John Blair Jr.

|  |

Former Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
From: September 26, 1789 – October 25, 1795
Nominator | George Washington
Predecessor | None
Successor | Samuel Chase
Information

Party  | Federalist

Religion  | Presbyterian

John Blair Jr. (April 17, 1732 – August 31, 1800), a firm supporter of independence and the Constitution, was a member of a leading Virginia family who gained more renown as a lawyer-jurist than as a politician. President Washington appointed him as one of the original Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Early life
* 2 Career
* 2.1 Constitutional Convention
* 2.2 Supreme Court
* 3 Later life
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Early life[edit]

"Scion of a prominent Virginia family, Blair was born at Williamsburg in 1732. He was the son of John Blair, a colonial official and nephew of James Blair, founder and first president of the College of William and Mary. Signer Blair graduated from that institution and studied law at London's Middle Temple. While there, he met and married Jean Balfour in Edinburgh on December 16, 1756.

Thereafter, he practiced at Williamsburg. In the years 1766-70 he sat in the Virginia House of Burgesses as the representative of William and Mary. From 1770 to 1775 he held the position of clerk of the colony's council.

## Career[edit]

An active patriot, Blair consistently opposed mistreatment by the British of the colonists. However, early on he did not favor the more aggressive stances taken by contemporaries like Patrick Henry, such as during the Stamp Act crisis.[2]

However, after repeated injury and in particular the passage of the Townshend Acts, Blair became more fiery and signed the Virginia Association of June 22, 1770, which pledged to abandon importation of British goods until the Townshend Duties were repealed. He also underwrote the Association of May 27, 1774, calling for a meeting of the colonies in a Continental Congress and supporting the Bostonians. He took part in the Virginia constitutional convention (1776), at which he sat on the committee that framed a declaration of rights as well as the plan for a new government. He next served on the Privy Council (1776–78). In the latter year, the legislature elected him as a judge of the General Court, and he soon took over the chief justiceship.

In 1780 he won election to Virginia's high chancery court, where his colleague was George Wythe. During his tenure, the case The Commonwealth of Virginia v. Caton et al. (1782), which was an early judicial review case involving the constitutionality of legislative acts.

### Constitutional Convention[edit]

Blair attended the Constitutional Convention religiously but never spoke or served on a committee. He usually sided with the position of the Virginia delegation, of which he was a member. Others in his delegation included James Madison, George Mason, James McClurg, Edmund Randolph, George Washington, and George Wythe.

While in the commonwealth ratifying convention, Blair helped win backing for the new framework of government.

### Supreme Court[edit]

In 1789 Washington named Blair as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. There, he helped decide many important cases including Chisholm v. Georgia, considered by some as the first significant SCOTUS case.

## Later life[edit]

Resigning that post in 1796, he spent his remaining years in Williamsburg. A widower, his wife (born Jean Balfour) having died in 1792, he lived quietly until he succumbed in 1800. He was 68 years old. His tomb is in the graveyard of Bruton Parish Church." [3]

## References[edit]

1. ↑ http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/constitution/bio4.htm
2. ↑ Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies
3. ↑ https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution_founding_fathers_virginia.html#Blair

## External links[edit]

* http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/RevWar/ss/blair.htm
* http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/constitution/bio4.htm

The U.S. Supreme Court

Chief Justice John Jay's Court (1789–1795)
| 1789–1792  |  John Rutledge | William Cushing | James Wilson | John Blair | James Iredell

|

1792–1793  |  William Cushing | James Wilson | John Blair | James Iredell | Thomas Johnson
1793–1795  |  William Cushing | James Wilson | John Blair | James Iredell | William Paterson

v • d • e

Constitutional Convention

Delegates to the Constitutional Convention by State, those who signed the Constitution are indicated by italic.
Massachusetts|

Elbridge Gerry • Nathaniel Gorham • Rufus King • Caleb Strong

Reproduction of painting of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and others signing the U.S. Constitution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Henry Hintermeister.

New Hampshire|

Nicholas Gilman • John Langdon

Connecticut|

Oliver Ellsworth • William Samuel Johnson • Roger Sherman

New York|

Alexander Hamilton • John Lansing, Jr. • Robert Yates

New Jersey|

David Brearley • Jonathan Dayton • William Houston • William Livingston • William Paterson

Pennsylvania|

George Clymer • Thomas Fitzsimons • Benjamin Franklin • Jared Ingersoll • Thomas Mifflin • Gouverneur Morris • Robert Morris • James Wilson

Delaware|

Richard Bassett • Gunning Bedford, Jr. • Jacob Broom • John Dickinson • George Read

Maryland|

Daniel Carroll • Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer • Luther Martin • James McHenry • John Francis Mercer

Virginia|

John Blair Jr. • James Madison • George Mason • James McClurg • Edmund Randolph • George Washington • George Wythe

North Carolina|

William Blount • William Richardson Davie • Alexander Martin • Richard Dobbs Spaight • Hugh Williamson

South Carolina|

Pierce Butler • Charles Cotesworth Pinckney • Charles Pinckney • John Rutledge

Georgia|

William Few • Abraham Baldwin • William Houstoun • William Pierce

Convention Secretary|

William Jackson

The legislature of Rhode Island declined to send delegates to the Convention.