua | Yawa | Peba-Yaguan |  | 297 (2001) | 297 | endangered |  Colombia | Peru
Inga | Ingano | Quechuan |  | 19,079 (2001) | 8,000 | endangered |  Colombia |
Piaroa |  | Sáliba-Piaroan |  | 773 (2001) | 773 | endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Sáliba | Sáliva | Sáliba-Piaroan |  | 1,929 (2001) | < 1,929 | endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Bará | Waimaja, Waimasa, Waymasa, Waimaha, Barasano del Norte | Tucanoan |  | 109 (2001) | 109 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Barasana | Barasano, Barasano del Sur, Pãnerã, Banera Yae | Tucanoan |  | 1,890 (1997) | 1,890 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Carapana | Karapana | Tucanoan |  | 464 (2001) | 464 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Cubeo | Kubeo | Tucanoan |  | 6,647 (2001) | 6,647 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Desano |  | Tucanoan |  | 2,457 (2001) | 2,457 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Koreguaje | Coreguaje, Koʼreuaju | Tucanoan |  | 2,212 (2001) | 2,212 | endangered |  Colombia |
Macaguaje | Makaguaje | Tucanoan |  | 50 (2001) | 0? | possibly extinct |  Colombia |
Macuna | Makuna | Tucanoan |  | 1,009 (2001) | 1,009 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Piratapuyo | Piratapuya | Tucanoan |  | 630 (2001) | 630 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Pisamira | Pápiwa | Tucanoan |  | 61 (2001) | 25 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Siona | SionaSecoya | Tucanoan |  | 734 (2001) | 500 (2003) | endangered |  Colombia | Ecuador, Peru
Siriano |  | Tucanoan |  | 749 (2001) | 749 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Taiwano | Taibano, Eduria | Tucanoan |  | 22 (2001) | 22 | moribund |  Colombia |
Tanimuca-Letuama | Opaina, Ufaina, Retuarã | Tucanoan |  | 1,952 (2001) | < 1,952 | endangered |  Colombia |
Tatuyo |  | Tucanoan |  | 331 (2001) | 331 | endangered |  Colombia |
Tucano |  | Tucanoan |  | 6,996 (2001) | 6,996 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Tuyuca |  | Tucanoan |  | 642 (2001) | 642 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Wanano | Guanano, Kotiria | Tucanoan |  | 1,395 (2001) | 1,395 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Yauna |  | Tucanoan |  | 103 (2001) | 103? | seriously endangered |  Colombia |
Yurutí |  | Tucanoan |  | 687 (2001) | 687 | endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Cocama | Kokama, Cocama, Cocamilla | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 792 (2001) | few semi-speakers | moribund |  Colombia | Peru, Brazil
Nonuya |  | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 228 (2001) | 2 | moribund |  Colombia |
Ocaina |  | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 137 | 137 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Peru
Witoto | Witoto, Witoto Murui, Witoto Mïnïca, Witoto Muinane | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 7,343 | 7,343 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Peru, Brazil †?
Bora |  | Witotoan | Boran | 701 (2001) | <500 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Peru
Miraña |  | Witotoan | Boran | 715 (2001) | <100 | seriously endangered |  Colombia | Brazil
Muinane | Bora Muinane | Witotoan | Boran | 547 | 50–100? | seriously endangered |  Colombia |
Aʼingae | Cofán, Kofán | Isolate |  | 1,143 (2000) | 379 (2008) | endangered |  Colombia | Ecuador
Andoke | Andoque | Isolate |  | 597 (2001) | 597 | endangered |  Colombia |
Kamsá | Camsá, Kamëntsa | Isolate |  | 4,773 (2001) | 4,773 | potentially endangered |  Colombia |
Nasa Yuwe | Paéz | Isolate |  | 138,501 (2001) | 60,000 | endangered |  Colombia |
Ticuna | Tikuna | Isolate |  | 7,102 (2001) | 7,102 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Peru, Brazil
Tinigua |  | Isolate |  | 1? | 1 (2008) | moribund |  Colombia |
Carabayo | Yuri | Unclassified |  | 217 (2001) | 217 | seriously endangered |  Colombia |
Wãnsöhöt | Puinave | Unclassified |  | 6,604 (2001) | 6,604 | potentially endangered |  Colombia | Venezuela
Awapit |  | Barbacoan |  | 3,283 | 2,100 | endangered |  Ecuador | Colombia
Chaʼpalaa | Chaʼpalaachi, Chachi, Cayapa | Barbacoan |  | 5,465 | 5,871 | endangered |  Ecuador |
Tsafiqui | Tsafiki, Tsáchila, Tsachela, Colorado | Barbacoan |  | 1,484 | 1,872 | endangered |  Ecuador |
Epera Pedede | Êpera, Epena Pedee, Siapedie, Emberá, Emberá del Sur, Emberá Chami | Chocoan |  | 65 | 52 | seriously endangered |  Ecuador | Colombia
Achuar-Shiwiara | Achiar Chicham | Jivaroan |  | 2,404 | 2,943 | endangered |  Ecuador | Peru
Shiwiar Chicham |  | Jivaroan |  | 612 | 579 | endangered |  Ecuador |
Shuar | Chicham | Jivaroan |  | 52,697 | 42,261 | potentially endangered |  Ecuador |
Quichua | Cañar, Azuay, Cotopaxo, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, Imbabura, Loza, Napo, Pastaza, and Salasaca dialects | Quechuan |  | 408,395 | 451,783 | potentially endangered |  Ecuador | Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia
Secoya | Siona-Secoya, Pai Coca | Tucanoan |  | 240 | 85 | seriously endangered |  Ecuador | Colombia, Peru
Pai Coca | Siona, Kokakañú | Tucanoan |  | 304 | 260 | seriously endangered |  Ecuador |
Teteté |  | Tucanoan |  | – | – | extinct (1974) |  Ecuador |
Záparo | Kayapi | Zaparoan |  | 346 | 176 | seriously endangered |  Ecuador |
Aʼingae | Cofán | Isolate |  | 1,044 | 638 | endangered |  Ecuador | Colombia
Huao | Wao, Waorani, Waotededo, Wao Tiriro, Auca, Sabela | Isolate |  | 1,534 | 1,616 | endangered |  Ecuador |
Lokono | Arawak | Arawakan |  | 15,500 (2000) | 1,500 | seriously endangered |  Guyana | Suriname, French Guiana, Venezuela
Wapishana |  | Arawakan |  | 6,900 (2000) | < 6,900 | endangered |  Guyana | Brazil
Mawayana |  | Arawakan |  | ? | few rememberers | extinct |  Guyana | Suriname, Brazil †
Akawayo | Kapon | Cariban |  | 5,000 (2000) | < 5,000 | endangered |  Guyana | Venezuela, Brazil
Arekuna | Pemon | Cariban |  | 400–500 | 400–500 | endangered |  Guyana | Venezuela, Brazil
Kariʼna | Carib | Cariban |  | 3,000 (2000) | few hundred | seriously endangered |  Guyana | French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil
Makushi | Pemon | Cariban |  | 7,750 (2000) | < 7,750 | endangered |  Guyana | Venezuela, Brazil
Patamona | Kapon | Cariban |  | 5,000 (2000) | < 5,000 | endangered |  Guyana | Venezuela, Brazil
Waiwai |  | Cariban |  | 240 | 240 | seriously endangered |  Guyana | Brazil
Warao |  | Isolate |  | 5,000 (2000) | few | seriously endangered |  Guyana | Venezuela, Brazil
Taruma | Saluma, Saloema, Charuma | Unclassified |  | ? | few | moribund |  Guyana | Suriname †, Brazil †
Lokono | Arawak | Arawakan |  | 2,000 | 500-700 | endangered |  Suriname | French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
Mawayana |  | Arawakan |  | 60-80 | < 5 | moribund |  Suriname |
Akuriyo |  | Cariban |  | 40-50 | 3 | moribund |  Suriname |
Kariʼna | Carib | Cariban |  | 3,000 | 1,200 | seriously endangered |  Suriname | Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil
Sikïiyana |  | Cariban |  | 60-70 | < 12 | moribund |  Suriname |
Trio |  | Cariban |  | 1,300 | 1,300 | endangered |  Suriname | Brazil
Tunayana | Katuena | Cariban |  | 80-90 | 10 | moribund |  Suriname |
Wayana |  | Cariban |  | 450 | 450 | endangered |  Suriname | French Guiana, Brazil
Arawak | Lokono | Arawakan |  | 1,500 | 375 | seriously endangered |  French Guiana | Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela
Palikur |  | Arawakan |  | 1,500 | < 1500 | endangered |  French Guiana | Brazil
Aparaí |  | Cariban |  | ? | few | seriously endangered |  French Guiana | Brazil
Galibi | Kariʼna, Kaliʼna | Cariban |  | 4,000 | 2,400 | endangered |  French Guiana | Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil
Wayana |  | Cariban |  | 1,000 | 1,000 | endangered |  French Guiana | Suriname, Brazil
Emérillon | Teko | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 400 | 400 | endangered |  French Guiana |
Wayãpi | Wajãpi, Wayampi | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 750 | 750 | endangered |  French Guiana | Brazil
Angaité |  | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 3,730 | 1,030 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Enlhet | Enlhet Norte, Enslet, Enthlit, Enlhet-Lengua, Lengua | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 7,316 | 6,439 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Enxet | Enxet Sur | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 5,930 | 3,842 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Guaná | Kashika | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 258 | 29 | seriously endangered |  Paraguay |
Sanapaná | Saʼapan, Kasnapan | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 2,327 | 984 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Toba-Enenlhet | including Toba-Maskoy | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 1,509 | 1,253 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Toba-Maskoy |  | Enlhet-Enenlhet |  | 764 | 12 | moribund |  Paraguay |
Toba-Qom | Qom-Lik, Emok-Lik, Takshika, Toba in Argentina | Guaicuruan |  | 1,499 | 1,183 | endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina
Maká | Maca | Matacoan |  | 1,307 | 1,042 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Manjuy | Manjui, Chorote in Argentina; three varieties: Iyoʼwuhwa, Iyojwaʼja [Yohwaha], and Montaraz [Wikinawos, Manjuy] | Matacoan |  | 452 | 365 | endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina
Nivaclé | Nivaklé, Chulupí, Ashluslay | Matacoan |  | 12,169 | 10,109 | endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina
Aché | Axé, Aché-Guayaki, Guayakí | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,242 | 911 | endangered |  Paraguay |
Ava-Guaraní | Chiripá, Ava-Chiripá, Chiripá-Guaraní, Avakatu-ete, Ñandeva in Brazil | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 13,872 | 6,308 | endangered |  Paraguay | Brazil
Guaraní-Ñandeva | Ñandeva, Tapieté | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 2,021 | 1,550 | endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina, Bolivia
Guaraní Occidental | Ava-Guaraní in Argentina, Guaraní (Chiriguano) in Bolivia | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 2,359 | 574 | seriously endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina, Bolivia
Mbyá |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 14,624 | 10,016 | endangered |  Paraguay | Argentina, Brazil
Pãi-Tavyterã | Kaiova, Kaiowa, Avá | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 13,391 | 6,364 | endangered |  Paraguay | Brazil
Ayoreo | Moro, Pyta Jovai | Zamucoan |  | 2,100 | 1,756 | endangered |  Paraguay | Bolivia
Chamacoco | Ishir, Yshyrö; 2 varieties: Ybytoso, Ybytoso | Zamucoan |  |  |  |  |  Paraguay |
Ybytoso |  | Zamucoan |  | 1,553 | 1,174 | endangered |  Paraguay | Brazil
Tamárâho |  | Zamucoan |  | 106 | 85 | endangered |  Paraguay | Brazil
Madija | Madiha, Kulina, Kurina | Arawan |  | 300 | 300 | endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Asháninca | Asháninka | Arawakan |  | 88,703 (2007) | 88,703 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Ashéninca | Ashéninka, Axininca, Ashéninca Pajonal | Arawakan |  | 20,000 | 20,000 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Campa Caquinte | Poyenisati | Arawakan |  | 500 | 500 | endangered |  Peru |
Chamicuro | Chamekolo | Arawakan |  | 126 (1993) | 8 (2008) | moribund |  Peru |
Iñapari |  | Arawakan |  | 68 (1993) | 4 (1998) | moribund |  Peru |
Machiguenga | Matsiguenga, Matsigenka, Niagantsi | Arawakan |  | 8,679 (1993) | 5,000 | endangered |  Peru |
Nanti | Cugapacori, Kugapakori | Arawakan |  | 450 | 450 | endangered |  Peru |
Nomatsiguenga | Inato, Inaʼo, Inthome, Intsome | Arawakan |  | 5,531 (1993) | 5,531 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Resígaro |  | Arawakan |  | 14 (1993) | 1 (2017) | moribund |  Peru |
Yanesha | Amuesha | Arawakan |  | 10,000 | 8,000 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Yine | Piro, Apurinã, Yinerï Tokanï | Arawakan |  | 2,553 (1993) | 2,553 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Aymara |  | Aymaran |  | 434,372 (2007) | < 434,372 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Cauqui |  | Aymaran |  | ? | 9 (2005) | moribund |  Peru |
Jaqaru | or Cauqui | Aymaran |  | 3,000? | 725? | endangered |  Peru |
Shawi | Chayahuita | Cahuapanan |  | 21,424 (2007) | 14,000 | endangered |  Peru |
Shiwilu | Jebero, Xebero | Cahuapanan |  | 642 (1993) | < 30 | seriously endangered |  Peru |
Harakmbut | Harakmbut Hate, Harakmbut Ate, Amarakaeri | Harakmbut-Katukinan |  | 1,206 (1993) | 1,206 | endangered |  Peru |
Cholón | or Seeptsá | Hibitocholonan |  | ? | 2 (1986) | possibly extinct |  Peru |
Achuar-Shiwiar | Shiwiar-Maina | Jivaroan |  | 2,500 (2008) | 2,500 | endangered |  Peru | Ecuador
Awajún | Aguajún, Ahuajún, Aguaruna | Jivaroan |  | 55,366 (2007) | 55,366 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Huambisa |  | Jivaroan |  | 8,000 | 8,000 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Amahuaca | Ameuhaque, Amaguaco | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 247 (1993) | 100? | seriously endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Capanahua | Capabaquebo, Kapanawa, Capacho | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 275 (2006) | 100? | seriously endangered |  Peru |
Cashibo-Cacataibo | Uni | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 2,191 (1993) | 2,191 | endangered |  Peru |
Cashinahua | Caxinahua, Kaxinawa, Hantxa Kuin, | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 957 (1993) | 957 | endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Matsés | Matsés-Mayoruna, Mayoruna | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 2,500 | 2,500 | endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Nahua | Yura, Yora, Yurahahua | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 450 | 450 | endangered |  Peru | Bolivia
Sharanahua | Marinahua, Mastanahua, Parquenahua | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 438 | <438 | endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Shipibo-Konibo | Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 22,517 (2007) | 22,517 | endangered |  Peru |
Wariapano | Huariapano, Panobo | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | ? | – | probably extinct (1991) |  Peru |
Yaminahua |  | Pano-Tacanan | Panoan | 400 | 400 | endangered |  Peru | Bolivia, Brazil
Ese Ejja | Huarayo, Guarayo, Chama | Pano-Tacanan | Tacanan | 782 (1993) | 782 | endangered |  Peru | Bolivia
Yagua | Yawa, Iahua | Peba-Yaguan |  | 5,000 | 4,000 | endangered |  Peru | Colombia
Quechua |  | Quechuan |  | 3,262,137 (2007) | < 3,262,137 | potentially endangered |  Peru | Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
Orejón | Maihuna, Coto, Payagua, Tutapi | Tucanoan |  | 300 | 100 | seriously endangered |  Peru |
Secoya | Siona-Secoya | Tucanoan |  | 329 (1993) | 329 | endangered |  Peru | Ecuador
Cocama-Cocamilla | Xibitoana, Huallaga, Pampadeque | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 10,705 | 1,000 | seriously endangered |  Peru | Colombia, Brazil
Omagua |  | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 630 (1976) | 2 (2010) | moribund |  Peru | Brazil
Huitoto | Witoto | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 3,000 | 1,000 | endangered |  Peru | Colombia, Brazil †?
Ocaina |  | Witotoan | Witotoan proper | 150 | 50 | seriously endangered |  Peru | Colombia
Bora |  | Witotoan | Boran | 3,000 | 2,000 | endangered |  Peru | Colombia, Brazil
Andoa-Shimigae |  | Zaparoan |  | ? | 2 (2008) | moribund |  Peru | Ecuador
Arabela | Chiripuno | Zaparoan |  | 500 | 50 (2001) | seriously endangered |  Peru |
Cahuarano | Cahuarana | Zaparoan |  | ? | 5 (1975) | extinct |  Peru |
Iquito | Amacacore, Quiturran, Puca-Uma | Zaparoan |  | 500 | 25–50 | seriously endangered |  Peru |
Candoshi | Candoshi-Shapra | Isolate |  | 1,586 (1993) | 1,586 | endangered |  Peru |
Munichi | Muniche | Isolate |  | ? | 8 (2008) | moribund |  Peru |
Ticuna |  | Isolate |  | 8,000 | 8,000 | potentially endangered |  Peru | Brazil, Colombia
Urarina | Kacha Ere, Shimacu, Itucale, Cimarrón | Isolate |  | 2,000 (2003) | 2,000 | potentially endangered |  Peru |
Vacacocha | Aushiri | Isolate |  | ? | 2? (2008) | moribund |  Peru |
Aguano |  | Unclassified (Arawakan)? |  | 40 families (1959) | – | extinct |  Peru |
Culle | Culli | Unclassified |  | – | – | extinct (1950s) |  Peru |
Mashco | Mashco-Piro | Unclassified |  | 200–600 | 200–600 | endangered |  Peru | Brazil
Taushiro | Pinche | Unclassified |  | 20 | 1 (2008) | moribund |  Peru |
Achagua |  | Arawakan |  | – | – | extinct |  Venezuela | Colombia
Añu | Paraujano | Arawakan |  | 11,205 (2001) | 20 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela |
Baniva | Baníwa, Banibo, Baniva-Yavitero, Baniva del Guainía | Arawakan |  | 2,408 (2001) | 608 | endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia, Brazil
Baré |  | Arawakan |  | 2,815 (2001) | 239 / few | moribund |  Venezuela | Brazil
Kurripako | Curripaco, Wakuénai, Baniva-Kurripako, Baniwa del Isana | Arawakan |  | 4,925 (2001) | 3,743 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia, Brazil
Lokono | Arhwak, Aruaco | Arawakan |  | 428 (2001) | 130 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
Mandahuaca | Mandawaka | Arawakan |  | ? | – | possibly extinct |  Venezuela | Brazil
Piapoko | Piapoco, Tsáçe | Arawakan |  | 1,939 (2001) | 1,745 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Warekena | Guarequena | Arawakan |  | 513 (2001) | 160 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Wayuunaiki | Guajiro, Wayuu | Arawakan |  | 293,777 (2001) | 293,777 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Yavitero | Baniva-Yavitero, Banibo | Arawakan |  | ? | 1 (2000) | possibly extinct |  Venezuela |
Akawayo | Kapon | Cariban |  | 245 (2001) | 180 | endangered |  Venezuela | Guyana, Brazil
Chaima |  | Cariban |  | 4,084 (2001) | 63 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela |
Eʼñepa | Panare, Mapoyo | Cariban |  | 4,269 (2001) | 4,184 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela |
Kariña | Kariñá, Kariʼna, Galibi | Cariban |  | 16,686 (2001) | < 5,000 | endangered |  Venezuela | French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
Kumanagoto |  | Cariban |  | 553 (2001) | 49 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela |
Makushi | Macushi, Makuxi | Cariban |  | 83 (2001) | not known | endangered |  Venezuela | Guyana, Brazil
Mapoyo | Mapoio, Wánai | Cariban |  | 365 (2001) | 12 | moribund |  Venezuela |
Patamona | Kapón | Cariban |  | 200 | 200? | endangered |  Venezuela | Guyana, Brazil
Pemon | Arekuna, Taurepan(g), Kamarakoto | Cariban |  | 27,157 (2001) | 23,083 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Guyana, Brazil
Pémono |  | Cariban |  | ? | 1 | possibly extinct |  Venezuela |
Piritugoto |  | Cariban |  | 236 (2001) | 50 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela |
Yawarana | Yavarana, Yabarana | Cariban |  | 292 (2001) | 151 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela |
Yeꞌkuana | Yeʼkwana, Deʼkwana, Maquiritare, Maiongong | Cariban |  | 6,523 (2001) | 6,200 | endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Yukpa | Yucpa, Japrería | Cariban |  | 7,522 (2001) | < 7,522 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Barí | Motilón | Chibchan |  | 1,520 (1992) | 1,520 | endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Tunebo | Uwa-Tunebo | Chibchan |  | ? | ? | possibly extinct |  Venezuela | Colombia
Kuiva | Cuiva, Cuiba | Guahiboan |  | 454 (2001) | 440 | endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Hiwi | Jivi, Guahibo, Sikuani | Guahiboan |  | 14,750 (2001) | 12,000 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Pepojivi | Playero, Guahibo Playero | Guahiboan |  | 200 | 200 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Mako | Wirú, Wirö | Sáliba-Piaroan |  | 1,130 (2001) | most | endangered |  Venezuela |
Piaroa | Wothüha, Wotjüja, Wuʼtjuja | Sáliba-Piaroan |  | 14,494 (2001) | 13,000 | endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Sáliba | Sáliva | Sáliba-Piaroan |  | 265 (2001) | 36 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia
Yeral | Geral, Nheengatu, Ñengatú | Tupían | Tupí-Guaranían | 1,294 (2001) | 650 | endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Ninam | Yanam | Yanomaman |  | ? | ? | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Sanïma | Sanema, Sanuma | Yanomaman |  | 3,035 (2001) | 3,035 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Yanomae | Yanomam, Yanomamë, Yanomama | Yanomaman |  | ? | ? | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Yanomamï | Yanoamï, Yanoamae | Yanomaman |  | 12,234 (2001) | 12,234 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil
Hodï | Hoti, Jodi, Ho | Isolate |  | 767 (2001) | 767 | endangered |  Venezuela |
Pumé | Yaruro | Isolate |  | 8,222 | 7,400 | endangered |  Venezuela |
Sapé | Kariana, Kaliana, Caliana | Isolate |  | 20 (2008) | few elders | moribund |  Venezuela |
Uruak | Arutani, Awake | Isolate |  | 29 (2001) | 29 | seriously endangered |  Venezuela | Brazil?
Warao |  | Isolate |  | 36,028 (2001) | 32,400 | potentially endangered |  Venezuela | Guyana
Puinave | Wãnsöhöt | Unclassified |  | 1,307 (2001) | 550 | endangered |  Venezuela | Colombia

## Languages by classification

### Jolkesky (2016)

Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America – a total of 109 independent families and isolates.[2]: 783–806

Andoke-Urekena

* Andoke
* Urekena

Arawa

* Suruwaha
* Madi-Deni-Paumari
* Deni-Kulina: Deni; Kulina
* Madi-Arawa
* Arawa †
* Madi: Banawa; Jamamadi; Jarawara
* Paumari

Barbakoa

* Barbakoa, Southern
* Karanki †
* Kayapa
* Kijo †
* Tsafiki
* Barbakoa, Northern
* Kokonuko
* Kokonuko †
* Guambiano-Totoro: Guambiano; Totoro
* Pasto
* Awa Pit
* Barbakoa †
* Pasto †
* Sindagua †

Bora-Muinane

* Bora; Miraña
* Muinane

Chacha-Cholon-Hibito

* Chacha †
* Cholon
* Hibito †

Chapakura-Wañam

* Napeka
* Rokorona
* Chapakura-Kitemoka
* Chapakura †
* Kitemoka
* More-Tora
* More-Kuyubi
* Kuyubi-Kumana: Kumana; Kuyubi
* More
* Tora
* Kabixi
* Urupa-Wañam-Wari
* Urupa
* Urupa
* Yaru
* Wañam-Wari
* Wañam
* Wari-Win: Oro Eo; Oro Wari; Oro Win

Charrua

* Chana
* Guenoa †
* Minuan †

Chibcha

* Pech
* Votic
* Maleku
* Rama
* Wetar
* Isthmus
* Boruka-Talamanca
* Boruka
* Talamanca
* Teribe
* Bribri-Kabekar
* Bribri
* Kabekar
* Doraske-Changena
* Changena †
* Doraske
* Guaymi
* Buglere
* Ngäbe
* Kuna
* Kuna Paya-Pukuro
* Kuna San Blas
* Magdalena
* Barí
* Chimila
* Nutabe †
* Tunebo
* Muiska
* Guane †
* Muiska †
* Sierra de Santa Marta
* Kaggaba
* Wiwa-Ika
* Ika
* Kankuamo †
* Wiwa
* Tairona †

Choko

* Waunana
* Embera
* Embera, Southern: Embera Baudo; Embera Chami; Epena
* Embera, Northern: Embera Katio; Embera Darien

Chon

* Chon, Southern
* Haush †
* Selkʼnam
* Chon, Northern
* Tewelche
* Teushen †

Duho

* Tikuna-Yuri
* Karabayo
* Tikuna
* Yuri †
* Saliba-Hodi
* Hodi
* Saliba-Betoi
* Betoi †
* Saliba-Piaroa
* Saliba
* Piaroa-Mako
* Ature †
* Mako
* Piaroa

Guahibo

* Guahibo, Nuclear
* Kuiba
* Sikuani
* Playero
* Guayabero
* Hitnü

Harakmbet-Katukina

* Amarakaeri; Arasaeri; Sapiteri; Wachipaeri
* Katukina-Katawixi
* Katawixi
* Kanamari; Katukina

Jaqi

* Aymara
* Jaqaru
* Jaqaru
* Kawki

Jirajara †

* Ayoman †
* Gayon †
* Jirajara †

Jivaro

* Aguaruna
* Palta †
* Jivaro, Nuclear
* Achuar-Shiwiar
* Wambisa
* Shuar

Karib

* Karib, Western †
* Karare †
* Opon †
* Karib, Central
* Apalai
* Hianakoto
* Guake †
* Hianakoto-Umawa †
* Karihona
* Kariña
* Palmella †
* Tarano
* Akurio
* Tiriyo
* Wayana
* Karib, Southern
* Kuikuro
* Kalapalo
* Kuikuro
* Matipu
* Nahukwa
* Pekodi
* Arara-Ikpeng
* Arara
* Ikpeng
* Bakairi
* Pimenteira †
* Karib, Northern
* Parukoto
* Kashuyana
* Parukoto, Nuclear
* Hishkaryana
* Sikiana
* Waiwai
* Purukoto
* Kapong: Akawayo; Patamona
* Makushi
* Pemon: Arekuna; Ingariko; Kamarakoto; Taurepang
* Purukoto
* Venezuela
* De'kwana-Wayumara
* De'kwana
* Wayumara
* Eñepa
* Kumana
* Chayma
* Kumanagoto †
* Mapoyo-Yabarana
* Mapoyo
* Pemono
* Yabarana
* Tamanaku †
* Yao †
* Tiverikoto †
* Yao †
* Yawaperi-Paravilhana
* Sapara-Paravilhana
* Paravilhana
* Sapara
* Yawaperi
* Bonari †
* Waimiri-Atroari
* Yukpa-Japreria
* Japreria
* Yukpa

Kawapana

* Shawi
* Shiwilu

Kechua

* Kechua I
* Kechua Pacaraos
* Kechua I, Central
* Wallaga
* Kechua Ambo-Pasco
* Kechua Cajatambo
* Kechua Wallaga
* Kechua Wamalies
* Kechua Junin
* Kechua Tusi Pasco
* Wankay
* Kechua Waylla Wanka
* Kechua Jauja-Wanka
* Waylay
* Kechua Conchucos, Southern
* Kechua Conchucos, Northern
* Kechua Corongo
* Kechua Waylas
* Kechua Siwas
* Yauyos
* Kechua Yauyos
* Kechua II
* Kechua Chincha †
* Kechua Cusco, Classical †
* Kechua IIa
* Kechua Cajamarca-Lambayeque
* Kechua Cajamarca
* Kechua Lambayeque
* Kechua Laraos-Lincha
* Kechua Laraos
* Kechua Lincha
* Kechua IIb
* Kechua Chachapoyas
* Kechua San Martin
* Kichua, Equatorial
* Inga
* Kichua Chimborazo
* Kichua Imbabura
* Kichua Kañar-Loja
* Kichua Napo
* Kichua Pastaza
* Kichua Pichincha
* Kichua Salasaca
* Kichua Tena
* Kechua IIc
* Kechua Ayacucho
* Kechua Cusco-Boliviano
* Kechua Apolo
* Kechua Arequipa
* Kechua Boliviano
* Kechua Cusco, Modern
* Kechua Puno
* Kechua Santiagueño

Lengua-Maskoy

* Lengua: Enlhet; Enxet
* Maskoy
* Maskoy, Southern: Angaite; Sanapana
* Maskoy, Northern: Kaskiha; Maskoy

Macro-Arawak

* Kandoshi / Shapra
* Muniche
* Pukina †
* Arawak
* Yanesha
* Arawak, Western
* Aguachile †
* Chamikuro
* Mamoré-Paraguai
* Mamoré-Guaporé
* Mojo-Paunaka
* Mojo: Ignaciano; Trinitario
* Paunaka
* Baure-Paikoneka
* Baure: Baure; Joaquiniano; Muxojeone †
* Paikoneka †
* Terena: Chane †; Guana †; Kinikinau; Terena
* Negro-Putumayo
* Jumana-Pase: Jumana †; Pase †
* Kaishana †
* Nawiki
* Kabiyari
* Karu-Tariana
* Karu: Baniwa; Kuripako
* Tariana
* Mepuri †
* Piapoko-Achagua: Achagua; Piapoko
* Wainambu †
* Warekena-Mandawaka: Warekena; Mandawaka †
* Yukuna-Wainuma: Mariate †; Wainuma †; Yukuna
* Resigaro
* Wirina †
* Orinoco
* Yavitero-Baniva: Baniva; Yavitero †
* Maipure †
* Pre-Andine
* Ashaninka-Nomatsigenga: Ashaninka
* Ashaninka-Kakinte: Ashaninka
* Ashaninka-Asheninka
* Ashaninka
* Asheninka: Asheninka Pajonal; Asheninka Perene; Asheninka Pichis; Asheninka Ucayali; Ashininka
* Kakinte
* Machiguenga-Nanti: Machiguenga; Nanti
* Nomatsigenga
* Purus
* Apurinã
* Iñapari
* Piro-Manchineri: Kanamare †; Kuniba †; Manchineri; Mashko Piro; Yine
* Arawak, Eastern
* Lower Amazon
* Atlantic: Marawan †; Palikur
* Guaporé-Tapajós
* Saraveka †
* Tapajós: Enawene-Nawe; Paresi
* Xingu
* Kustenau †
* Waura-Mehinako: Mehinaku; Waura
* Yawalapiti
* Waraiku †
* Solimões-Caribbean: Marawan †; Palikur
* Marawa †
* Caribbean
* Kaketio †
* Wayuu-Añun
* Añun
* Wayuu
* Lokono-Iñeri
* Iñeri: Garifuna; Kalhiphona †
* Lokono
* Shebayo †
* Taino †
* Negro-Branco
* Arua †
* Mainatari †
* Negro
* Bare-Guinao: Bare; Guinao †
* Bawana-Kariai-Manao: Bawana †; Kariai †; Manao †
* Yabaana †
* Branco
* Mawayana
* Wapishana-Parawana: Aroaki †; Atorada; Parawana †; Wapishana

Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru

* Payagua †
* Guachi †
* Guaykuru
* Kadiweu
* Qom-Abipon
* Abipon †
* Qom
* Qom, Southern: Mokovi
* Qom, Northern: Pilaga; Toba
* Mataguayo
* Mataguayo, Western
* Chorote: Chorote Iyojwa'ja; Chorote Iyo'wujwa
* Wichi: Wichi Guisnay; Wichi Nokten; Wichi Vejoz
* Mataguayo, Eastern
* Maka
* Nivakle

Macro-Jê

* Borum
* Ofaye
* Rikbaktsa
* Yate
* Bororo
* Bororo
* Otuke †
* Umutina †
* Maxakali
* Malali †
* Maxakali-Pataxo
* Maxakali
* Pataxo †
* Kamakã †
* Masakara †
* Kamakã-Menien †
* Kamakã †
* Menien †
* Kariri †
* Dzubukuá †
* Kipeá †
* Xoko †
* Macro-Jê, Nuclear
* Besiro
* Jeoromitxi-Arikapu: Arikapu; Jeoromitxi
* Karaja: Javae; Karaja; Xambioa
* Jê
* Jê, Central
* Akroa †
* Xakriaba †
* Xavante
* Xerente
* Jeiko †
* Jê, Southern
* Ingain: Ingain †; Kimda †
* Kaingang-Xokleng
* Kaingang: Kaingang; Kaingang Paulista
* Xokleng
* Jê, Northern
* Apinaje
* Kayapo: Mẽbengokre; Xikrin
* Panara
* Suya-Tapayuna: Suya; Tapayuna
* Timbira: Apãniekra; Kraho; Krẽje †; Krĩkati; Parkateje; Pykobje; Ramkokamekra

Mapudungun

* Mapudungun, Nuclear
* Mapudungun
* Pewenche
* Rankelche
* Mapudungun, Southern: Williche
* Mapudungun, Northern
* Pikunche †
* Chango †

Moseten-Tsimane

* Moseten
* Tsimane

Mura-Matanawi

* Matanawi †
* Mura-Pirahã
* Mura: Bohura †; Mura †
* Pirahã

Nambikwara

* Sabane
* Nambikwara, Northern
* Guaporé: Mamainde; Negarote; Tawende
* Roosevelt: Lakonde; Latunde; Tawande
* Nambikwara, Southern
* Alantesu: Alantesu; Hahãintesu; Waikisu; Wasusu
* Halotesu: Halotesu; Kithãulhu; Wakalitesu; Sawentesu
* Manduka: Hukuntesu; Niyahlosu; Siwaisu
* Sarare

Otomako-Taparita †

* Otomako †
* Taparita †

Pano-Takana

* Takana
* Ese Ejja
* Kavineña-Takana
* Kavineña
* Takana
* Araona
* Maropa
* Takana
* Pano
* Pano, Northern
* Kulina (Pano)
* Korubo
* Matis
* Matses
* Pisabo
* Pano, Nuclear
* Kasharari
* Pano, Western
* Kashibo-Kakataibo: Kashibo; Kakataibo
* Nokaman †
* Pano, Central
* Purus
* Amawaka
* Kashinawa
* Yaminawa-Iskonawa-Marinawa: Iskonawa; Marinawa; Yaminawa; Yawanawa
* Jurua
* Kanamari (Pano)
* Katukina (Pano)
* Marubo
* Nukini-Remo
* Nukini
* Remo
* Poyanawa
* Atsawaka †
* Arazaeri †
* Atsawaka †
* Yamiaka †
* Chakobo
* Chakobo
* Karipuna (Pano)
* Pakawara
* Shipibo-Kapanawa
* Kapanawa
* Shipibo-Wariapano: Sensi †; Wariapano; Shipibo

Peba-Yagua

* Peba †
* Peba †
* Yameo †
* Yagua

Puinave-Nadahup

* Nadahup
* Nadëb: Nadëb do Rio Negro; Nadëb do Roçado
* Hup-Dâw
* Dâw
* Hup
* Hupda
* Yuhup
* Puinave-Kak
* Puinave
* Kak
* Kakwa
* Nukak

Puri †

* Coroado †
* Puri †

Tallan †

* Katakaos †
* Kolan †

Timote-Kuika

* Kuika †
* Mukuchi †
* Timote †

Tinigua-Pamigua

* Pamigua †
* Tinigua

Tukano

* Tukano, Western
* Kueretu †
* Tukano, Western, Nuclear
* Mai Huna
* Koreguaje-Pioje
* Koreguaje-Tama
* Koreguaje
* Tama †
* Pioje
* Makaguaje †
* Sekoya
* Siona
* Tetete †
* Tukano, Eastern
* Tanimuka-Retuarã-Yahuna: Tanimuka; Retuarã; Yahuna
* Tukano, Eastern, West
* Kubeo-Desano
* Kubeo
* Desano-Yupua
* Desano-Siriano: Desano; Siriano
* Yupua †
* Makuna-Barasano-Eduria: Makuna; Barasano; Eduria
* Tukano, Eastern, East
* Tukano-Tatuyo
* Tukano
* Tatuyo-Bara-Waimaha
* Tatuyo
* Bara-Waimaha: Bara; Waimaha
* Tuyuka-Wanano
* Wanano-Piratapuyu
* Wanano
* Piratapuyo
* Tuyuka-Karapanã
* Karapanã-Pisamira: Karapanã; Pisamira
* Tuyuka-Yuruti: Tuyuka; Yuruti

Tupi

* Arikem
* Arikem †
* Karitiana
* Monde
* Paiter
* Monde, Nuclear
* Monde
* Cinta-Larga-Zoro
* Arua
* Cinta-Larga
* Gavião-Zoro: Gavião; Zoro
* Ramarama-Purubora
* Purubora
* Ramarama: Karo; Urumi
* Tupari
* Makurap
* Tupari, Nuclear
* Sakurabiat-Akuntsu
* Akuntsu
* Sakurabiat
* Kepkiriwat †
* Tupari
* Wayoro
* Tupi, Nuclear
* Juruna
* Juruna
* Manitsawa †
* Shipaya
* Munduruku
* Kuruaya
* Munduruku
* Mawe-Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
* Satere-Mawe
* Aweti-Tupi-Guarani
* Aweti
* Tupi-Guarani
* Kamayura
* Kaapor-Ava
* Ava-Canoeiro
* Kaapor: Anambe †; Aura; Guaja; Takuñape †; Urubu-Kaapor
* Akwawa-Arawete
* Akwawa-Tapirape
* Akwawa: Asurini do Tocantins; Parakanã; Surui (Tupi-Guarani)
* Tapirape
* Arawete-Asurini
* Arawete: Amanaye †; Anambe; Ararandewara †; Arawete
* Asurini do Xingu
* Tupi-Guarani, Nuclear
* Tenetehara: Guajajara; Tembe; Turiwara †
* Kawahib-Kayabi
* Apiaka
* Juma
* Kayabi
* Kawahib: Amondawa; Karipuna (Tupi); Parintintin; Piripkura; Tukumanfed †; Uruewauwau; Wirafed
* Tupi-Guarani, Diasporic
* Guarani-Guarayu-Siriono
* Guarayu: Guarayu; Pauserna
* Siriono: Siriono; Jora †; Yuki
* Guarani
* Ache
* Guarani: Guarani, Classical †; Chiriguano; Chiripa
* Central: Guarani Paraguaio
* Western: Guarani Boliviano; Tapiete
* Eastern: Kayowa; Mbya; Ñandeva; Pai Tavytera; Sheta
* Tupinamba-Kokama
* Kokama-Omagua: Kokama; Kokamilla; Omagua
* Tupi: Tupi †; Tupi Austral †
* Tupinamba: Nhengatu; Tupinamba †
* Wayampi: Emerillon; Wayampi; Zo'e

Uru-Chipaya

* Chipaya
* Murato
* Uru / Uchumataqu

Warpe †

* Allentiak †
* Millkayak †

Witoto-Okaina

* Okaina: Okaina
* Witoto
* Witoto Nüpode
* Minika-Murui
* Witoto-Minika
* Witoto-Murui
* Nonuya

Yanomami

* Sanuma
* Yanam
* Yanomami, Central
* Yanomami-Yanomamï: Yanomam; Yanomamï
* Yaroame

Zamuko

* Ayoreo: Ayoreo; Zamuko †
* Chamakoko
* Tomaraho
* Ïbïtoso

Zaparo

* Zaparo, Western
* Arabela
* Zaparo
* Zaparo, Eastern
* Kawarano
* Ikito

Isolates

* Aikanã
* Andaki †
* Arara do Rio Branco
* Arutani
* Atakame †
* Atikum †
* Aushiri †
* Chono †
* Guamo †
* Guato
* Gününa Këna
* Iranche/Myky
* Itonama
* Kakan †
* Kamsa
* Kañari †
* Kanichana
* Kanoe
* Kawesqar
* Kayuvava
* Kerandi †
* Kimbaya †
* Kingnam †
* Kofan
* Komechingon †
* Koraveka †
* Kueva †
* Kulle †
* Kunza †
* Kuruminaka †
* Kwaza
* Leko
* Lule †
* Máku †
* Malibu †
* Mochika †
* Mokana †
* Morike †
* Movima
* Muzo-Kolima †
* Omurano
* Oti †
* Paez
* Panche †
* Pijao †
* Puruha †
* Sanaviron †
* Sape
* Sechura †
* Tarairiu †
* Taruma
* Taushiro
* Tekiraka
* Trumai
* Tuxa †
* Umbra
* Urarina
* Vilela
* Waorani
* Warao
* Xukuru †
* Yagan
* Yaruro
* Yurakare
* Yurumangui †
* Zenu †

### Campbell (2012)

| Parts of this social (those related to section) need to be updated. The reason given is: Campbell has published a newer classification. Please update this social to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2025)

|

See also: Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas § Campbell (2012)

Lyle Campbell (2012) proposed the following list of 53 uncontroversial indigenous language families and 55 isolates of South America – a total of 108 independent families and isolates.[3]

Aikaná (Aikanã, Huarí, Warí, Masaká, Tubarão, Kasupá, Mundé, Corumbiara)

* (dialect: Masaká (Massaca, Massaka, Masáca))

Andaquí †

Andoque (Andoke, Choʼoje, Patsiaehé)

Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipurean, Maipuran)

* Northern Arawakan (Upper Amazon, Maritime, and Eastern branches)
* Upper Amazon branch
* Western Nawiki sub-branch
* Wainumá group
* Wainumá † (Waima, Wainumi, Waiwana, Waipa, Yanuma)
* Mariaté †
* Anauyá †
* Piapoco group
* Achagua (Ajagua, Xagua)
* Piapoco
* Amarizana †
* Cabiyarí (Caviyarí, Kaviyarí, Cabiuarí, Cauyarí, Cuyare)
* Warekena group
* Guarequena (Warekena, Guarenquena, Arequena)
* Mandahuaca (Mandawaka, Mandauaca, Maldavaca, Ihini, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua)
* Río Negro group †
* Jumana †
* Pasé †
* Kawishana † (Cawishana, Kaiwishana, Kayuwishana)
* Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialects or languages)
* Yucuna (Chucuna, Matapí) (Jukuna)
* Garú † (Guarú)
* Eastern Nawiki sub-branch
* Tariana (Tariano, Tarîna, Taliáseri)
* Karu (dialects or languages)
* Ipeka-Kurripako (dialects or language)
* Karútana-Baniwa (Baniva) dialect group
* Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (dialects or language)
* Resígaro
* Central Upper Amazon sub-branch
* Baré group
* Marawá †
* Baré (Bare, Ihini, Barawana, Barauna, Barauana, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua), Guinao † (Guinaú) (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) mentions Guinau with Bare.)
* Yavitero group
* Yavitero † (Yavitano)
* Baniva †
* Maipure † (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) gives Yavitero and Baniwa of Yavita as alternative names for a single language.)
* Manao group
* Manao †
* Kariaí †
* Arawakan Upper-Amazon branch languages of uncertain grouping
* Waraikú †
* Yabaána † (Jabaana, Yabarana)
* Wiriná †
* Xiriâna † (Shiriana)
* Maritime branch (Caribbean)
* Aruán † (Aruá, Aroã)
* Mawayana (Mahuayana, Mapidian)
* Wapixana (Wapishana, Wapixiána, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana) (dialects or languages) (dialects: Amariba, Atorai)
* Ta-Maipurean sub-branch
* Taíno †
* Guajiro group
* Guajiro (Goahiro, Goajiro, Guajira, Wayuunaiki, Wayuu)
* Paraujano (Añún) (dialects: Alile, Toa)
* Arawak (Locono, Lokono, Aruak, Arowak)
* Iñeri (Igneri, Island Carib) (dialects or languages)
* Kalhíphona † (Island Carib)
* Garífuna (Black Carib)
* Eastern branch
* Palikur (Palikour, Palicur, Palijur) (dialects or languages)
* Marawán-Karipurá †
* Southern division
* Western branch
* Amuesha (Amuese, Amoesha, Amueixa, Amoishe, Amagues, Amage, Omage, Amajo, Lorenzo, Amuetamo, Amaje, Yanesha)
* Chamicuro (Chamicura, Chamicolo)
* Central branch
* Paresí group
* Paresí (Parecís, Paretí, Haliti)
* Saraveca † (Sarave)
* Waurá group
* Waurá-Meinaku (Uara, Aura, Mahinacu)
* Yawalapití (Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti)
* Custenau † (Kustenau)
* Southern Outlier branch
* Terena (Tereno, Terêna, Etelena, Guaná, Chané, Kinikinao) (dialects: Kinikanao, Etelena (Terena), Guaná)
* Mojo group
* Mojo (Morocosi, Mojeño, Moxeño, Moxo) (dialects or languages)
* Ignaciano
* Trinitario (dialects: Loreto (Loretano), Javierano)
* Bauré (Chiquimiti, Joaquiniano may be a dialect of Bauré)
* Paunaca (Pauna-Paicone (Paiconeca))
* Piro group
* Piro (dialects: Chontaquiro, Maniteneri, Maxineri)
* Iñapari (Inamarí) (dialects: Inapari/Inamarí, Cuchitineri (Kushitineri), Cuniba)
* Kanamaré † (Canamaré)
* Apuriná (Apurinã, Ipuriná, Kangite (Cangaiti), Popengare)
* Campa branch (Campa dialects or languages)
* Ashéninka (Ashéninga)
* Asháninka (Asháninga)
* Caquinte (Kakinte)
* Pajonal Ashéninka (Pajonal Campa)
* Machiguenga (Matsiguenga, Matsigenka) (dialects: Caquinte (Poyenisate), Nomatsiguenga (Atiri), Machiguenga)
* Nomatsigenga
* Nanti
* Other Arawakan languages too scantily known to determine to which branch of the family they belong:
* Cumeral (Ethnologue)
* Shebaya † (Shebayo, Shebaye) (David Payne 1991: 366–367)
* Lapachu (Apolista, Aguachile)
* Morique † (Morike)
* Ponares (Ethnologue)
* Omejes (Ethnologue)
* Salumã (Rodrigues 1986: 72)
* Tomedes (Tamudes)

Arawan (Arauán, Arahuan, Arawa)

* Paumarí (Purupurú, Pamarí, Palmarí, Curucuru) (dialects: Kurukuru, Uaiai, Paumarí (Pammari))
* Madi (Jarawara (Jarauára, Jaruára), Jamamadi, Banawá (Banivá, Baniwá-Jafí, Kitiya, Banavá, Banauá, Jafí))
* Zuruahá (Suruahá, Sorowahá)
* Dení-Kulina
* Dení (dialect: Inauini)
* Culina (Kulína; Madihá, Madija, Corina)
* Arawá † (Arua, Arauan)

Atacameño † (Cunza, Kunza, Atacama, Lipe Lican Antai)

* (local varieties: Apatama, Casabindo, Churumata, Cochinoca)

Awaké (Ahuaqué, Oewacu, Arutani, Uruák)

Aymaran (Jaqi, Aru)

* Southern Aymara
* Central Aymara (Tupe branch) (dialects: Jaqaru and Cauqui (Kawki))

Baenan † (Baena, Baenã)

Barbacoan

* Northern group
* Awan (Awa)
* Awa Pit (Cuaiquer, Coaiquer, Kwaiker, Awa)
* Pasto-Muellama
* Muellama † (Muellamués)
* Pasto †
* Coconucan (Guambiano-Totoró)
* Guambiano (Mogües, Moguez, Moguex, Wam, Misak, Guambiano-Moguez, Namdrik)
* Totoró (Totoro, Polindara)
* Coconuco † (Kokonuko, Cauca, Wanaka)
* Southern group
* Chaʼpalaachi (Cayapa, Chachi, Nigua)
* Tsafiki (Colorado, Colima, Campaz, Tsáchela, Tsachila, Tsafiqui)

Extinct
Barbacoa; Cara (Kara, Caranqui, Karanki, Imbaya); Pasto (Muellamués (Muellama)), Sindagua (Malla), and Coconuco

Betoi † (Betoy, Jirarra, Jirarru)

* (dialects: Airico, Betoi, Ele, Jirara, Lolaca, Situfa)

Boran (Bora-Muinane)

* Bora (Boro, Meamuyna; Miriña/Miranha)
* Muinane (Muinane Bora, Muinani, Muename)

Bororoan

* Eastern Bororo (Bororo proper, Boe)
* Western Bororo
* Umutina † (Umotina, Barbado)
* Otuque † (Otuké, Otuqui, Louxiru) (dialects: Coraveca (Corave, Curave, Ecorabe), Curuminaca, Curumina, Curucaneca, Curucane, Tapii)

Cahuapanan (Jebero, Kawapanan, Kahuapanan; earlier called Maina, Mainan)

* Cahuapana † (Cuncho, Chuncho, Concho, Chonzo)
* Chayahuita (Chawi, Chayabita, Chayhuita, Balsopuertino, Paranapura, Cahuapa; Chayawita, Tshaahui, Tsaawí, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino; Paranapura)
* Jebero (Xebero, Chebero, Xihuila, Shiwilu)

Camsá (Sibundoy, Sebondoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá, Mocoa, Quillacinga)

Cañar-Puruhá †

* Cañar † (Cañari)
* Puruhá † (Puruguay)

Candoshi (Candoxi, Maina, Kandoshi, Shapra, Murato, Roamaina)

* (dialects: Shapra (Chapara), Kandoshi)

Canichana † (Canesi, Kanichana, Canisiana)

Cariban

* Venezuelan branch (Gildea 2003)
* Pemóng-Panare macro-group
* Pemóng group (Kapóng, (Akawaio, Patamuna, Ingarikó), Makushi, Pemón (Taurepang, Kamarakóto, Arekuna))
* Panare
* Mapoyo-Tamanaku macro-group
* Mapoyo/Yawarana (Mapoyo, Wanai, Yawarana, Pémono)
* Tamanaku †
* Pekodian branch
* Bakairí
* Arara group: Arara (Parirí), Ikpéng (Txikão)
* Subgroups not yet classified in possible larger subgroups in the family:
* Kumaná † (Chaima †, Cumanagota †)
* Makiritare (De'kwana, Ye'kwana, Maiongong)
* Nahukwa group: Kuikúru, Kalapalo
* Parukotoan group
* Katxúyana (Kaxuiâna, Shikuyana, Warikyana)
* Waiwai subgroup: Waiwai (Wabui, Tunayana), Hixkaryana
* Taranoan group
* Tiriyo subgroup: Akuriyo, Tiriyo, Trio
* Karihona (Carijona)
* Yukpa group: Yukpa, Japréria
* Languages not yet classified within possible subgroups:
* Apalaí
* Kari'nja (Carib, Kalinya, Cariña, Galibi)
* Waimirí Atroarí
* Wayana

Cayuvava † (Cayuwaba, Cayubaba, Kayuvava)

Chapacuran (Chapakuran, Txapakuran)

* Itene group (Central Chapacuran)
* Wanham (Wañam, Wanyam, Huanyam)
* Kumaná (Torá, Toraz, Cumana, Cautario) (Abitana-Kumaná)
* Kabixí (Cabishi, Cabichí, Habishi, Parecís, Pawumwa)
* Itene (Iteneo, Iténez, Moré)
* Wari group (Southern Chapacuran)
* Quitemo † (Quitemoca) (Kitemo-Nape)
* Chapacura † (Huachi, Wachi, Tapacura, Chapakura)
* Urupá-Jarú (Txapakura; Yaru, Jaru, Ituarupa)
* Orowari (Pakaás-novos, Pacasnovas, Pacaha-novo, Uariwayo, Uomo, Jaru, Oro Wari)
* Oro Win

Charrúan †

* Charrúa †
* Güenoa † (Minuane)
* Chaná †

Chibchan

* Paya (Pech)
* Core Chibchan
* Votic
* Rama (Melchora, Voto, Boto, Arama, Arrama)
* Guatuso (Malecu)
* Isthmic
* Western Isthmic
* Viceitic
* Cabécar (Chirripó, Tucurrique, Estrella)
* Bribri (Viceíta)
* Teribe (Térraba, Tiribí, Tirub)
* Boruca † (Brunca)
* Doracic
* Dorasque † (Chumulu, Gualaca)
* Chánguena † (Chánguina, Chánguene)
* Eastern Isthmic
* Guaymíic
* Movere (Move, Guaymí, Penonomeño, Ngawbere/Ngäbere) (dialects: Inland Bocas del Toro, Coastal Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí)
* Bocotá (Murire, Muoi, Guaymí Sabanero, Movere Sabanero)
* Cuna (Cueva, Paya-Pocuro, Kuna)
* Magdalenic
* Southern Magdalenic
* Chibcha
* Muisca † (Mosca, Chibcha)
* Duit †
* Tunebo (Uwa, Uw Cuwa; Tame, Sínsiga, Tegría, Pedraza) (dialects: Cobaría, Tegría, Agua Blanca, Barro Negro)
* Barí (Motilón, Dobocubí, Cunaguasaya)
* Northern Magdalenic
* Arhuacic
* Cogui (Cágaba, Kogi, Kogui, Coghui, Kagaba)
* Eastern-Southern Arhuacic
* Eastern Arhuacic
* Damana (Guamaca, Sanká, Sanhá, Arsario, Malayo, Marocasero, Wiwa)
* Kankuama (Atanques)
* Ica (Bíntucua, Ika, Arhuaco, Bintuk)
* Chimila (Chamila, Caca Weranos, San Jorge, Shimizya)
* Unclassified
* Huetar †
* Antioqueño † (two varieties: Nutabe and Catío (not to be confused with the Emberá (Chocoan) variety called Catío).

Chipaya-Uru (Uru-Chipaya, Uruquilla)

* Chipaya (erroneously earlier also called "Puquina")
* Uru (Uru of Iru-Itu, Uchumataqu, Iru-Wit'u, Uro)
* Chholo † (Murato)

Chiquitano (Besïro, Chiquito, Tarapecosi)

* (dialects: Besïro (Lomerío), Concepción, San Javier (Javierano), San Miguel, Santiago, Churapa, Sansimoniano, Tao)

Chocoan

* Waunana (Noanamá, Huaunana, Woun Meu, Waun Meo, Waumeo, Wounmeu, Wounaan, Noanama, Noenama, Nonama, Chocama, Chanco)
* Emberá dialect continuum (Catío, Chamí, Napipí River, Saija, Sambú)
* Southern Emberá
* Northern Emberá (Emperã, Eberã Bed'ea, Eperã Pedea, Atrato, Darién, Dariena, Panama Embera, Eberã, Cholo (Choco))

Cholonan † (Hibito-Cholon)

* Cholón † (Seeptsá, Tinganeses, Cholona)
* Híbito † (Hibito, Xibito, Xibita, Jibito, Chibito, Zibito, Ibito, Xibitoana)

Chonan (Tehuelchean, Chon family)

* Chonan proper
* Island Chonan
* Selkʼnam † (Selknam, Shelknam, Ona, Aona)
* Haush † (Manekenken)
* Continental Chonan
* Tehuelche (Aoniken, Aonek'enk, Inaquen, Patagón)
* Teushen † (Tehues, Patagón)
* Patagón Costero †
* Gününa-Küne † (Gennaken, Northern Tehuelche, Puelche, Pampa, Gününa Yajich)

Chono †

Cofán (Kofan, A'ingaé)

Culle † (Culli, Ilinga, Linga)

Esmeralda † (Esmeraldeño, Tacame)

Gamela † (Barbados, Curinsi, Acobu)

Guach' †

Guaicuruan (Waikuruan, Waykuruan)

* Kadiwéu (Caduveo, Mbayá, Ediu-Adig)
* Southern Guaicuruan
* Pilagá (Pilaca)
* Toba (Qom, Namqom)
* Mocoví (Mocobí)
* Abipón †

Guajiboan (Guahiboan)

* Guajibo (Guahibo, Guaybo, Sikuani, Sicuani, Guajibo, Goahibo, Guaigua, Guayba, Wahibo, Goahiva, Hiwi) (dialects: Guahibo (Sikuani), Amorua (Rio Tomo Guahibo), Tigrero)
* Cuiva (Cuiba, Cuiba-Wámonae) (dialects: Chiricoa, Masiware (Masiguare), Chiripo (Wupiwi, Siripu), Yarahuuraxi-Capanapara, Mayayero, Mochuelo-Casanare-Cuiba, Tampiwi (Mariposas), Amaruwa (Amorua), Mella, Ptamo, Sicuane (Sicuari))
* Churuya †
* Guayabero (Cunimía, Jiw, Mítus, Mítua)

Guamo †

Guató

Harákmbut-Katukinan

* Harákmbut (Harakmbet, Hate, Tuyoneri, "Mashco")
* (several dialects in two clusters: (1: Huachipaeri, Toyoeri (Tuyoneri, Tuyuneri); 2: Amaracaeri (Amarakaeri), Sapiteri, Arasaeri)
* Katukinan (Catuquinan)
* Katukina (Catuquina, Katukina do Jutaí) (dialect: Cutiadapa (Kutia-Dyapa))
* Dyapá (Southern Katukinan, Tshom-Djapá (Txunhuã-Djapá), Canamarí, Kanamarí) (perhaps the same as Tucundiapa (Tucano Dyapa, Hondiapa/Hon-Dyapá))
* Katawixí (Catawixi, Catauixi, Catawishi, Catauichi)

Huarpean † (Warpean)

* Huarpe † (Allentiac)
* Millcayac †

Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranche, Iranshe, Mynky, Münkü, Menki, Manoki, Myky)

* (dialects: Münkü (Mynky, Menku, Menkü, Myy), Irántxe))

Itonama (Saramo, Machoto)

Jabutían (Yabutían)

* Jabutí (Yabutí, Jabotí, Djeoromitxí, Kipiu, Quipiu)
* Arikapú (Maxubí, Aricapú)

Jêan (Gêan, Jê family)

* Northeastern Jê (Northern Jê)
* Timbíra (Canela (Kanela)), Krenjé, Krahó, Pykobyê)
* Kreen-Akarore (Ipewí, Kren-Akarore, Creen-Acarore, Panará)
* Apinajé (Apinayé)
* Kayapó (Cayapó, Kokairmoro) (dialects: Xikrin (Xukru, Diore), Kararaó, Kayapó-Kradaú)
* Suyá (dialects: Beiço de Pau (Tapayuna), Yaruma (Jarumá, Waiku))
* Central Jê (Akwe branch)
* Xavánte (Shavante, Chavante, A'uwe, A'we, Uptabi, Akuên, Akwen, Crisca, Pusciti, Tapacua)
* Akroá † (Akroá-Mirim, Acroá, Koroá, Coroá)
* Xerénte (Sherenté, Xerenti)
* Xakriabá † (Chicriaba, Chakriaba, Shacriaba, Chikriaba)
* Southern Jê
* Kaingang (Coroado, Coroados, Caingang, Bugre) (dialects: Paraná Kaingang, Central Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang)
* Xokléng (Shocleng, Aweikoma, Bugre, Botocudos)
* Ingáin † (Tains, Tain)
* Wayaná † (Guayaná, Guayana, Gualachí, Guanhanan)

Jirajaran †

* Jirajara †
* Ayomán † (Ayamán)
* Gayón † (Coyón)

Jivaroan

* Shuar (Jívaro, Maina, Jíbaro)
* Aguaruna (Aguajun, Ahuajun)
* Achuar (Achual, Achuar-Shiwiar)
* Huambisa

Jotí (Yoana, Yuana, Yuwana, Waruwaru (Waruwádu), Chicano, Chikano, Joti, Jodi, Hotí, Hodï)

Kaliana (Sapé, Calianá, Cariana, Chirichano)

Kamakanan †

* Kamakán † (Camacán)
* Kamakán † (Kamakã, Camacán, Ezeshio)
* Mongoyó † (Mangaló, Monshoko)
* Kotoxó † (Kutaxó, Catashó, Cotoxó, Catathóy)
* Menién † (Manyã)
* Masakará † (Masacará)

Kapixaná (Kanoê, Capixana)

Karajá (Caraja, Xambioá, Chamboa, Ynã, Karayá)

* Karajá-Xambioá † (Chamboa, Ynã)
* Javaé (Javaje, Javae)

Karirían † (Karirí family)

* Kipeá † (Karirí, Kirirí)
* Dzubukuá † (Kiriri, Dzubucua)
* Sabuyá † (Sapoyá)
* Kamurú † (Camurú, Pedra Branca)

Krenakan (Botocudoan, Aimoré language complex)

* Krenak (Botocudo, Aimoré, Nakrehé, Nakpié, Naknyanúk, Etwet, Minyãyirún, Yiporók, Pojitxá, Potén, Krekmún, Bakuén, Aranã, Batachoa, Crenaque)
* Guêren † (Guerén, Gren, Borun, Borúm)

Kwaza (Koayá, Koaiá, Quaiá, Arara)

Leco † (Lapalapa, Leko, Rik'a, Ateniano)

Lule-Vilelan †

* Lule †
* Vilela †

Máko † (Maco, Makú, Macu)

Makúan (Makú family, Makú-Puinavean, Puinavean, Vaupés-Japura, Nadahup family, Guaviaré-Japurá family)

* Eastern Makúan
* Nadëb branch
* Roçando Nadëb
* Rio Negro Nadëb
* Dâw-Hupda-Yuhup
* Dâw (Kamã, Kamã Makú, Kamarada, Makú-Kamarada)
* Hupda-Yuhup
* Hup (Hupda, Hupdë, Hupdá Makú, Macú de Tucano, Ubdé) (dialects: Hupdë, Tuhup, Nëhup)
* Yuhup (Makú-Yahup, Yëhup, Yahup, Yahup Makú, "Maku")
* Western Makúan
* Kakua group
* Kakua (Cacua, Bará, Macu de Cubeo, Macu de Guanano, Macu de Desano, Báda, Kákwa) (dialects: Vaupés Cacua, Macú-Paraná Cacua)
* Nukak
* Puinave (Wonsüht, Wãnsöhöt)

Mapudungun (Mapudungu, Araucano, Mapuche, Maputongo, Chiledugu, "Auca")

Mascoyan (Mascoian, Maskoyan, Lengua-Mascoy, Enlhet-Enenlhet)

Matacoan (Mataco-Mataguayan, Mataguayan)

* Chorote (Chorotí, Manjuy) (dialects: Iyo'wujwa, Yohwaha, Manjuy)
* Nivaclé (Niwaklé, Chulupí, Ashlushlay)
* Maká (Macá, Enimaca, Enimaga)
* Wichí (Mataco, Mataguayo, Weenhayek) (dialects: Nocten, Güisnay (Pilcomayo Wichí), Vejos (Vejoz, Aiyo, Hueshuo))

Matanauí † (Matanawí, Mitandua, Moutoniway)

Maxakalían

* Maxakalí (Mashakali, Maxacari)
* Kapoxó † (Capoxo, Caposho)
* Monoxó † (Monoshó, Monachobm, Menacho)
* Makoní † (Maconí)
* Malalí †
* Pataxó † (Pataxó-Hanhanhain, Patasho)

Mochica † (Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Mochica, Muchic)

Mosetenan (Mosetén-Chimane)

* Chimane (Chiman, Tsimane, Chumano, Nawazi-Moñtji)
* Mosetén (Rache, Muchan, Tucupi, Aparono)

Movima (Mobima, Moyma, Movime)

Munichi † (Muniche, Munichino, Otanabe)

Muran

* Mura †
* Pirahã (Pirahá)
* Bohurá † (Buxwaray)
* Yahahí †

Nambikwaran (Nambicuaran, Nambiquaran, Nambikuaran)

* Mamaindê (Northern Nambiquara, Mamande, Nakarothe) (dialects: Mamaindé, Negarotê, Tawanxte, Taxmainite, Taxwensite, Yalapmunxte (Lacondê, Latundê)
* Southern Nambikuaran
* Nambiquara (Nambikwara) (dialects: Manduka, Khithaulhu, Halotesu, Saxwentesu, Wakalitesu, Serra Azul, Hahaintesu, Wasusu, Alatesu, Waikisu, Galera)
* Kithãulhú (Southern Nambiquara) (dialect complex: Kabishi, Nambiquara, etc.)
* Sararé
* Sabané (Sabanés)

Natú † (Peagaxinan)

Ofayé † (Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, Ofaié)

Omurano † (Humurana, Numurana)

Otomacoan †

* Otomaco †
* Taparita †

Paezan

* Paez (Nasa Yuwe, Paisa)
* Paniquitá
* (?) Panzaleo † (Latacunga, Quito)

Pankarurú † (Pancararu, Pancarurú, Brancararú, Pankarará, Pankarú, Pancaru, Pancaré, Pankaravu, Pankaroru)

Pano-Takanan

* Panoan
* Mayoruna branch
* Mayo group
* Matses
* Korubo (Chankuëshbo as co-dialect)
* Dëmushbo
* Kulina
* Matis
* Mainline branch
* Kasharari
* Core Mainline branch
* Kashibo (Kakataibo as co-dialect)
* Nawa group
* Chakobo; (Pakawara as co-dialect)
* Marubo subgroup
* Marubo
* Katukina
* Poyanawa subgroup
* Poyanawa
* Iskonawa
* Nukini
* Shipibo (with Konibo and Kapanawa as co-dialects)
* Headwaters subgroup
* Kashinawa
* Amawaka
* Yaminawa (dialects: Sharanawa, Yawanawa, Shanenawa (Katukina de Feijó), Shawanawa (Arara), Mastanawa, Marinawa)
* Takanan
* Takana group
* Tacana (Tupamasa)
* Reyesano (San Borjano, Maropa)
* Araona (Carina, Cavina)
* Cavineña
* Chama group
* Ese'ejja (Ese'eha, Ese Ejja, Ese Exa, Tiatinagua, Chama, Tambopata-Guarayo, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, "Chama")
* Toromona † (Toromono)

Payaguá †

Puquina † (Pukina)

Purían † (Puri-Coroado)

* Purí † (Coroado)
* Koropó † (Coropa)

Qawasqaran (Alacalufan)

* Qawasqar (Northern Alacaluf, Alacaluf, Kaweskar, Kawésqar, Kawaskar, Aksánas) (dialects: Kawésqar, Tawókser)
* Alacaluf (Central Alacaluf, Hekaine)
* Southern Alacaluf (Halakwalup, Pecheré)

Quechuan

* Central Quechua (Huaihuash (Waywash)/Quechua I)
* Pacaraos Quechua
* Central Quechua
* "Waylay" (Huailay, North)
* Huaylas Quechua (Ancash Quechua)
* Conchucos Quechua
* Ap-am-ah
* Alto Pativilca
* Alto Marañón
* Alto Huallaga (Huánuco)
* "Wankay" (Huancay, South)
* Yaru Quechua (Tarma, Junín)
* Jauja-Huanca Quechua (Jauja, Huaycha Huanca, Huaylla Huanca (Huancayo))
* Huangascar-Topará Quechua
* Peripheral Quechua (Huampuy/Quechua II)
* "Yungay" (Quechua IIA)
* Central
* Laraos
* Lincha
* Apurí
* Chocos
* Madeán
* Northern
* Cañaris-Incahuasi Quechua
* Cajamarca Quechua
* "Chinchay" (Quechua IIB-C)
* Northern
* Chachapoyas Quechua (Amazonas Quechua)
* San Martín Quechua
* Loreto Quechua
* Ecuador Quechua
* Southern
* Southern Peruvian Quechua
* Ayacucho Quechua
* Cuzco Quechua
* Puno Quechua
* Northern Bolivian Quechua
* Southern Bolivian Quechua
* Santiago del Estero Quichua ("Cusco")
* Catamarca-La Rioja Quichua †

Rikbaktsá (Aripaktsá, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa, Canoeiro)

Sabela (Huao, Wao, Auca, Huaorani, Huarani, Waorani, Auishiri)

Sáliban (Sálivan, Sáliba-Piaroan)

* Sáliva (Sáliba)
* Piaroa (Piaroa-Maco, Wothüha, Guagua, Quaqua)
* Mako

Sechura-Catacaoan † (Sec)

* Sechura †
* Tallán † (Atalán)
* (varieties: Colán and Catacaos)

Taruma (Taruamá)

Taushiro (Pinchi, Pinche)

Tequiraca (Tekiraka, Aushiri, Auishiri, Avishiri, Avixiri, Abiquira, Abishira, Abigira, Agouisiri, Ixignor, Vacacocha)

Tikuna-Yurí

* Tikuna (Ticuna, Tukuna, Tucuna)
* Yurí (Jurí, Yuri, Xurúpixuna)

Timotean † (Timote-Cuica)

* Timote-Cuica † (Miguri, Cuica)
* Mucuchí-Maripú † (Mocochí; Mirripú)

Tiniguan †

* Tinigua (Timigua)
* Pamigua (Pamiwa) †

Trumai (Trumaí, Tramalhy)

Tukanoan (Tucanoan)

* Western Tukanoan
* Coreguaje (Koreguaje, Caquetá, Correguaje, Ko'reuaju, Chaocha Pai)
* Siona-Secoya
* Macaguaje † (Makawahe, Piojé)
* Secoya (Piohé, Siona-Secoya)
* Siona
* Teteté † (Eteteguaje) (possibly a dialect of Siona)
* Orejón (Maijuna, Coto, Koto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Payagua, Mai Ja, Oregon, Orechon, Tutapi) (dialect: Nebaji)
* Retuarã (Letuama, Tanimuca-Retuarã)
* Yahuna (Jaúna, Yauna)
* Tama †
* Eastern Tukanoan
* Cubeo (Kubeo, Pamié, Cuveo, Cubeu, Kobeua, Kobewa, Kubwa, Kobéwa, Hehenawa, Pamiwa)
* Miriti † (Miriti-Tapuyo, Neenoá)
* Macuna (Makuna, Buhagana, Baigana, Wuhána, Jepa-Matsi, Yepá-Mahsá, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá Maxsã, Yebamasã, Paneroa, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia)
* Yupuá-Duriña † (Yupua, Sokó, Uri, Duriña)
* Kueretú † (Cueretú, Coretú, Curetú)
* Desano-Siriano
* Bará-Tuyuka (Barasano, Tuyuca)
* Carapano (Karapaná, Karapano, Carapana-Tapuya, Tatuyo, Mochda, Moxdoa, Mextã)
* Tucano (Tukano, Dasea, Daxsea) (dialects: Yohoraa (Curaua), Wasona (Uasona))
* Wanano-Piratapuyo (Guanano, Wanâna, Uanana, Anana, Kótedia, Kótirya, Kotiria; Wanana, Waikena, Waikina, Uiquina, Waikino, Pira-Tapuya, Uaikena, Uaicana, Waikhara, Waina, Uaiana, Uainana, Urubu-Tapuya)
* Arapaso † (Arapaço, Arapasso, Koneá)

Tupían

* Western Tupían
* Arikém subfamily
* Arikém (Ariquême)
* Kabixiána
* Karitiána (Caritiana)
* Mondéan subfamily
* Paitér (Suruí, Suruí do Jiparaná, Suruí de Rondônia, Surui Paiter)
* Cinta-larga
* Gavião (Digüt, Ikõrõ, Gavião do Jiparaná)
* Zoró
* Mondé (Sanamaikã (Sanamaicá), Salamãi)
* Aruá (Aruaxi, Aruashí)
* Puruborá (Boruborá, Puruba, Aurã, Pumbora, Puroborá, Burubora, Kuyubi, Cujubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho)
* Ramaráman subfamily
* Káro (Arara, Urukú)
* Ramaráma (Itogapúk, Ntogapíd)
* Urumí
* Tuparían subfamily
* Tuparí
* Kepkiriwát (Quepiquiriuate, Kepikiriwat, Kepkeriwát)
* Makuráp (Macurap, Macurape)
* Mekéns (Mekém, Sakurabiat, Sakyrabiat)
* Akuntsú (Akunsú)
* Waratégaya (Amiapé)
* Wayoró (Ayurú, Wayru, Wayurú, Ayurú, Ajurú, Uaiora, Wajaru)
* Mekens
* Eastern Tupían
* Awetí (Auetö, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti, Auiti, Arauite, Arauine)
* Jurúnan subfamily
* Jurúna (Yuruna, Yudjá, Djudjá, Jaruna)
* Manitsawá (Maritsauá, Manitzula) (dialect: Arupai (Urupaya))
* Xipáya (Shipaya, Shipaja, Xipaia)
* Mawé (Maué, Sataré, Sateré, Sateré-Mawé)
* Mundurukún subfamily
* Kuruáya (Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia)
* Mundurukú (Mundurucu, Monjoroku, Weidyenye, Paiquize, Pari, Caras-Pretas)
* Tupí-Guaranían subfamily
* Guaranían branch
* Guaraní Antigo (Guaraní, old Guaraní)
* Paraguayan Guaraní (Guaraní, Guarani paraguaio, Avañee)
* Kaiwá (Kayowá, Kaiowá, Caiová, Caiguá, Pãi, Pãi-Tavyterã)
* Nhandéva (Ñandeva, Chiripá)
* Xetá (Shetá, Aré, Notobotocudo)
* Chiriguano group (Ava, Simba, Chané, Izoceño (Isosó, Izozó), Tapiete)
* Argentina, Bolívia, Paraguay (Dietrich 2007)
* Guayakí (Guayaquí, Aché, Axe)
* Guaráyoan branch
* Guarayo (Guarayú)
* Sirionó
* Yúki (Yuqui)
* Tupi branch of Tupí-Guaranían
* Língua Geral Amazônica (Língua Geral, Nheengatú, Tapïhïya, Tupi moderno)
* Língua Geral Paulista (Língua Geral, Tupí)
* Tupí (Tupi antigo)
* Tupinambá (Língua brasílica, Tupi antigo)
* Teneteháran branch
* Avá (Canoeiro, Avá-Canoeiro)
* Tapirapé
* Parakanã (Paracanã, Apiteréwa)
* Tocantins Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Tocantins, Asuriní do Trocará, Akwáwa)
* Suruí (Suruí do Tocantins, Aikewara, Mudjetíre)
* Tembé (Tenetehára)
* Guajajára (Tenetehára)
* Turiwára (Turiuara)
* Xingu branch
* Araweté
* Amanajé (Amanage, Amanayé, Amanyé, Manajo, Manaxo, Manaze, Manazo)
* Ararandewára
* Aurê (Aurá)
* Anambé of Cairarí
* Xingu Asuriní (Assurini, Asuriní do Xingu, Asuriní do Coatinema, Awaeté)
* Kawahíb branch
* Amondáwa (Amundáwa)
* Uruewawáu (Uru-eu-wau-wau, Uru-eu-uau-uau)
* Karipúna
* Piripkúra
* Diahói (Diahui, Jahoi, Jahui, Diarrui)
* Parintintín (Parintintim, Kagwahív)
* Tenharín (Tenharim)
* Tupí-Kawahíb (Tupi do Machado, Paranawát, Pawaté, Wiraféd)
* Apiaká (Apiacá)
* Júma (Yuma)
* Kayabí (Caiabi)
* Kamayurá (Kamaiurá, Camaiurá)
* Northern Tupí-Guaranían branch
* Anambé of Ehrenreich
* Guajá (Awá, Avá, Awá Guajá, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara)
* Ka'apór (Urubú, Urubú-Ka'apór, Kaapor)
* Takunyapé (Taconhapé)
* Wayampí (Oyampi, Wajãpi, Waiãpi)
* Wayampipukú
* Emérillon (Emerenhão, Emereñon, Emerilon, Melejo, Mereo, Mereyo, Teco)
* Zo'é (Zoé, Jo'é)

Tuxá † (Tushá, Todela)

Urarina (Simacu, Kachá, Itucale, Urariña, Oruarina)

Wamoé † (Uamué, Huamoi, Umán, Uame, Huamoé, Araticum, Atikum, Aticum)

Warao (Guarao, Warau, Warrau, Guaruno, Waraw, Araote, Faraute)

Witotoan (Huitotoan)

* Ocaina (dialects: Dukaiya, Ibo'tsa)
* Early Huitoto
* Nipode (Huitoto Muinane, Nïpode, Nüpode Huitoto)
* Minica-Murai
* Mɨnɨca (Huitoto Meneca)
* Murui (Huitoto Murui, Murai, Búe)

Xukurú † (Xucuru, Ichikile, Shukurú)

Yagan (Yahgan, Yaghan, Yamana, Yámana, Tequenica, Yapoo)

Yaguan (Peban, Peba-Yaguan family)

* Yagua (Yihamwo, Nijyamïï, Nikyejaada, Yahua, Llagua, Yava, Yegua, Mishara)
* Peba † (Nijamvo)
* Yameo † (Llameo, Camuchivo, Masamae, Mazan, Parara)

Yanomaman (Yanomamian)

* Ninam (Yanam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari)
* Sanumá (Sanimá, Sanma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari) (dialects: Ninam (Shirishana, Mukajai), Northern Ninam (Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua), Caura, Ervato-Ventuari, Auaris; Yanoma, Cobari (Kobali, Cobariwa))
* Yanomam (Waiká (Waicá), Yanomami, Yanomamé, Surara, Xurima, Parahuri, Yanoam)
* (dialects: Yanamam (Patimitheri, Waika), Yanomam (Naomam, Guadema, Wadema, Warema), Yanomay (Toototobi), Nanomam (Karime), Jauari (Joari, Yoari, Aica))
* Yanomamö (Yanomamï, Yamomame, Guaicá, Guaharibo, Guajaribo, Yanomami, Shamatri, Shaathari, Cobari Kobali, Cobariwa)
* (dialects: Eastern Yanomami (Parima), Western Yanomami (Padamo-Orinoco))

Yaruro (Pumé, Llaruro, Yaruru, Yuapín)

Yaté (Fulnio, Furniô, Fórnio, Carnijó, Iaté, Yathé)

Yuracaré (Yuracare, Yurucar, Yuracar, Yurujure, Cuchi, Enete)

Yurumanguí † (Yurimanguí)

Zamucoan

* Ayoreo (Ayoré, Moro, Zamuco, Pyeta, Yovai)
* (dialect: Tsiricua, Tsiracua)
* Chamacoco (Ishiro, Jeywo)
* (dialects: Chamacoco Bravo (Tomaraho, Tomaraxa, Tumarahá), Ebitoso (Ebidoso, Ishiro))

Zaparoan

* Andoa † (Shimigae)
* Arabela
* Cahuarano †
* Iquito
* Záparo (Kayapi)
* Gae †
* Coronado †
* Oa †

## See also

* Lenguas indígenas de América (Spanish Wikipedia appendix)
* Languages of South America
* Indigenous languages of South America
* Amazonian languages
* List of indigenous languages of Argentina
* List of unclassified languages of South America
* List of extinct languages of South America
* Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin
* Indigenous languages of the Americas
* Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas

## References

1. ↑ Crevels, Mily (2012). "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking". in Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle. The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 167–234. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
2. ↑ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
3. ↑ Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". in Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle. The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.

Template:Countries and languages lists

* v
* t
* e

Indigenous language families and isolates of South America
(based on Campbell 2012 classification)

Language families|

* Arawakan
* Cariban
* Chapacuran
* Chibchan
* Pano–Takanan
* Makúan
* Tukanoan
* Tupían
* Arawan
* Barbacoan
* Cahuapanan
* Chipaya–Uru
* Chocoan
* Cholonan
* Guajiboan
* Jirajaran
* Jivaroan
* Lule–Vilelan
* Nambikwaran
* Qawasqaran
* Paezan
* Sechura–Catacaoan
* Timotean
* Tiniguan
* Yanomaman
* Zamucoan

| Macro-Jê|

* Jê
* Jabutían
* Kamakanan
* Karajá
* Krenákan
* Maxakalían
* Jaikó
* Ofayé
* Rikbaktsá
* Bororoan ?
* Karirian ?
* Purían ?
* Guató ?

|

Arutani–Sape ?|

* Awaké
* Kaliana
* Máku ?

Bora–Witoto ?|

* Boran
* Witotoan

Chimuan ?|

* Cañar–Puruhá
* Mochica

Esmeralda–Yaruroan ?|

* Esmeralda
* Yaruro

Macro-Daha ?|

* Sáliban
* Tikuna–Yuri
* Jotí
* Andoque–Urequena ?

Macro-Otomákoan ?|

* Otomacoan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Trumai ?

Macro-Warpean ?|

* Huarpean
* Muran
* Matanauí

Mataco–Guaicuru ?|

* Matacoan
* Guaicuruan
* Guachí ?
* Payaguá ?
* Charruan ?
* Mascoyan ?

Mosetén–Chon ?|

* Mosetenan
* Chonan

Quechumaran ?|

* Quechuan
* Aymaran

Saparo–Yawan ?|

* Zaparoan
* Yaguan

Tequiraca–Canichana ?|

* Tequiraca
* Canichana

Language isolates|

* Andaquí
* Atacameño
* Betoi
* Camsá
* Candoshi
* Chono
* Cofán
* Culle
* Gamela
* Irantxe
* Mapudungu
* Munichi
* Omurano
* Otí
* Puquina
* Sabela
* Taruma
* Taushiro
* Urarina
* Warao
* Yagan
* Yurumangui

| Northeast Brazil|

* Baenan
* Katembri
* Natú
* Pankararú
* Tarairiú
* Tuxá
* Wamoé
* Xokó
* Xukurú
* Yaté

|

Rondônia|

* Aikanã
* Kanoê
* Kwazá

Bolivian Amazon|

* Cayuvava
* Chiquitano
* Itonama
* Movima
* Yuracaré

Others (uncertain
classification)|

* Guamo
* Leko
* Mure
* Puinave

Proposed groupings|

* Duho
* Macro-Andean
* Macro-Arawakan
* Macro-Chibchan
* Macro-Jê
* Macro-Jibaro
* Macro-Otomákoan
* Macro-Paesan
* Macro-Panoan
* Macro-Puinavean
* Macro-Warpean
* Arutani–Sape
* Bora–Witoto
* Esmeralda–Yaruroan
* Hibito–Cholon
* Je–Tupi–Carib
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mataco–Guaicuru
* Moseten–Chonan
* Quechumaran
* Saparo–Yawan
* Tequiraca–Canichana
* Wamo–Chapakura
* Amerind

Lists|

* Languages
* Extinct languages
* Marañón River basin
* Unclassified languages
* Classification
* Linguistic areas

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