Sajsi

Short description: Former lake

Sajsi is the name of an ancient lake in the Andes

The existence of ancient lakes in the Altiplano was proposed as early as 1882. At first, a Lake Minchin was identified with ages of 30,000 years or older; later additional lake cycles were recognized.[1] The minor ones include Inca Huasi, Salinas and Coipasa. The major ones include Lake Tauca and Ouki.[2] Because of this, it was proposed that Lake Minchin was actually a combination of several different ancient lakes.[3]

This lake occupied the area of the current Salar de Uyuni;[4] it also covered the Salar de Coipasa but it is not clear whether and how it extended in the Lake Poopo.[5] Its waters reached altitudes of 3,670 metres (12,040 ft) and its depth did not exceed 17 metres (56 ft).[6] A sample dated 23,700 ± 2,600 years ago by uranium-thorium dating indicates that lake levels at that point were about 15 metres (49 ft) deep in the Uyuni basin.[7] Water levels subsequently decreased to less than 5 metres (16 ft) above the present day levels before Lake Tauca formed,[8] however both the timing and the history of water levels are uncertain.[9] The surface area of the lake may have been 21,000 square kilometres (8,100 sq mi) during the highstand.[10] By 19,900 ± 900 - 18,700 ± 200 years ago, the Lake Tauca was beginning to form.[7] The so-called "L2" unit in drill cores in Salar de Uyuni may correspond to both the Sajsi and the later Lake Tauca cycle.[11] Strontium isotope data indicate that about 41% of the water in Sajsi came from Lake Poopo and 4% from Lake Titicaca.[12]

Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for Sajsi-age ooids and tufa, uncalibrated they range from 17,080 ± 720 to 20,830 ± 140 years ago.[13] Later dates indicated that the lake existed between 25,000 and 19,000 years ago and reached its maximum depth 23,000 years ago.[7] The existence of this lake coincides with the Last Glacial Maximum. Earlier, lakes had formed in the Laguna Blanca, the Salar de Atacama,[4] as well as the Pozuelos Basin in northwest Argentina.[14] Given evidence from the Bolivian Eastern Cordillera[15] and the small size of the glacial Sajsi and Inca Huasi paleolakes, it is likely that the Last Glacial Maximum was accompanied by a dry climate on the Altiplano[8] and indeed climate modelling shows that only a small precipitation increase - or none at all - would be needed to create the Sajsi lake.[16] Glacier expansion is recorded at that time in Northwest Argentina.[17] The second Heinrich event seems to coincide with the Sajsi lake period.[18]

A maximum in local insolation about 21,000 years ago coincides with the existence of the Sajsi lake but was probably not responsible for the lake's existence.[19] Farther south, precipitation in the drainage area of the Rio Salado had increased by 10 millimetres per year (0.39 in/year) during the Sajsi time,[20] and there are isotope changes in Brazilian speleothems.[21] Lakes formed within the Western Cordillera[22] and the Bolivian Chaco likewise shows evidence of increased precipitation.[23] Rising water levels during the Sajsi reduced dust deflation.[24] The Sajsi lake was apparently followed by Lake Tauca, but evidence is lacking.[25] Another theory postulates that Sajsi was simply a sub-phase of Lake Tauca,[26] an interpretation applied in particular to data taken from drill cores.[27]

## References

1. ↑ Sánchez-Saldías, Andrea; Fariña, Richard A. (March 2014). "Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Minchin palaeolake system, South America: The influence of astronomical forcing". Geoscience Frontiers 5 (2): 250. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2013.06.004. Bibcode: 2014GeoFr...5..249S.
2. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 520.
3. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 528.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Torres, Gonzalo R.; Lupo, Liliana C.; Kulemeyer, Julio J.; Pérez, Claudio F. (May 2016). "Palynological evidence of the geoecological belts dynamics from Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina (23° S) during the Pre-Last Glacial Maximum". Andean Geology 24 (2): 151. doi:10.5027/andgeoV43n2-a01. ISSN 0718-7106. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-71062016000200001&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
5. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 102.
6. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 524.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Blard et al. 2011, p. 3984.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 531.
9. ↑ Blard et al. 2011, p. 3974.
10. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 103.
11. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 529.
12. ↑ Placzek, Christa J.; Quade, Jay; Patchett, P. Jonathan (January 2011). "Isotopic tracers of paleohydrologic change in large lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano". Quaternary Research 75 (1): 239. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.004. Bibcode: 2011QuRes..75..231P. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/20610/1/QuaternaryResearch2011.pdf.
13. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 519.
14. ↑ McGlue et al. 2013, p. 653.
15. ↑ Ratnayaka, Kevin; Hetzel, Ralf; Hornung, Jens; Hampel, Andrea; Hinderer, Matthias; Frechen, Manfred (2019). "Postglacial alluvial fan dynamics in the Cordillera Oriental, Peru, and palaeoclimatic implications" (in en). Quaternary Research 91 (1): 16. doi:10.1017/qua.2018.106. ISSN 0033-5894. Bibcode: 2019QuRes..91..431R. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/postglacial-alluvial-fan-dynamics-in-the-cordillera-oriental-peru-and-palaeoclimatic-implications/31D042049702724B03FEBFD2522B1C3C.
16. ↑ Vargo, L.J.; Galewsky, J.; Rupper, S.; Ward, D.J. (April 2018). "Sensitivity of glaciation in the arid subtropical Andes to changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation" (in en). Global and Planetary Change 163: 87. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.02.006. ISSN 0921-8181. Bibcode: 2018GPC...163...86V.
17. ↑ Zech, Jana; Zech, Roland; Kubik, Peter W.; Veit, Heinz (December 2009). "Glacier and climate reconstruction at Tres Lagunas, NW Argentina, based on 10Be surface exposure dating and lake sediment analyses". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 284 (3–4): 180. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.09.023. Bibcode: 2009PPP...284..180Z.
18. ↑ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 106.
19. ↑ Quade, Jay; Rech, Jason A.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Latorre, Claudio; Quade, Barbra; Rylander, Kate Aasen; Fisher, Timothy (May 2008). "Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile". Quaternary Research 69 (3): 358. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003. Bibcode: 2008QuRes..69..343Q.
20. ↑ Latorre, Claudio; Betancourt, Julio L.; Arroyo, Mary T.K. (May 2006). "Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Río Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile". Quaternary Research 65 (3): 462. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002. Bibcode: 2006QuRes..65..450L.
21. ↑ Viveen, Willem; Sanjurjo‐Sanchez, Jorge; Bravo‐Lembcke, Gustavo; Uribe‐Ventura, Rodrigo (30 June 2024). "A 121‐ka record of Western Andean fluvial response to suborbital climate cycles recorded by rhythmic grain size variations of the Lima fluvial fan". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 49 (8): 2342. doi:10.1002/esp.5831.
22. ↑ Pfeiffer, Marco; Latorre, Claudio; Santoro, Calogero M.; Gayo, Eugenia M.; Rojas, Rodrigo; Carrevedo, María Laura; McRostie, Virginia B.; Finstad, Kari M. et al. (October 2018). "Chronology, stratigraphy and hydrological modelling of extensive wetlands and paleolakes in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert during the late quaternary" (in en). Quaternary Science Reviews 197: 237. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.001. ISSN 0277-3791. Bibcode: 2018QSRv..197..224P.
23. ↑ May, Jan-Hendrik; Zech, Roland; Veit, Heinz (June 2008). "Late Quaternary paleosol–sediment-sequences and landscape evolution along the Andean piedmont, Bolivian Chaco". Geomorphology 98 (1–2): 47. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.025. Bibcode: 2008Geomo..98...34M.
24. ↑ Vanderstraeten, Aubry; Mattielli, Nadine; Laruelle, Goulven G.; Gili, Stefania; Bory, Aloys; Gabrielli, Paolo; Boxho, Sibylle; Tison, Jean-Louis et al. (July 2023). "Identifying the provenance and quantifying the contribution of dust sources in EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core (Antarctica) over the last deglaciation (7–27 kyr BP): A high-resolution, quantitative record from a new Rare Earth Element mixing model". Science of the Total Environment 881. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163450. PMID 37061058. Bibcode: 2023ScTEn.88163450V. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/359162/3/STOTEN_version_07_04_23.pdf.
25. ↑ Broecker, Wally; Putnam, Aaron E. (December 2012). "How did the hydrologic cycle respond to the two-phase mystery interval?". Quaternary Science Reviews 57: 20. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.024. Bibcode: 2012QSRv...57...17B.
26. ↑ McPhillips, Devin; Bierman, Paul R.; Crocker, Thomas; Rood, Dylan H. (December 2013). "Landscape response to Pleistocene-Holocene precipitation change in the Western Cordillera, Peru: Be concentrations in modern sediments and terrace fills". Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 118 (4): 2490. doi:10.1002/2013JF002837. Bibcode: 2013JGRF..118.2488M. http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/40590/2/McPhillips_et_al-2013-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Earth_Surface.pdf.
27. ↑ McGlue et al. 2013, p. 652.

### Sources

* Blard, P.-H.; Sylvestre, F.; Tripati, A.K.; Claude, C.; Causse, C.; Coudrain, A.; Condom, T.; Seidel, J.-L. et al. (December 2011). "Lake highstands on the Altiplano (Tropical Andes) contemporaneous with Heinrich 1 and the Younger Dryas: new insights from 14C, U–Th dating and δ18O of carbonates". Quaternary Science Reviews 30 (27–28): 3973–3989. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.001. Bibcode: 2011QSRv...30.3973B.
* McGlue, Michael M.; Cohen, Andrew S.; Ellis, Geoffrey S.; Kowler, Andrew L. (December 2013). "Late Quaternary stratigraphy, sedimentology and geochemistry of an underfilled lake basin in the Puna plateau (northwest Argentina)". Basin Research 25 (6): 638–658. doi:10.1111/bre.12025. Bibcode: 2013BasR...25..638M.
* Placzek, C.; Quade, J.; Patchett, P. J. (8 May 2006). "Geochronology and stratigraphy of late Pleistocene lake cycles on the southern Bolivian Altiplano: Implications for causes of tropical climate change". Geological Society of America Bulletin 118 (5–6): 515–532. doi:10.1130/B25770.1. Bibcode: 2006GSAB..118..515P.
* Placzek, C.J.; Quade, J.; Patchett, P.J. (February 2013). "A 130ka reconstruction of rainfall on the Bolivian Altiplano". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 363: 97–108. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.017. Bibcode: 2013E&PSL.363...97P.

Template:Altiplano lakes and paleolakes

* v
* t
* e

Pleistocene proglacial lakes and related seas

Africa|

* Lake Makgadikgadi

Asia|

* West Siberian Glacial Lake
* Lake Tengger

Europe|

* Ancylus Lake
* Baltic Ice Lake
* Lake Harrison
* Lake Komi
* Lake Lapworth
* Lake Pickering
* Littorina Sea
* Mastogloia Sea
* Yoldia Sea

North America|

| Nelson River drainage|

* Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
* Lake Agassiz
* Lake Bassano
* Lake Souris

|

James Bay drainage|

* Lake Ojibway
* Tyrrell Sea

Great Lakes|

* Lake Admiralty
* Lake Algonquin (Multiple basins)
* Lake Arkona
* Lake Chicago
* Lake Chippewa
* Lake Duluth
* Early Lake Erie
* Lake Frontenac
* Lake Houghton (glacial)
* Glacial Lake Iroquois
* Lake Lundy
* Lake Dana
* Lake Maumee
* Lake Minong
* Nipissing Great Lakes (Multiple basins)
* Early Lake Ontario
* Lake Saginaw
* Lake Stanley
* Lake Tonawanda
* Lake Warren
* Lake Wayne
* Lake Whittlesey
* Champlain Sea

Columbia River system|

* Lake Allison
* Lake Bonneville
* Glacial Lake Columbia
* Lake Lahontan
* Lake Lewis
* Lake Missoula

Puget Sound system|

* Glacial Lake Russell
* Glacial Lake Hood
* Lake Nisqually
* Lake Puyallup
* Glacial Lake Sammamish
* Lake Skokomish

Upper Missouri River|

* Lake Cut Bank
* Lake Chouteau
* Lake Great Falls
* Lake Circle
* Lake Jordan (Montana)
* Lake Musselshell
* Lake Glendive
* Lake McKenzie

Upper Mississippi drainage|

* Lake Kankakee
* Kankakee Outwash Plain
* Lake Wisconsin

Ohio drainage|

* Lake Monongahela
* Lake Tight
* Teays River

Hudson valley|

* Lake Albany
* Lake Passaic

New England|

* Lake Cape Cod
* Lake Connecticut
* Lake Hitchcock
* Lake Merrimack
* Lake Nantucket Sound
* Lake Stowe

California|

* Lake Cahuilla
* Lake Corcoran
* Lake Harper
* Lake Manix
* Lake Manly
* Lake Mojave
* Lake Panamint
* Lake Russell
* Lake Tecopa
* Lake Thompson

New Mexico|

* Lake Palomas

Alaska|

* Lake Atna

South America|

* Lake Ballivián
* Cabana
* Lake Escara
* Inca Huasi
* Mataro
* Lake Minchin
* Ouki
* Sajsi
* Salinas
* Lake Tauca
* Great Tehuelche Paleolake

Summary|

* List of prehistoric lakes

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajsi. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Earth:Sajsi&oldid=3997579"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template