Taynton Limestone Formation

Taynton Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Bathonian

PreЄ

Type| Geological formation
Unit of| Great Oolite Group
Underlies| Hampen Formation, Rutland Formation
Overlies| Fuller's Earth Formation, Sharp's Hill Formation, Horsehay Sand Formation
Thickness| 0-11 m
Lithology
Primary| Limestone
Other| Marl, Sandstone
Location
Region| Oxfordshire
Country| England
Type section
Named for| Taynton, Oxfordshire
Location| Lee's Quarry, Taynton Down, Oxfordshire

The Taynton Limestone[1] is a geological formation in Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. It dates to the Middle Jurassic, mid-Bathonian stage.[2] It predominantly consists of ooidal grainstone.[3] The term "Stonesfield Slate" refers to slaty limestone horizons within the formation that during the 18th and 19th centuries were extensively quarried for use in roof tiling within the vicinity of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire. Previously these were thought to belong to the Sharp's Hill Formation, but boreholes and shaft sections suggest that at least three horizons within the Taynton Limestone were quarried for the slate.[4] These horizons are well known for producing a diverse set of fossils including those of plants, insects as well as vertebrates, including some of the earliest known mammals, pterosaurs as well as those of first dinosaur ever described, Megalosaurus.

## Contents

* 1 Vertebrate fauna
* 1.1 Reptiles
* 1.2 Mammaliamorphs
* 1.3 Fish
* 2 Invertebrate fauna
* 3 Flora
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Vertebrate fauna

### Reptiles

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Color key
| Taxon | Reclassified taxon | Taxon falsely reported as present | Dubious taxon or junior synonym | Ichnotaxon | Ootaxon | Morphotaxon

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| Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.
Reptiles of the Stonesfield Slate[5]

Taxa  | Species  | Material  | Location  | Notes  | Images

Iliosuchus

I. incognitus

Two ilia

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A theropod dinosaur. Not distingusiable from Megalosaurus

Megalosaurus | M. bucklandii | Isolated remains including several dentaries, maxillas and postcranial bones from multiple individuals  |  | A megalosaurid theropod dinosaur, also present in the Chipping Norton and Sharp's Hill Formations |
Klobiodon[6] | K. rochei | Partial dentary with teeth  |  | A rhamphorhynchid pterosaur |
Protochelys | P. blakii | Isolated epidermal scales, coracoid, plastron fragment[7] |  | Nomen dubium, Testudinata indet  |
Teleosaurus | T. geoffroyi |  |  | An indeterminate Teleosaurid. Probably the same animal as Teleosaurus cadomensis.  |
Monofenestrata[6] | Indeterminate  | Vertebrae  |  |  |
Rhamphorhynchidae[6] | Indeterminate  | Various isolated remains  |  |  |

### Mammaliamorphs

Mammaliamorphs of the Stonesfield Slate[5]

Taxa  | Species  | Material  | Location  | Notes  | Images
Amphilestes | A. broderipii | Two left mandibles and right mandible  | Stonesfield Slate quarries  | Amphilestid |
Amphitherium | A. prevostii | Partial left mandible and a right mandible  | Amphitheriidae |
A. rixoni | Right dentary
Stereognathus | S. ooliticus | Teeth  | Tritylodontid |
Phascolotherium | P. bucklandii | Right mandible and left ramus  | Amphilestid  |

### Fish

Fish of the Stonesfield Slate[5]

Taxa  | Species  | Material  | Location  | Notes  | Images
Breviacanthus | Breviacanthus brevis |  | Stonesfield Slate quarries  |  |
Ganodus | Spp.  |  | Chimaeriformes |
Ischyodus | Ischyodus emarginatus |  |
Aspidorhynchus | Aspidorhynchus crassus |  |  |
Pholidophorus | Indeterminate  |  |  |
Leptolepis | Leptolepis disjectus |  |  |
Pycnodus | Indeterminate  |  |  |
Mesodon | Mesodon tenuidens |  |  |
Microdon | Microdon biserialis |  |  |
Lepidotus | Lepidotus tuberculatus |  |  |
Macrosemius | Macrosemius sp. |  |  |
Undina | Undina ? barroviensis |  | A coelacanth |
Ferganoceratodus | Ferganoceratodus phillipsi[8] |  | A lungfish  |
Egertonodus[9] | Egertonodus duffini |  | A hybodont shark  |
Palaeocarcharias?[10] | Indeterminate  |  |  | Possibly the oldest lamniform shark  |

## Invertebrate fauna

Invertebrates of the Stonesfield Slate

Taxa  | Species  | Presence  | Material  | Notes  | Images

Blapsium

| B. egertoni | Stonesfield Slate  | NHM, In. 34379, a ventral compression missing the head  | An ommatine beetle  |
Palaeontina | P. oolitica | Forewing  | Type species of Palaeontinidae |
Pheugothemis | P. westwoodi |  | Damsel-dragonfly of uncertain placement, while historically described as a member of Gomphidae, Huang et al. 2019 state that it "can[not] be accurately attributed to the Gomphidae, or even the Gomphida."  |

## Flora

The flora known from the Stonesfield Slate comprises a relatively diverse flora, with 25 morphospecies present. It primarily represents a coastal environment, perhaps seasonally dry with mangrove like environments. It is a noticeably different assemblage than the Yorkshire floras of equivalent age, possibly because the latter is thought to represent a deltaic, wetland environment.[11]

Flora of the Stonesfield Slate

Taxa  | Species  | Material  | Location  | Notes  | Images
cf. Dictyophyllum | Indeterminate  |  |  | Fern, Member of Dipteridaceae |
Phlebopteris | P. woodwardii |  |  | Fern, Member of Matoniaceae |
cf. Coniopteris | Indeterminate  |  |  | Fern, Member of Dicksoniaceae |
Sagenopteris | S. colpodes |  |  | Member of Caytoniales |
Ctenozamites | cf. leckenbyi |  |  | Member of Peltaspermales |
Pachypteris | P. macrophylla |  |  | A "Pteridosperm", likely either a member of Peltaspermales or Corystospermales |
Komlopteris | K. speciosa |  |  | Member of Corystospermales |
Ctenis | C. cf. sulcicaulis, sp |  |  | Cycad |
Ptilophyllum | P. pectiniformis, P. cf hirsutum |  |  | Member of Bennettitales |
Sphenozamites | S. bellii |  |  | Member of Bennettitales  |
?Weltrichia | Indeterminate  |  |  | Member of Bennettitales  |
Taeniopteris | T. vittata |  |  | Member of Bennettitales  |
Bucklandia | B. bucklandii |  |  | Member of Bennettitales formerly Conites bucklandii[12] |
Ginkgo | G. aff longifolius |  |  | Member of Ginkgoales |
Brachyphyllum | B. expansum |  |  | Member of Pinales |
Elatocladus | E. cf. laxus |  |  | Member of Pinales  |
Masculostrobus | Indeterminate  |  |  | Member of Pinales  |
Classostrobus | Indeterminate  |  |  | Cheirolepidiaceae |
Araucarites | A. brodei |  |  | Araucariaceae |
Pelourdea |  |  |  | A conifer of uncertain affinities  |
Carpolithes | Carpolithes diospyriformis, Carpolithes sp. |  |  | Plantae indet  |
Phyllites | sp.  |  |  | Morphotaxon for leaves of uncertain affinities  |

## See also

* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

## References

1. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
2. ↑ Benson, R.B.J. (2009). "An assessment of variability in theropod dinosaur remains from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Stonesfield and New Park Quarry, UK and taxonomic implications for Megalosaurus bucklandii and Iliosuchus incognitus." Palaeontology, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00884.x
3. ↑ "Taynton Limestone Formation". https://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=TY.
4. ↑ Boneham, B.F.W.; Wyatt, R.J. (January 1993). "The stratigraphical position of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Stonesfield Slate of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 104 (2): 123–136. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80014-4. Bibcode: 1993PrGA..104..123B.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Stonesfield Slate, near Oxford (BMNH fish)". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=131844.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Michael O'Sullivan; David M. Martill (2018). "Pterosauria of the Great Oolite Group (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire, England". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Online edition. doi:10.4202/app.00490.2018.
7. ↑ Anquetin, Jérémy; Claude, Julien (2008). "Reassessment of the oldest British turtle: Protochelys from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK". Geodiversitas 30 (2): 331–344. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228495390.
8. ↑ Challands, Tom J.; Cavin, Lionel; Zondo, Michel; Munyikwa, Darlington; Choiniere, Jonah N.; Barrett, Paul M. (2023-11-02). "A new lungfish from the Upper Triassic of the Mid-Zambezi Basin, Zimbabwe". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43 (6). doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2365391. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2024.2365391#d1e782.
9. ↑ Rees, Jan; Underwood, Charlie J. (January 2008). "Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic)" (in en). Palaeontology 51 (1): 117–147. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00737.x. ISSN 0031-0239. Bibcode: 2008Palgy..51..117R.
10. ↑ Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J. (May 2004). "Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic)" (in en). Palaeontology 47 (3): 447–501. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00386.x. ISSN 0031-0239. Bibcode: 2004Palgy..47..447U.
11. ↑ Cleal, C. J.; Rees, P. M. (July 2003). "The Middle Jurassic flora from Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK". Palaeontology 46 (4): 739–801. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00319. ISSN 0031-0239. Bibcode: 2003Palgy..46..739C.
12. ↑ Doweld, Alexander B. (October 2012). "(2099) Proposal to conserve the name Bucklandia Brongn. against Bucklandia Sternb. and Conites (fossil Gymnospermae , Cycadeoideopsida )". Taxon 61 (5): 1131–1132. doi:10.1002/tax.615033. ISSN 0040-0262.

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